安徽省十校联盟2022-2023学年高二年级下册开年考英语试题（解析版）

安徽省十校联盟2021级高二下学期开年考

英语试题

本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。请在答题卡上作答。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whafsthedateofthewoman'sbirthday?

A.March15th.B.March13th.C.March7th.

2.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?

A.Ataxidriver.B.Awaiter.C.Aconductor.

3.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?

A.Tothepolicestation.B.Tothetownhall.C.Tothesupermarket.

4.Whatarethespeakersprobablygoingtodofirst?

A.Goswimming.B.Gowater-skiing.C.Lookatthemap.

5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Intheoffice.B.Athome.C.Onthebus.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherpassport?

A.Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.

B.Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.

C.Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.

7.Whydoesthemanaskthewomantohurry?

A.Theplaneistakingoffsoon.

B.Therearemanythingstopack.

C.Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatdoestheschoolcollect?

A.Schoolbags.B.Newspapers.C.Waterbottles.

9.Whafstheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Colleagues.B.Couples.C.Teacherandstudent.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.What'swrongwiththecamera?

A.Thepacking.B.Theflash.C.Thephoto.

11.Whatdoesthemandecidetodowiththecamera?

A.Changeit.B.Haveitfixed.C.Returnit.

12.Whoisthewomanmostlikelytobe?

A.Atechnician.B.Aphotographer.C.Asaleswoman.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Wheredoesthemancomefrom?

A.Houston.B.SanFrancisco.C.SouthernCalifornia.

14.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?

A.Theyarefreshmen.

B.Theyhavethesamemajor.

C.Theyarefromthesamestate.

15.Whichschoolarethespeakersinnow?

A.Austin.B.Berkeley.C.Stanford.

16.Whatdoesthewomanmajorin?

A.Politicalscience.B.Englishliterature.C.Electricengineering.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Howcanpeoplefindapartmentstorentaccordingtothetext?

A.BysurfingtheInternet.

B.Bypostingnoticesaround.

C.Byreadingthelocalnewspaper.

18.Whatshouldwepaybesidesthefirstmonth'srent?

A.Waterandelectricity.B.Theadvertisementcost.C.Someextramoney.

19.Whatshouldwedobeforesigningarentalagreement?

A.Makesurethatthehouseisingoodorder.

B.Readcarefullyandfullyunderstandtheagreement.

C.Writedownthequestionsthatwedon'tunderstand.

20.Howmanytipsdoesthespeakeroffer?

A.4.B.5.C.6.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Somanystories,solittletime.Ourfavoritebookclubsforkidswillensurethatyourkidisreadingthecoolest

picksonthebestsellerlistandbeyond!

BookCulture

Thiscommunitybookstoregoesaboveandbeyondtomakeitselfadestinationforreadingandplayingalike.In

additiontoitsinvitingchildren'sroompackedwithpuzzles,artsupplies,clothingandtoys,thestoreattractskids

withitsweekendstorytellingsessions（一段时间），oftenfeaturingguestappearancesbyauthorspopularwithkids.

ThaliaKidsBookClub

Kidsstayinclosetouchwithbest-sellingauthorsandparticipateinwritingworkshopsandliterarycampsaround

thecity.Inthepast,campershavemetwithbignameslikeNortonJuster（ThePhantomTbllboth）andRebeccaStead

（WhenYouReachMe）.CamprunsJuly14—Aug8,Mon—Fri,9am~~4pm.One-weeksession$675.Ages9to13.

Dimenna'sChildren'sHistoryMuseum

Thisnew18,000square-footspaceisperfectforthosewhocan'tresistgoodbooks,includingnewreleases,

smallpresscollections,translatedworksandmore.Butthebookshopisnotjustaplacetomakepurchases.The160-

seatauditorium,readingroomandclassroomspacewillwelcomebookloversforawidevarietyofevents.Allages.

TheCenterforFiction

Inanefforttoaddapersonaltouchtoreading,this18,000square-footspaceoffersitsowntakeonabookclub

forschoolsinthearea-completelyfreeofcharge.Readersareinvitedtomeettheauthorsthey'vebeenreadingin

class,askquestionsandlearnaboutthestoriesinawelcomingenvironment.

1.Whichisthebestchoiceforakidenjoyinglisteningtostories?

A.BookCulture.

B.ThaliaKidsBookClub.

C.Dimenna'sChildren'sHistoryMuseum.

D.TheCenterforFiction.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutNortonJusterandRebeccaSteadfromthetext?

A.Theyarefondofgoingcamping.

