上海2022年中考复习：词性转换专题训练（含答案）

词性转换专题训练知识点梳理出题方向出题量最大，也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换常考的相互转换词类有四种：名词、动词、形容词、副词名词动词、形容词动词、形容词名词动词形容词形容词动词形容词副词副词形容词做这样的转换需要平时大量的积累，建立词根词缀的概念，多掌握常用的词缀，灵活变通最基本题型，必考方向——名词、代词、数词名词考察方向：1.复数代词考察方向：1.宾格2.形容词性、名词性物主代词转换3.反身代词可能出现数词考察方向：1.基数词、序数词的拼写与互换2.分数可能出现简单题型，多练即可把握——比较级最高级需要掌握：1.比较级和最高级的变化方式2.比较级和最高级的辨识关键词较难题型，多次转换，反义理解有时候词类之间需要越级变换，要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系，确保答案的正确性较难题目不仅会越级变换，还需要添加反义，这需要更耐心细致地解题，分析题意二、解题技巧形容词修饰名词、代词性成分；部分名词也可以修饰名词动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰，副词也可以修饰整句话系动词后一般使用形容词，连系动词后尤其需要注意添加形容词，这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混淆扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识注意做完需要通读一下，检查反义及动词的时态语态问题三、词性转换分类汇总1．动词转换为名词的常见方式1)“动词+ion”例如：pollute→pollution,invent→invention,discuss→discussion,decide→decision注意：review→revisionsolve→solution2)“动词去e+ation”例如：invite→invitation，organize→organization3)“动词+er”例如:work→worker,teach→teacher,write→writer,speak→speaker,run→runner,win→winner4)“动词+or"例如：invent→inventor,act→actor,visit→visitor,calculate→calculator5)“动词+ing"例如：build→building,begin→beginning,paint→painting,mean→meaning6)“动词十ment"例如：develop→development,amuse→amusement7)“动词十ress"例如：wait→waitress,act→actress8)“动词十ance"例如：appear→appearance,perform→performance9)其他serve—service服务speak—speech演讲fish—fisherman渔夫enter—entrance入口know—knowledge知识weigh—weight重量please—pleasure愉快choose—choice选择tour—tourist游客die—death死亡succeed—success成功fly—flight飞行、航班memorize—memory记忆mix—mixture混合物cook—cook厨师save—safety安全act—activity活动able—ability能力2．动词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“动词+ive"例如：act→active,attract→attractive2)“动词+able"例如：change→changeable,enjoy→enjoyable3)“动词+ing"例如：excite→exciting,follow→following，freeze—freezing寒冷的/（frozen冷冻的）4)“动词+ed"例如：frighten→frightened,bore→bored5)“动词+ful"例如：forget→forgetful健忘的/unforgettable难忘的6)其他：例如：depend→independent独立的，like→likely，break→broken，die→dead，live→alivePleasev.→pleasuren.→pleasant令人愉快的（指物）/pleased满意的（指人）widen→wideenrich→richenable→able3．名词转换为形容词的常见方式1)“名词+ful"例如：care→careful,use→useful,power→powerful2)”名词+less"例如：care→careless,home→homeless,help→helpless3)“名词+ly"例如：friend→friendly,love→lovely4)“名词+y"例如：sun→sunny,wind→windy,health→healthy,noise→noisy,luck→lucky,fun→funny5)“名词+ing"例如：interest→interesting6)“名词+n"例如：America→American,Australia→Australian7)“名词+ern"例如：south→southern,north→northern8)“名词+ous"例如：danger→dangerous9)“名词+en"例如：wood→wooden,gold→golden,wool→woolen10)“名词+al"例如：nation→national,education→educational,medicine→medical,nature→naturalchemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional11)其他例如：office→officialfool→foolishforeigner→foreignwound→woundedelectricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic电子的4．形容词转换为名词的常见方式1)“形容词+y"例如：difficult→difficulty,honest→honesty2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"例如：different→difference,important→importance3)“形容词+ness"例如：ill→illness,kind→kindness,sad→sadness,happy→happiness4)“形容词+dom"例如：free→freedom,wise→wisdom5)其他例如：high→heightlong→lengthtrue→truthresponsible→responsibility5．形容词转换为副词的常见方式1)“形容词+ly“例如：quiet→quietcareful→carefullymain→mainly2)“形容词去y加ily“例如：easy→easilyheavy→heavilylucky→luckily3)“形容词le结尾的，去e变y“例如：possible→possiblygentle→gentlyterrible→terrible4)“形容词e结尾的，去e变ly“例如：true→truly(只有true特殊)nice→nicely5)“形容词不变“例如：early早late晚hard难的；努力地fast快wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)6．