跨文化交际barrierstoccc课件

跨文化交际barrierstoccc课件BarrierstoCross-culturalCommunicationStereotypesEthnocentrismPrejudiceSomeyearsago,severalinternationalbusinessmenwereonaconferencecruisewhentheshipbegantosink.“Gotellthosefellowstoputonlifejacketsandjumpoverboard,”thecaptaindirectedhisfirstmate. Afewminuteslaterthefirstmatereturned.“Thoseguyswon’tjump,”hereported. “Takeover,”thecaptainordered,“andI’llseewhatIcando.” Returningmomentslater,heannounced,“They’regone.” “How’dyoudoit?”askedthefirstmate. “Itolddifferentthingstodifferentpeople.ItoldtheEnglishmanitwasthesportingthingtodo,andhejumped.ItoldtheFrenchmanitwas__1__;theGermanthatitwasacommand;theItalianthatitwas__2__;theRussianthatitwas__3__;sotheyalljumpedoverboard.” “AndhowdidyougettheAmericantojump?” “Noproblem,”saidthecaptain,“Itoldhimhewas__4__!”1.chic2.forbidden3.revolutionary4.insuredStereotypesaformofgeneralizationaboutsomegroupofpeople.Ageneralizationthatgoesbeyondtheexistingevidence,aninaccurateorovergeneralization.generalideasofapersonwithouttakingthewholepersonintoaccount

PositivestereotypesmembersofcertaingrouphavegoodqualitiesNegativestereotypesmembersofthegrouphaveundesirablecharacteristics.Whatisstereotyping?labelsorcategories

todescribeothersbasedonsuchcharacteristicsasclothing,looks,thewayapersontalksmakeassumptionsaboutgroupsofpeopletheydon'tevenknowAreasofstereotyping

AgeSexSexualpreferenceRaceReligion

ProfessionNationalityEducationPlaces

Things

Exlesa)AllthestudentsinPEDept.areb)Allpoliticiansarec)Allfemaledoctorholdersared)AllHarvardgraduatesaree)Allrichmenf)Alluniversity/collegeteachersareg)Herboyfriendisfromthenorth,sohemustbeh)Hisgrandfatherisahistoryprofessor,sohemustbei)HedrivesBMW,sohemustbeOnceuponatimeamonkeydecidedtoleavetheforestandexplorethegreat,wideworld.Hetraveledtothecityandsawmanystrangeandwonderfulthingsbutfinallyhedecidedtoreturnhome.Backintheforesthisfriendsandrelativesgatheredaround.“Well,”theycried,“whatdidyousee?”“Isawbuildingsmadeofconcreteandglass.Buildingssohighthattheytouchedthesky,”saidthemonkey.Andallhisfriendsandrelativesimaginedglassbranchesscratchingthesky.“Thebuildingswerefullofpeoplewalkingontwolegsandcarryingbriefcases,”saidthemonkey.Andhisfriendsandrelativescouldalmostseethepeoplerunningalongthebrancheswiththeirtailswrappedfirmlyaroundtheirbriefcases.ReflectionsWhatisyouropinionofstereotyping?Isthereanyonewithoutstereotypesatall?Why?Whatwillyoudoifstereotyped?Thedamagingeffectofstereotypesincross-culturalcommunicationtoassumethatawidelyheldbeliefistruewhenitmaynotbe.toassumethatawidelyheldbeliefistrueofanyoneindividual.Thestereotypecanbecomea“self-fulfillingprophecy”forthepersonstereotyped.Whenstereotypesleadustointerpretanindividual’sbehaviourfromtheperceptualscreenofthestereotypetheyimpedecommunication.Howtoreduceoreliminatestereotypesincross-culturalcommunication?BecarefulofjumpingtoconclusionsFocusoneverypersonasanindividual.TakeamorehumbleandtentativeattitudeRespectthetargetculturebemoretolerantofthedifferentcustoms

toneutralizestereotypesEthnocentrism

Thebeliefthatthecustomsandpracticesofone’sownculturearesuperiortothoseofothercultures

Culturestelluswhatisrightandwrong.Ethnocentrismisalearnedbeliefinculturalsuperiority.

highlightandexaggerateculturaldifferencestheirowncustomsasthestandardsforjudgmentsEthnocentriccharacteristics

shapeasocialsenseofidentitywhichisnarrowanddefensiveinvolvetheperceptionofmembersofotherculturesintermsofstereotypesone’sownisnormalandnaturalennobleone’sownculturewhiledegradingthoseofothersEthnocentricattitudes

Mostotherculturesarebackwardcomparedtomycultures.Mycultureshouldbetherolemodelforothercultures.Mostpeoplewouldbehappieriftheylivedlikepeopleinmyculture.Peopleinmyculturehavejustaboutthebestlifestylesofanywhere.Idonottrustpeoplewhoaredifferent.Idislikeinteractingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures…………….Negativeeffectsofethnocentrism

rejectionoftherichnessandknowledgeofotherculturesblocktheexchangeofideasandskillsamongpeoplesexcludeotherpointsofviewthestartingpointformostprejudicialbeliefs

Prejudicenegativefeelingsandattitudestowardagroupbasedonfaultyandinflexiblestereotypes

irrationalfeelingsofdislikeandevenhatredforcertaingroups

auniversalpsychologicalprocess

Severeprejudice

Sexismwomenareinferiorinmentalabilitytomen

Racismotherracesareinferiortoone’sownAnalyzethethreestudents’experiencesandexpressyouropinionsCulturalshock(culturalfatigue)

deeppsychologicalpanicandcrisisconfusion,insecurity,andanxietycausedbythestrangenessofanewenvironmentantagonismandcynicismaboutthenewculture

Commonsymptoms

lossofpatience,depressionAbsentmindednessoverwhelmingfearofbeingcheatedorrobbedovereating,oversleeping,substanceabuse,withdrawal,declininginvitationpreferringtostayathometoreadbooksandwatchvideosshippedinbackfromhomeHoneymoonPhase

thedifferencesbetweentheoldandnewcultureareseeninaromanticlight,wonderfulandnewlovethenewfoods,thepaceofthelife,thepeople'shabits,thebuildingsandsoonNegotiationPhase(weeks)Differencesbecomeapparentandmaycreateanxietylongforfoodinnativecountry,findthepaceoflifetoofastorslow,findthepeople'shabitsannoying,disgusting,andirritatingetc.Depressionisnotuncommon.

AdjustmentPhase(6-12months)

growaccustomedtothenewcultureanddevelopsroutinesknowwhattoexpectinmostsituationsandthehostcountrynolongerfeelsallthatnew.becomeconcernedwithbasiclivingagain,andthingsbecomemore"normal".ThreeBasicOutcomes

Rejectors

finditimpossibletoaccepttheforeigncultureandintegrateisolatethemselvesfromthehostcountry'senvironment,whichtheycometoperceiveashostile,withdrawintoaghettoandseereturntotheirowncultureastheonlywayout.Adopters

integratefullyandtakeonallpartsofthehostculturewhilelosingtheiroriginalidentity.Theynormallyremaininthehostcountryforever.

Cosmopolitans

managetoadapttheaspectsofthe