B.Theyarelikelytobefamousauthors.

C.TheyarefoundersofThaliaKidsBookClub.

D.TheyareregularvisitorstoThaliaKidsBookClub.

3.WhatmakesTheCenterforFictionespeciallyappealingtobooklovers?

A.Itcombinesreadingandplaying.

B.Itoffersfreebookstobooklovers.

C.Ithasalargenumberofbooks.

D.Itenableskidstocommunicatewiththeirfamiliarauthors.

【答案】l.A2.B3.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文，给喜欢读书的孩子们介绍了几家图书俱乐部。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据BookCulture"书籍文化"部分第二句"Inadditiontoitsinvitingchildren'sroom,packed

withpuzzles,artsupplies,clothingandtoys,thestoreattractskidswithitsweekendstorytellingsessions（一段时|间）,

oftenfeaturingguestappearancesbyauthorspopularwithkids.（除了充满益智游戏、艺术用品、服装和玩具的

儿童房，该店还举办了周末讲故事活动，经常邀请受孩子欢迎的作家客串，吸引孩子们。）”可知，这家书

店邀请作家讲故事，因此喜欢听故事的孩子可以选择此地。故选A项。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。根据ThaliaKidsBookClub"Thalia孩子图书俱乐部”部分一二句"Kidsstayinclosetouchwith

best-sellingauthorsandparticipateinwritingworkshopsandliterarycampsaroundthecity.Inthepast,campers

havemetwithbignameslikeNortonJuster（ThePhantomTollboth）andRebeccaStead（WhenYouReachMe）.（孩

子们与畅销书作家保持密切联系，并参加城市各地的写作研讨会和文学营。在过去，露营者曾遇到过诺

顿•贾斯特（NortonJuster）（《幽灵托尔伯特》）和丽贝卡•斯蒂德（RebeccaStead）（《当你接近我》）这样

的大人物。）”可知，这两个人都是著名作家。故选B项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据TheCenterforFiction"小说中心”部分最后一句uReadersareinvitedtomeettheauthors

they'vebeenreadinginclass,askquestionsandlearnaboutthestoriesinawelcomingenvironment.（读者被邀请

在课堂上与他们阅读过的作者见面，提问，并在欢迎的环境中了解故事。）”可知，在这里读者能够和作者

交流沟通。故选D项。

B

AndreaMartinez,a21-year-oldlawstudentattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexico,hasbeen

admittedasthecountry'sfirstfemalecollegefootball（橄榄球）player.WhenMartineztriedoutfortheteam,she

assumedtheschoolhadawomen'steamwhereshemightbeplaced,butwastoldshewouldbeplayingalongsidethe

men.

Martmezgotherstartasasoccerplayerbeforetryingoutfortheuniversity'sfootballteamaftertheypostedan

opencallforkickers.Martinezwasn'touttoplayfootballspecifically,butsawthatshecouldapplyhertalentsasa

soccerplayertoanewgame.t6ThedecisionImadewastotryanewsport.Nothingelse,“shesaid."Iwasveryhappy

whenIheardthenewsthatIhadbeenthegirlselected.^^

Martinezisnottheonlysoccerplayerturningtofootball,especiallyasitbecomesmorepopularthroughoutthe

country.Itisestimatedthatthereareabout48millionfootballfansinMexicoandthenumbersaregrowing.Martmez

isalsonotthefirstfemalecollegefootballkicker,althoughsheisthefirstoneinMexico.In1997,LizHeaston

becamethefirstwomanintheUStoplaythatpositiononacollegeteam.However,AshleyMartinwasthefirst

womantoscoreapointasakickerin2001.

ItwasneverMartinez'sintentiontobecomefamous,butthafsexactlywhathashappened.Sofar,Martinezhas

donemorethan80interviewsandhasseenherselfonthecoverofeverymajornewspaperinthecountryandeven

onnationaltelevision,ararity（罕见的事）foranycollegefootballplayer.

“Therearelittlegirlsandboyswhocomeandaskmeforaphotoorcomeupandsayverynicewordstome,“

shesaid."It'sthemostsatisfyingthingFveeverfelt,realizingthatperhapsI'minspiringthemalittle.^^

4.WhatdoweknowaboutAndreaMartinezfromthetext?

A.Shehasscoredapointasakicker.

B.Shealwaysplayswithmenplayers.

C.Shestartedbyplayingfootball.

D.SheisafootballkickerinMexico.

5.WhatwasAndreaMartinez'sexpectationwhentryingoutforthefootballteam?