名词转换为名词的常见方式例如：art→artistscience→scientistpiano→pianistcity→citizencustom→customerengine→engineerfriend→friendshipbusiness→businessmanlaw→lawyerlibrary→librarianmusic→musicianoffice→officer(职员)/official(官员)7．词性转换中前缀的使用例如：possible→impossible(polite,patient)tell→retell(build,write,use)healthy→unhealthy(happy,lucky)honest→dishonestappear→disappear(like)male→femaleregular-irregular8．国名——国籍例如：Australia—AustralianAmerica—AmericanCanada—CanadianBritain—BritishEngland—EnglishItaly—ItalianFrance—FrenchGermany—German(德国人复数Germans)China—ChineseJapan—JapaneseKorea—Korean巩固练习习题按照考点分类【名词变复数】1.Weneedtothrowawaythesetomakeroomforournewfurniture.(box)2.TheyareallChinese______anddeserveourthanksandourrespect.(hero)3.Ihavejusteatentwotasty________withbutterandjam.(sandwich)4.Whendisasterstrikes,everyonetriestoavoidit.Onlyaremovingtowardsit.(hero)5.Kateboughtlotsof________fromthemarketyesterdaymorning.(strawberry)6.Toreducethespreadofvirus(病毒).Manycountriesstop________fromentering.(foreign)7.The________onshowareallexcellent,youcanchooseanyofthem.(piano)8.It'sreallyenjoyabletohaveacloselookatdifferent___________inItaly.(church)9.Wewatchedthechildrensweeping________intopilesinthestreet.(leaf)10.Theretiredpilotenjoystelling_______abouthiscareertothestudents.(story)11.Moreoftenchildrencan'tgotosleepwithoutsomebedtime.(story)12.I'mfondofeatingfruitMangoesand________aremyfavorite.(strawberry)13Don'tbothertogoout.All_______areclosed.(library)14.Peoplearewearingmaskstocovertheirandnosestopreventsmog.(mouth)15.RobbenownssomefurnitureinWuhan.(factory)Key:1.boxes2.heroes3.sandwiches4.heroes5.strawberries6.foreigners7.pianos8.churches9.leaves10.stories11.stories12.strawberries13.libraries14.mouths15.factories【基数序数转换】1.Thisisthetimeformetoteachyouthegrammarrules.(five)2.The_____holidayisNewYearsholiday.Wehavealltheirfamilyover.(one)3.Jerry,it'sthetimethatyouhavemissedtheschoolbusthisweek.(four)4.Dickwillbe________nextSunday.We’regoingtoholdapartyforhim.(ninth)5.Weliveonthe_______floorofthattallbuilding.(nine)6.Everystudentinthe_________Gradeisworkinghardtogetreadyforthehighschoolentranceexamination.(nine)7.Suehasalreadysetupherowncompanyinherearly________.（thirty)8.ThedoctortoldWindytoexerciseatleast______aweekifshewantedtokeephealthy.(two)9.Itissaidthatthesuccessfulwriterreleasedher_______bookatageof15.(one)10.Steven'sofficeisonthefloorandheusuallywalksupstairs.(five)11.Takethelifttothe_______floor,andyouwillhaveabetterviewofthecity(twelve)12.Lilyisawebfictionwriterandshepublishedhertenthbookinher.(thirty)13.UniversityofCambridgeistheoldestuniversityintheworldstillteaching.(four)14.Benisthechildinafamilyofeight.(seven)Key:1.fifth2.first3.fourth4.ninth5.ninth6.ninth7.thirties8.twice9.first10.fifth11.twelfth12.thirties13.fourth14.fourth【变否定】1.Jackwassickinhospitalbecauseofhisdiet.(healthy)2.WealllookforwardtothedaywhenCOVID-19will______.(appear)3.Doyouknowwhatmakessomanyplanesandships__________BermudaTriangle(百大三角).(appear)4.Theassistantfeltangryaboutthe________rulesofthecompany.(fair)5.Thestringofthekitebrokesuddenlyandthekiteinthesky.(appear)6.Onemajor________ofthatmachineistoobigforustocarry.(advantage)7.Thetreewillgrowbetterifyoucutoffthe____________leavesandbranches.(necessary)8.Idon’tthinkMr.Brownwas________,hejustdidn’tknowthetruth.(honest)9.Pleasekeepitinmindit'sawfultomakefriendswiththose_______people.