初中英语语法精讲+精练 定语从句

1定语从句概述在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词作用先行词例句that,who,whom(只作宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowtheoldmanwho/thatisstandingunderthetree?你认识站在树下的那个老人吗?that,which主语、宾语、表语物Shegotacomputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。whose定语人/物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。when状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。where状语地点Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。why状语原因Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?2关系代词的用法一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。Adoctoris

aperson

who

looksafter

apatient.

先行词

主语

谓语

宾语

句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。1.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导:(1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。(2)当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。(4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?2.关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?3关系副词的用法Thisis

thefactory

where

myfather

works.

先行词

地点状语

主语

谓语

句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reason一词。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那就是我三年前就读的学校。4定语从句解题技巧RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogramwhichispopularamongtheyoungpeople.主句：RunningManisaveryrelaxingTVprogram从句：whichispopularamongtheyoungpeople先行词：TVprogram关系代词：which因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如：what。在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。（1）一看指人还是物

先行词指人：that,who,whose,whom

先行词指物：that,which,whose（2）二看句中作何用主语

who(人),which（物）,that（人/物）宾语

who/whom(人),which（物）,that（人/物）定语

whose（人/物）状语

where(地点),

when（时间）,why（原因）如：Mybrotherlikesthestories______werewrittenbyMarkTwainbecausetheyareoftenhumorous.先行词(thestories)指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/that。如：Heistheboy______Italkedwithjustnow.先行词（theboy）指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填。如：What‘sthenameofthegirl______fatherisadoctor？

先行词(thegirl)指人,关系词在从句中作定语,可用关系代词whose。如：Istillremembertheday________ournewschoolwasbuilt.从句中不缺成分,先行词（theday）指时间,关系词在从句中作状语,可用关系副词when。（3）看是否是特殊情况：关系词只能用that的几种情况

①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如：

Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。

②当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。如：

ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。

③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：

ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShanghai.为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。

④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：

Let’stalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatwecanremember.让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。关系词只能用which的几种情况:

①关系代词放在介词之后。如：

Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。

②非限制性定语从句中。如：

Thisisafamousbook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。

③that，those作主语时。如：

ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.桌子上的那些是英语书。用who而不用that的情况:

①当先行词为people和those时，只能用who。如：

Thosewhowanttogotherecomehereplease.那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

②当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，只能用who。如：Anyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。

③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：

Themanwhocamehereyesterdaysaidhewouldcomeagaininafewdays.昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。练一练：1.—Whatshallwedonext?—Taketheadvice________isgivenbyDr.Bloch.A.who

B.which

C.whose【答案】B【解析】先行词advice，指物体，关系代词应用which.2..Mr.Smith_______issmokingislookingfor______helostyesterday.A.whom;which

B.who;whatC.that;who

D.which;where【答案】B

【解析】先行词Mr.Smith指人，关系代词应用who;在寻找他昨天丢失的物体，从选项来看，关系代词应用what.3..SteveJobsisoneofthepersons

foundedAppleComputerCompany.Hisdeathmarkedtheendofanera(时代).A.who

B.whom

C.which

D./【答案】A【解析】从句子结构来看先行词SteveJobs，指人，且作主语。关系代词应用who.4..---Doyouknowthegirl______istalkingtotheheadmasteroverthere?

---Ofcourse.Sheismysister.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.what【答案】A【解析】选A。考查考查定语从句。先行词是thegirl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。5.

Foshan

isa

city

hasa

very

long

histor.A

whose

B.which

C.who【答案】B【解析】先行词是Foshan，是地方，引导词用which.6.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.A.who

B.when

C.that【答案】C【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是ThePalaceMuseum，指物，且在定语从句中做visited的宾语，因此选C。7.

---Doyouknowthegirl_____ishelpingtheoldwoman.

-Oh,that'smysister,A.whom

B.whose

C.who

D.where【答案】C【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是thegirl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。8.—Doyouknowthelady______istalkingwithMr.Smith?

—Yes,she’sournewchemistryteacher,MissBrown.A.who

B.which

C.whom【答案】A【解析】选A。先行词是thelady，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。9.Iwaslookingforthepen_____Iboughtyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.A.who

B.where

C.which

D.what【答案】C【解析】选C。考查定语从句引导词。前置语为thepen名词，用which代替。what不能作定语从句的引导词。10.Pleasepassmethecartoonbook______hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whom

B.whose

C.who

D.which【答案】D【解析】选D。考查定语从句引导词。前置语为thecartonbook,

名词，用which代替。11.Ilikethefriends_____todothesamethingsasmesothatwecancommunicatebetterwitheachother.A.wholikes

B.whatlike

C.wholike【答案】C【解析】选C。先行词是thefriends，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who,由于friends是复数，谓语动词用原形。12.Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark____

wevisitedlastweek.A.who

B.when

C.what

D.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词thepark是“物，在定语从句中充当的是visited的宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，故选D.13.Moststudents

liketheteachers

understandthemwellA.who

B.when

C.what

D.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词theteachers是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，故选A.14..ZhangLiliisconsideredasthemostbeautifulteacher

gaveherlovetoherstudentsindanger.A.who

B.that

C.whom

D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词themostbeautifulteacher是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词who或that引导来引导，同时先行词受到形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that来引导，故选B.15..TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary

myfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.A.whose

B.when

C.who

D.that【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词dictionary是“物”，在定语从句中充当的是宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，故选D.16.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothes______makemefeelcomfortable.”A.that

B.what

C.who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词clothes是“物”，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导。根据句意：你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好，我喜欢让我穿着舒服的衣服。故选A.17.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthering______myhusbandboughtmelastyear.A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.it【答案】A【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“thering”表示“物”，故定语从句的引导词用that或which，故选A。18..RobertisjustoneyoungoverseasChinese________hascometovisithisancestor'shomeland.A.who

B.where

C.when

D.which【答案】A【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句修饰的先行词“oneyoungoverseasChinese”表示的是“一个年轻的海外华人”，

所以定语从句的引导词用that或who，故选A.19.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthepen________myfathergavemelastweek.A.who

B.which

C.whose

D.whom【答案】B【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“thepen”表示“物”，故引导词用that或which，故选B。20.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemove______areaboutChinesehistory.A.who

B.whom

C.whose

Dwhich【答案】D【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“themove”表示“物”，故引导词用that或which，故选D。21.Peopleoftenlikeclothes

______

canmakethemlookyoung.A.

when

B.

who

C.

that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的先行词clothes是“物”，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选C。22.Icanneverforgetthestories________mygrandmatoldme.A.what

B.who

C.them

D.that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thestories是“物”，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D。23.Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresent_____wouldbesenttohisteacher.A.who

B./

C.what

D.that【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thepresent是“物”，在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D。24.—Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?

—Theone______hatisyellow.A.who

B.whose

C.that

D.which【答案】B【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是theone/girl，在定语从句中充当hat的定语，所以，定语从句的引导词用whose引导，故选B.25.Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.where

B.when

C.that

D.which【答案】A【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the

primaryschool,在定语从句中充当的是地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导,

故选A.26.It’sinterestingthattherearemanypeople

speakFrenchinCanada.A.which

B.where

C.who【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词manypeople是“人”，在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用who或that引导，故选C.27..Pleasepassmethecartoonbook_________hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whom

B.whose

C.who

D.which【答案】D【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thecartoonbook是“物”，在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D.28.—Iwanttofindapartnertopracticerollerskating.

—MyfriendFredisaperson

mayhelpyoualot.A.which

B.so

C.who

D.