A.Toplayalongsidethemen.

B.Tojointhewomen'sfootballteam.

C.Towinthechampionship.

D.Tobereportedinmajornewspapers.

6.WhydidAndreaMartinezdecidetoturntofootball?

A.Shewasboredwithplayingsoccer.

B.She'dliketotryadifferentsport.

C.Shehopedtoproveherselfasakicker.

D.Shepreferredfootballtosoccer.

7.WhatwasitthatmadeAndreaMartinezverysatisfied?

A.SheisfamousalloverMexico.

B.Sheisadmiredbyothers.

C.Shehasagoodinfluenceonothers.

D.Sheencouragesgirlstoplayfootball.

【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了墨西哥第一位女大学生橄榄球运动员一一21岁的AndreaMartinez的

事迹。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Martinezisalsonotthefirstfemalecollegefootballkicker,althoughsheisthefirst

oneinMexico.（Martinez并不是第一个女大学生橄榄球运动员，尽管她是墨西哥第一个。）“可知，Andrea

Martinez是墨西哥的橄榄球运动员。故选D项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenMartineztriedoutfortheteam,sheassumedtheschoolhadawomen'steam

whereshemightbeplaced,butwastoldshewouldbeplayingalongsidethemen.（当Martinez参力口球队选拔时，

她以为学校有一个女子球队，她可能会被安排在那里，但她被告知她将和男子一起比赛。）”可知，Andrea

Martinez在为球队选拔时的期望是加入女子球队。故选B项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据二段中“ThedecisionImadewastotryanewsport.（我做的决定是尝试一项新的运动。）”

可知，因为AndreaMartinez想尝试一种不同的运动，所以她决定由足球转向橄榄球。故选B项。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It'sthemostsatisfyingthingFveeverfelt,realizingthatperhapsI'minspiring

themalittle.（这是我感受到的最满意的事情，意识到我可能会对他们有所激励。）”可知，使AndreaMartinez

非常满意的是对别人有很好的影响。故选C项。

C

TheOkapiWildlifeReserve,locatedintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,isaUNESCOWorldHeritage

Siteandhometoone-sixthoftheremainingwildokapiintheworld.Itprotectsmanyotherwildlifespeciesaswell

asone-fifthoftheIturiforest.Butdespiteitsstatus,thereserveisunderthreatfromhumanactivities.

Mining,deforestation（森林破坏），andillegalhuntingareallthreateningthereserve,andcriminalshave

murderedseveralpeople,includingforestguards,since2012.Forestlossisexpandingrapidly.In2020,themost

deforestationintheOkapiWildlifeReservesincerecordsbeganin2002wasrecordedviasatellitedata.Since2002,

theareahaslostabout7%ofitstotalforestcover.Mostrecently,satellitedatashowsdeforestationalongtheIturi

Riverinlate2021,likelyfromillegalgoldmining.

“Minersareactuallyeatingthereserveoutofitswildlifebyhuntinganimalsforfood.Thereisalmostno

wildlifeleftaroundthemineitself,andwildlifenumbersaregreatlyreducedaroundminingtowns,“saidJohn

Lukas,co-founderoftheOkapiConservationProject.

Protectingthereserveisimportantfortheendangeredokapiandotherwildlifethatcalltheregionhome,but

preservingthearea'sforestsisofparticularsignificanceindealingwithclimatechange.

“TheforestsofCongo,morethanforestsintheAmazonandinAsia,storecarbonevenintimesofdroughtand

risingtemperatures,9,explainedLukas.'"Preservingtheforestsnotonlyprovideshabitatsforokapi,elephantsand

chimpanzeesbutgiveshumanstimetoadjustoursourceofenergytobemoresustainableandcarbonneutral（碳中

和）.HopefullytheWesternworldwillfinanciallysupportthecountriesoftheCongobasintovaluetheirforestsas

sourcesoflifeandnotjustakindofgoodstobesold.,,

8.WhathappenedtotheforestsintheOkapiWildlifeReserve?

A.Forestguardshunting.

B.Miningviasatellites.

C.About7%forestlossin21years.

D.One-fifthofwildanimalsleaving.

9.Whyhassomuchwildlifedisappearedaroundthemines?

A.Becauseofbeingkilledforfood.

B.Becauseofthehightemperature.

C.Becauseofnohabitat.

D.Becauseofthedeadlydiseases.

10.Whyisitparticularlyimportanttoprotecttheforestsinthereserve?

A.Goldminesareintheforests.

