专题训练-研究发现类语篇阅读训练 高三下学期英语冲刺复习专项

专题复习研究发现类说明文阅读限时练姓名： 使用日期：星期C、D篇之研究发现类说明文阅读专题研究发现类说明文结构引出最新研究发现:介绍背景、引出成果或用强转折词however、but引出最新成果(如2023新高考Ⅰ卷D篇)→主旨题说明研究发现:实验研究的目的、原理、方法、过程[列数据、作比较、例证(举例的内容通常被修改设置为干扰项)、引用专家的话]、应用、意义→细节题、推理题尾段总结或评述:存在的问题、专家评述、未来前景等→观点态度题➩结论--实验--总结（结论是批旧立新；实验是设立参照组；总结是照应结论和展望未来）命题点是：结论是什么？实验说明了什么？未来是什么？考生要注意：出题顺序：与行文一致,不用读懂每句话干扰项特点：截取关键句或非关键句的部分词汇生造一个逻辑，可以说是无中生有。即使选项每个词文中都有，也要留意这是命题人可能在用熟悉词来混淆视线。把握说明方法，抓准关键词在行文中，为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或把事理阐述明白，通常会用到下列说明方法：举例子、做比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图标、引用、假设、对比或类比等。对应的就会出现一些标志性的用词：find/discover/prove/indicate/state/stress/explain/show/forexample/forinstance/define/compare/cause4四类标志解研究发现类说明文真题示例Climatechange,nothumanhunting,mayhavedestroyedthethylacine(袋狼),accordingtoanewstudybasedonDNAfromthylacinebones.Themeat­-eatingmarsupials(有袋动物)diedoutonmainlandAustraliaafewthousandyearsago,butsurvivedinTasmania,anislandofsoutheastAustraliaseparatedfromthemainland,untilthe1930s.Untilnow,scientistshavebelievedthecauseofthismainlandextinctionwasincreasedactivityfromnativeAustraliansanddingoes(Australianwilddogs)．ScientistsbehindtheUniversityofAdelaidestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournalofBiogeography,collected51newthylacineDNAsamplesfromfossilbonesandmuseumskins.Thepaperconcludedthatclimatechangestartingabout4,000yearsagowaslikelythemaincauseofthemainlandextinction.TheancientDNAshowedthatthemainlandextinctionofthylacineswasrapid,andnottheresultoflossofgeneticdiversity(基因多样性).Therewasalsoevidenceofapopulationcrash(大跌)inthylacinesinTasmaniaatthesameperiodoftime,reducingtheirnumbersandgeneticdiversity.ProfessorJeremyAustinsaidTasmaniawouldhavebeenprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmer,drierclimateduetoitshigherrainfall.Hearguedthatclimatechangewas“theonlythingthatcouldhavecaused,oratleaststarted,anextinctiononthemainlandandcausedapopulationcrashinTasmania.”“Theybothoccurredataboutthesametime,andtheothertwothingsthathavebeentalkedaboutinthepastthatmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctiononthemainlandweredingoesandhumans.Sotheonlyexplanationthat'sleftisclimatechange.Andbecausethatpopulationcrashhappenedatthesametimethatthespecies(物种)wentextinctonthemainland,ourargumentisthatthere'sacommonthemethereandtheonlycommonthemeisthatthereisthischangeinclimate.”32．Whatdidscientistsbelieveinthepastaccordingtothepassage?A．Marsupialswereallmeat-­eatinganimals.B．DingoesshouldberemovedfromAustralia.C．ThylacineshadnoenemiesonmainlandAustralia.D．Humanactivitiesmaycausetheextinctionofthylacines.33．What'sthedifferencebetweenmainlandAustraliaandTasmania?A．Tasmaniahasmoredingoes. B．Tasmaniahasmorerainydays.C．Tasmaniahasahighertemperature. D．Tasmaniahasmorenativeactivities.34．ThereasonwhyJeremyAustinhadstrongargumentisthat_____.A．somethingsimilaroccurredonmainlandAustraliaandTasmaniaB．TasmaniawasprotectedfrommainlandAustralia'swarmerclimateC．humansanddingoesmayhavedriventhylacinestoextinctionD．mainlandAustraliasufferedfrommuchhigherrainfallinthepast35．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Thecauseofdisappearanceofthylacines B．Thewaysofprotectingmeat­-eatinganimalsC．TheresultofwarmerclimateinAustralia D．Theeffectofclimatechangeonwildlife对点练习 完成时间：__________分钟；得分：____________Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breakfive-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws（颌/下巴）changedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved（进化）around300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth. B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured. D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults. B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods. D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhuman巩固练习2020浙江卷C篇 完成时间：__________分钟；得分：____________Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1.000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftest.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating(协调),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality. D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert'swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge2022浙江1月高考真题完成时间：__________分钟；得分：____________Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia（痴呆）."Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory(种类),definedasapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascularproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectont