高中一轮复习英语北师大版习题必修五Unit15单元检测B阅读理解提速练

Unit15单元检测B——阅读理解提速练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·湖北省鄂西北联考)Ithappenstomostfirst­timefishkeepers.Theyruntoafishstore,pickoutthebest­lookingfish,andgetallthethingstheyneedfortheirtanks.Thentheyfilluptheirtanksandputtheirfishinthewater.Overthecourseofthenextweek,theirfisharen'tlookingsogood.Thenallofasudden,alloftheirfishstarttodieoff.Luckily,thereisanexplanation.Ammonia(氨)andnitrite(亚硝酸盐)aretoxictofish.Yousee,keepingfishinatankproducesammonia.Ifafishisplacedinanewtank,thetankwon'tbeequippedwiththeabilitytochangethatammoniaintoalessharmfulchemical.Andthat'swhytheydie.Toavoidthewholefailure,youhavetounderstandalittlesomethingcalledtheNitrogenCycle(氮循环).Afterammoniaisproducedinatank,akindofbacteriumthatisnaturallyfoundinwater(abacteriumthatconsumesammoniaandproducesnitrite)reproducesitselftoformalargeenoughareatochangeallammoniaintonitrite.Astheconcentration(浓度)ofnitriteincreases,thesamethinghappenstonitrite,whichhappenedtoammonia.Agroupofbacteriathatchangenitriteintonitrate(硝酸盐)forminlargenumbers.Thecycletakesaboutoneweektoseveralmonths,dependingonyourtechnique.Whenatankreachesapointwhereitcanchangeallammoniaandnitritebeingproducedinatanktonitratebeforetheyreachharmfulconcentrations,ithasfinishedtheNitrogenCycle—itissafeforfish.Sobeforeyoueverplaceafishintoatankfromnowon,usesomeskillstomakeitdothatfirst.Todoso,slightlyincreaseammoniaconcentrationofyourtank.Ifafter24hours,yourtankhasnomarkofammoniaornitrite,youcanensurethatit'scycled.Youjustneedtoperformapartialwaterchangeandyourtankisreadyforfish.语篇解读：本文是说明文。新手养鱼经常遇到这样的问题：他们刚养不久的鱼相继死去。这是因为新鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒死亡。1．WhatcanwelearnfromPara.1?A．It'sreallyhardforpeopletokeepfishwell.B．Theauthorfeelsverysorryforthosedeadfish.C．Newfishkeepersbegintoraisefishinahurry.D．Peoplehavenoideahowtousetheirtankswell.解析：选C推理判断题。第一段描述了养鱼新手经常会遇到的问题：他们刚养的鱼很快就死了；由第二段的最后两句可知这是因为新买的鱼缸没有经过氮循环，从而导致鱼中毒而死；由此可推知，作者在第一段中想说明新手养鱼太仓促了。2．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“toxic”inPara.2?A．Open. B．Harmful.C．Familiar. D．Beneficial.解析：选B词义猜测题。由第二段的“thetankwon'tbeequippedwiththeabilitytochangethatammoniaintoalessharmfulchemical”可推知，ammonia和nitrite这两种化学物质对鱼类有害。3．WhatdoweknowabouttheNitrogenCycle?A．Itmakessureoffish'ssafety.B．Itprovidesallthenutritionfishneed.C．Itincreasestheconcentrationofammonia.D．Itproducesmorechemicalstocleanthetank.解析：选A细节理解题。由第三段的内容尤其是最后一句“ithasfinishedtheNitrogenCycle—itissafeforfish”可知，新买的鱼缸经过氮循环之后，人们就可以用它来养鱼了；故选A。4．Whichquestioncan'tbeansweredinthetext?A．What'stherightwaytoraisefishinanewtank?B．WhathappensduringtheNitrogenCycle?C．Whyarefishinanewtanklikelytodie?D．Whyisnitratelessharmfultofish?解析：选D推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了养鱼新手常遇到的问题，第二段解释了造成这种问题的原因，第三段具体介绍了氮循环的过程，最后一段介绍了用新鱼缸养鱼的正确方法；故选D。B(2018·安徽省无为中学模拟)Whenitestohumanbehaviour,thebrainisshowntohavetwodifferentapproachestothinking.Amonthoughtprocessistheautomaticandfastapproachwhichhelpsustoreactquicklyindangeroussituations.Thisisknownassystem1anddatesbacktothetimesofourprehistoricancestors,wholivedwithanaturalawarenessofthedangersaroundthem—badweatherandthreateninganimals.Nowadays,westillhavetheabilitytoreactsorapidlyandnaturallytosituationsthatitcanfeellikeyou'renotthinkingatall.