B.Theforestsaffectclimate.

C.Theforestsarehometowildspecies.

D.Agoodlifecanbeledbysellingtrees.

11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.CurrentsituationoftheOkapiWildlifeReserve

B.GoldminesfoundintheOkapiWildlifeReserve

C.ProtectingthewildlifeintheOkapiWildlifeReserve

D.EndangeredOkapireservethreatenedbyhumanactivities

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。刚果民主共和国的霍加被野生动物保护区是霍加被和众多野生动物的避难

所，但近年来，这些野生动物正受到采矿、偷猎、砍伐森林等人类活动的威胁。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Since2002,theareahaslostabout7%ofitstotalforestcover.Mostrecently,

satellitedatashowsdeforestationalongtheIturiRiverinlate2021,likelyfromillegalgoldmining.（自2002年以

来，该地区的森林覆盖面积已经减少了约7%。）”可知，自2002年以来，即21年中，该地区的森林覆盖

面积减少了约7%。故选C项。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段"'Minersareactuallyeatingthereserveoutofitswildlifebyhuntinganimalsforfood.

Thereisalmostnowildlifeleftaroundthemineitself,andwildlifenumbersaregreatlyreducedaroundmining

towns/saidJohnLukas,co-founderoftheOkapiConservationProject.（'矿工们通过猎杀动物来获取食物，实

际上是在消耗保护区的野生动物。矿井周围几乎没有野生动物，采矿城镇周围的野生动物数量大大减

少，'霍加被保护项目的联合创始人约翰•卢卡斯说。）”可推知，造成金矿周围野生动物灭绝的原因是矿

工们猎捕它们当做食物。故选A项。

[10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段"Protectingthereserveisimportantfortheendangeredokapiandotherwildlifethat

calltheregionhome,butpreservingthearea'sforestsisofparticularsignificanceindealingwithclimate

change.（保护保护区对濒临灭绝的霍加被和其他以该地区为家的野生动物很重要，但保护该地区的森林对

应对气候变化尤为重要。）”可推知，森林保护对改善气候有利，故选B项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其文章首段“TheOkapiWildlifeReserve,locatedintheDemocraticRepublicof

theCongo,isaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandhometoone-sixthoftheremainingwildokapiintheworld.It

protectsmanyotherwildlifespeciesaswellasone-fifthoftheIturiforest.Butdespiteitsstatus,thereserveis

underthreatfromhumanactivities.（位于刚果民主共和国的霍力口皮野生动物保护区是联合国教科文组织的世

界遗产，世界上仅存的野生霍加皮有六分之一生活在这里。它保护着许多其他野生物种以及五分之一的伊

图里森林。但尽管它的地位，保护区正受到人类活动的威胁）”点明主题，全文都是围绕“霍加被保护区受

到人类活动的威胁”这个主题展开，D项“EndangeredOkapireservethreatenedbyhumanactivities（濒危的

霍加被保护区受到人类活动的威胁）”最符合作本文标题。故选D项。

D

Lifeexpectancy（寿命）inAfricarosebynearly10yearsinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,accordingto

theWorldHealthOrganization."'Thisriseisgreaterthaninanyotherregionoftheworldduringthesameperiod,9,

theWHOsaid.

Intheyear2019theaverageAfricancouldexpecttolivetobe56.However,thatisstillwellbelowtheglobal

averageof64years.WHOofficialLindiweMakubalowarnedthelifeexpectancygainscouldeasilybelostunless

countriesstrengthenandmakegreaterinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofhealthcaresystems.

MakubalosaidAfricahasmadeagoodstartoverthepasttwodecades.Onaverage,shesaid,accesstoessential

serviceslikebasichealthcareimprovedto46%in2019comparedwith24%in2000.“Otherfactorsinclude

improvementsinreproductive,newbornandchildhealthcare,aswellasadvancesinfightinginfectious（传染的）

diseases,suchasTB,malariaandHIV”

Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases,thereportfoundhealthservices

fornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging.Itsaysthegreatriseindiabetes,cancerandothernon-infectiousdiseases

couldjeopardize（危害）healthgainsifthoseconditionscontinuetobeignored.

ThereportsaystheCOVID-19outbreakhasbroughtaboutgreaterdamagestoessentialhealthservicesinAfrica

comparedtootherregionsoftheworld,whichmightaffecthealthylifeexpectancy.

“Itisimportantthatsignificantimprovementsaremadeinhealthservices,andgovernmentsensurequality,equal

andaccessibleservicesforall/Makubalosaid.