(honest)10.Ithinkwehavetobevery________aboutreceivinggiftsfromothers.(careless)11.Ilikeeatinghamburgerandchocolate,buttheyarefood.(healthy)12.Itseemsthatourschoolhasonlypickedthebeststudentstoattendthemeeting.(fair)13.Sarahadadifferentideaanddidn'tlistentoanyone.It'stochangehermind.(possible)Key:1.unhealthy2.disappear3.disappear4.unfair5.ninth6.disappeared7.unnecessary8.dishonest9.dishonest10.careful11.unhealthy12.unfair13.impossible【名词动词转换】1.Wearetryingtofindagoodtodealwiththeenvironmentalproblems.(solve)2.Intheend,wealldecidedtoacharitysaleforthesickpeople.(organization)3.Theboyissogoodwiththe______ofcolors.(choose)（2020奉贤二模）4.Beforethesunrose.theold_________wenttotheseatolookforthelostboatagain.(fish)5.Allofthetrousersarewelldesigned,andIdon’tknowwhichoneto__________.(choice)6.Don'tworry.You’ll________theproblemwithoursupportandhelp.(solution)7.Thesuspectisstillmissingandthereisnorecordofhis________yet.(die)8.WHOisoneofthemostimportantinternationalintheworld.(organize)9.IoughttoreadtheinstructionsbeforeI________thisrobotsweeper.(operation)10.Becauseofthetrafficjams,Imissedthe________oftheperformance.(begin)11.Weshouldliketo_________youtogiveusaspeechonhowtokeephealthy.(invitation)12.Theelevatorisoutof_________rightnow,sowehavetowalkupstairs.(serve)13.Studieshaveshownpeoplesshort-term____________becomesworsewhentheygetolder.(memorize)14.Thecompanyofferedanumberofchancesforteachers’professional________.(develop)15.It'shardto_______whetherIshouldgooutingorstayathomethisweekend.(decision)16.Thenewly-builtmuseumis______inthecentreofourcity.(location)17.Thesupermarketnearourneighborhoodselldifferentkindsofmeat______.(produce)18.Thepolicearelookingforeverypossibleclueto________themurdercase.(solution)19.MyfamilyhadatriptoYunnanlastsummertothebeautifulscenerythere.(joy)20.Thecompanyhadnowaybuttoitsproductsinalowerprice.(sale)21.Intheholiday,Lindalovestosomebreadandcakesforthefamily.(baker)Key:1.solution2.organize3.choice4.fisherman5.choose6.solve7.death8.organizations9.operate10.beginning11.invite12.service13.memory14.development15.decide16.located17.products18.solve19.enjoy20.sell21.bake【动词形容词转换】1.LastnightIhadacupofcoffeeinStarbucks,andthenIfoundithardtofall________.(sleep)2.Eatingvegetablesandexercisingregularlycanustoliveahealthylife.(able)3.Studyingonlinewithourteachersduringthewinterholidayswillbeanexperienceinourlife.(forget)4.Everybodycanlearnsomethingnewto________hisownlife.(rich)5.Thepaperboxis______.Youmaythrowitaway.(use)6.It’s________oftheladyatthetouristofficetogivemesometipsonwheretovisit.(help)7.Mikecould________themoodfromnervoustorelaxedinafewminutes.(changeable)8.Thebigsmileonmyteacher'sfaceshowsthatheisquite______withourwork.(satisfy)9.Thecompanyoffersmoretimeoffandpaytosomeoneexperienced.(attract)10.Mymotherhasbecomeveryandconfusedthesedays.(forget)11.Theoldmanwaslyingonthefloorwithoutanybodyaround,feeling________.(help)12.Tostay_______,thosehungrypeoplehadtoeatgrassroots.(live)13.Ithinkonlinelearningisreally.It’safunnierwayoflearning.(enjoy)14.Onlyteamworkwillustogetthejobdoneontime.(able)15.Weallthinkadriverisadangertothepublic.(care)Key:1.asleep2.enable3.unforgettable4.enrich5.useless6.helpful7.change8.satisfied9.attractive10.forgetful11.helpless12.alive13.enjoyable14.enable15.careless【形容词副词转换】1.Successinstudydependsonone’sownefforts.(main)2.Theparentswerethankfulto