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintotemptationandunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindow?Thisisbecausesystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertisinglikestomakethemostof!System2istheopposite.It'saslowthoughtprocessthatrequiresustopayattentionandconcentrate,forexample,whendoingaplexmathematicalsum.Thiswayofthinkinghelpsustomakesensiblelong­termdecisions.Theproblemisthatsystem2oftenstartstofeelboringandsosystem1takesover.HowoftenhaveyouputdownyourhomeworkorputoffdoingimportantjobstogoonFacebookorwatchaTVsoap?Weliketothinkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingsystem2.Asindividuals,weareincontrol,alwaystakingsensibleandlogicaldecisions.System1typethoughtsarereservedforspecialoccasionswhenwecanaffordtorelaxalittle—onholidayperhaps.However,theformerplaysmoreofasecondaryroleinourlives,withthelattertakingthemainstage.Sometimesit'ssystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutsystem2thatgetsitwrong.Forexample,professionalsportsteamsputalotofeffortintoagameplanbutoftenit'stheunconscioushumanwishtodosomethingdifferentlythatleadstoaspectaculargoal.Thiscanalsoleadtothemonmistakenideathatyoursuccessfuldecisionsdemonstrateyourskillandtalent,wheninfacttheywerejustluck.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章探讨了人的两种思维各自的作用、优劣及相互关系。)5．Accordingtothetext,modernadvertisingsucceedsby________.A．excitingournaturaldesiresB．takingadvantageofourfearsC．causingustoreactinasafewayD．studyingtheprehistorichumanmind解析：选A推理判断题。由第一段中的“givingintotemptation”及“ahumancharacteristic”等可推知，商家正是利用激发人类天生的欲望来打广告的。6．Whatissystem2goodfor?A．ingupwithcreativeideas.B．Concentratingforlongperiods.C．Performingdifficultmentaltasks.D．Doingseveraltasksatthesametime.解析：选C推理判断题。由第二段中的“doingaplexmathematicalsum”可推知，system2思维模式有利于人类做复杂的脑力工作。7．Whatdoes“This”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Anunexpectedsportswin.B．Asuddenchangeofaction.C．Anunconsciousmistake.D．Amatureplan.解析：选A代词指代题。This指代的是前文提到的精彩的进球，也就是临时的人为决定带来的意外胜利。8．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtomakesensibledecisions.B．Whatcontrolsourmind.C．Twosystemsofthought.D．Humancharacteristics.解析：选C主旨大意题。全文用对比的手法介绍了人类的两种思维模式各自的作用、优劣及相互关系，故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowtoDealwithLosinginSportsWinningandlosinggohand­in­handwhenitestosports.Greatathletesneverletthehighsgettoohigh,orthelowsgettoolow.Theouteofamatchisuncertain.Theonlythingthatiscertainisthepetitionitself.__1__Theouteisjusttheresultofallthehardworkputin.Congratulateyouropponentafteraloss.Respectyouropponentbecausetheyputinasmuchwork,ormorethanyou.Thisshowsrespectfortheopponentandrespectforthecontest.Acceptthefactthatthelossisnotone'sfault.Thisishardertodoinanindividualsport,butabsolutelyimportantinateamsport.__2__Don'tgetdownonyourself.Ifpetinginanindividualsport,acceptthatlosingisapartofpetingandmoveon.Examinewhyyoulostthepetition.Askyourselfifyoudideverythingpossibletoprepareforthepetition.Askyourselfifyougaveityourallduringthepetition.__3__Thisiscrucialifpetinginanindividualsport.Ifpetinginateamsport,recognizethateveryoneisn'tperfectandexaminethelossfromtheteamperspective.__4__Practicemore,orpracticebetter.Correctwhatevermistakesyoumadeduringthematch.Getbigger,stronger,faster,smarteranddowhateverittakes.Seekoutthesupportandencouragementofteammatesandcoaches.Don'tallowyourselftothinknegatively.Avoidnegativepeople.__5__Neveraccuseanopponentofcheating,evenifitwastrue.Again,thiswillmakeyouseemasifyouarelookingforexcuses.A．Don'tputtheblameonanyone.B．Workhardertogetbetter.C．Trainhardtoachieveyour