Accordingtothereport,someprogresshasbeenmadeinachievinguniversalhealthcoverage,butitisfarfrom

enough.Healthofficialssayoneofthekeymeasurestoimproveaccesstohealthservicesisforgovernmentsto

increasetheirpublichealthbudgets.That,theysay,wouldreducethehugeout-of-pocketexpensesbyfamiliesthat

arepushingmillionsofpeopleintopoverty.

12.WhatwastheaveragelifeexpectancyofpeopleinAfricain2000?

A.46.B.54.C.56.D.64.

13.WhichcontributedtoAfricans5lifeexpectancyriseaccordingtothetext?

A.Plentyoffoodsupplies.

B.Improvementinbasichealthservices.

C.Easieraccesstocleandrinkingwater.

D.Progressinfightingagainstnon-infectiousdiseases.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lagging“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Unique.B.Independent.C.Informal.D.Underdeveloped.

15.WhafsWHO'sattitudetowardsAfrica'spresentsituation?

A.Positive.B.Uncertain.C.Concerned.D.Pessimistic.

【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织的一项评估报告显示，2000年至2019年间，非洲区域的人均预

期寿命平均提高了近10岁，这一增幅高于同期世界任何其他地区。报告同时提醒，新冠疫情的破坏性影响

以及非传染性疾病卫生服务的滞后可能会威胁到这些巨大的进步。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段第一句"Lifeexpectancy（寿命）inAfricarosebynearly10yearsinthefirsttwo

decadesofthiscentury,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization4根据世界卫生组织的数据，本世纪头20

年，非洲人的预期寿命提高了近10岁。）”和第二段第一句uIntheyear2019,theaverageAfricancould

expecttolivetobe56.（2019非洲人的平均预期寿命为56岁。）”可知，2000年非洲人的平均寿命为46

岁。故选A。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“MakubalosaidAfricahasmadeagoodstartoverthepasttwodecades.Onaverage,

shesaid,accesstoessentialserviceslikebasichealthcareimprovedto46%in2019comparedwith24%in2000.

"Otherfactorsincludeimprovementsinreproductive,newbornandchildhealthcare,aswellasadvancesinfighting

infectious（传染的）diseases,suchasTB,malariaandHIV.^Makubalo说，非洲在过去20年有了一个良好的开

端。她说，平均而言，获得基本医疗保健等基本服务的人数从2000年的24%提高到2019年的46%。'其

他因素包括生殖、新生儿和儿童保健的改善，以及在防治结核病、疟疾和艾滋病毒等传染病方面的进

展。'）”可知，基本医疗保健方面的改善使非洲人均寿命得到了提高。故选B。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词所在句“Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectious

diseases,thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging.（虽然在预防和治疗传染性疾病

方面取得了进展，但报告发现，非传染性疾病的卫生服务lagging。）”分析可知，while引导的从句

“Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases（尽管在预防和治疗传染病方面取

得了进展）”，为让步状语从句，while意思是“虽然，尽管"，表示转折对比；主句"thereportfound

healthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging”中的划线词lagging的意思与从句中“progresshasbeen

made”表达的意思相反，表示"落后的"，与underdeveloped意思一致。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中“WHOofficialLindiweMakubalowarnedthelifeexpectancygainscouldeasilybe

lostunlesscountriesstrengthenandmakegreaterinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofhealthcaresystems.（世卫组织

官员LindiweMakubalo警告说，除非各国加强并加大对发展卫生保健系统的投资，否则预期寿命的增长很

容易丧失。）"、ME®；^ThereportsaystheCOVID-19outbreakhasbroughtaboutgreaterdamagestoessential

healthservicesinAfricacomparedtootherregionsoftheworld,whichmightaffecthealthylifeexpectancy.（报告

称，与世界其他地区相比，COVID-19疫情对非洲基本卫生服务造成了更大的损害，这可能会影响健康预

期寿命。）”以及最后一段“Accordingtothereport,someprogresshasbeenmadeinachievinguniversalhealth

coverage,butitisfarfromenough.Healthofficialssayoneofthekeymeasurestoimproveaccesstohealth

servicesisforgovernmentstoincreasetheirpublichealthbudgets.That,theysay,wouldreducethehugeout-of-

pocketexpensesbyfamiliesthatarepushingmillionsofpeopleintopoverty.（报告指出，在实现全民健康覆盖方

面取得了一些进展，但这还远远不够。卫生官员说，改善卫生服务的关键措施之一是政府增加公共卫生预

算。他们说，这将减少家庭的巨额自付支出，而这些支出正使数百万人陷入贫困。）”可知，世界卫生组织

高度评价过去二十年里非洲取得的巨大进步，但对非洲未来卫生健康方面也有许多担忧，特别是对新冠疫

情对非洲的影响、政府投资不足等方面。故选C。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Trytopicturetheworldbeforerefrigerators.Thatmaybedifficult!16Theymayalsohelpstore

leftoversthereafterdinner.Yes,lifetodaywouldbequitedifferentwithoutrefrigerators.Howdidpeoplekeeptheir

foodfreshbeforethesemachineswerearound?

17Incoldareas,ancientpeoplecouldfreezetheirfood.Theycouldthenstoreitiniceandsnow.

Warmerplacesallowedfordryingfoodinsunlight.Expertssaytheseearlypracticesgavepeopletheoptiontosettle

andformcommunities.

OneadvancedmethodoffoodstoragearoseinPersiaaround400BC.Peopletherestoredfoodinstructures

calledYakhchal,whichwerebuildingsmadefrommudbricktokeepicefrozenduringeventhewarmestsummer

months.DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplestoredmeatbysaltingorsmokingit.18Thesefoodscouldthen

bestoredincoolplaces,likecaves,allowingpeopletosavefoodfordifficulttimes.

Later,buildingscalledicehousesoricepitswerebuiltupontheideaoftheYakhchal.Suchicehouseswerevery

commonbythe1800s.Attheendofthe19thcentury,manypeoplekepttheirfoodfreshiniceboxesmadeofwood.

19Icedeliverybusinessesgrewwithmorehomesrequiringicetostorefood.

Bythe1930s,manypeoplewereusingelectricrefrigeratorstokeepfoodfresh.20Manyrefrigerators

todaycomewithbuilt-inicemakers.Somepeopleevenchoosesmartrefrigeratorsthatcanhelpthemwithmealplans

andgroceryshopping.

A.Theywouldalsodrymanyfoods,includinggrains.

B.Thesecontainersheldlargeblocksoficetokeepfoodcool.

C.Nooneknowsforsurehowpeoplefirstlearnedtostorefood.

D.Afterall,kidstodayareusedtograbbingasnackfromthefridgeafterschool.

E.Sincethen,growthintechnologyhasledthesemachinestobecomemoreadvanced.

F.Withnomeanstostorefood,ancientpeopleoftenwenthungryorevendied.

G.Actually,peoplefounddifferentwaystokeeptheirfoodfreshthousandsofyearsago.

【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.B20.E

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同时期人们保存食物的方法。

【16题详解】

上文"Trytopicturetheworldbeforerefrigerators.Thatmaybedifficult!（试着想象一下冰箱之前的世界。这可

能很难！）”说明冰箱出现之前的世界很难，D项“毕竟，今天的孩子们已经习惯了放学后从冰箱里拿零

食。”解释说明为什么很难想象没有冰箱的世界，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。

【17题详解】

下文“Incoldareas,ancientpeoplecouldfreezetheirfood.Theycouldthenstoreitiniceandsnow.Warmer

placesallowedfordryingfoodinsunlight」在寒冷地区，古人可以冷冻食物。然后，他们可以将其储存在冰雪

中。更温暖的地区允许在阳光下使食物变干）”说明古人保存食物的方法，G项“事实上，几千年前，人们

发现了不同的方法来保持食物新鲜。”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。

【18题详解】

上文“DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplestoredmeatbysaltingorsmokingit.（在中世纪，人们通过腌制或烟熏来

储存肉类）”说明中世纪的人们储存肉类的方法，以及下文"Thesefoodscouldthenbestoredincoolplaces,

likecaves,allowingpeopletosavefoodfordifficulttimes.（这些食物可以被储存在凉爽的地方，比如洞穴，这

样人们就可以为困难时期保存食物）”说明有些食物可以储存在凉爽的地方，A项“他们也会烘干许多食

物，包括谷物。”与上文并列，举例说明人们储存食物的方法，并引出下文，符合题意。故选A。

【19题详解】

上文“Attheendofthe19thcentury,manypeoplekepttheirfoodfreshiniceboxesmadeofwood.（19世纪末，

许多人把食物放在木制的冰箱里保鲜）”说明19世纪末，人们使用木制的冰箱保存食物，B项中These

containers指代上文中的iceboxes,B项”这些容器装有大块冰块以保持食物的凉爽。”承接上文，符合题

意。故选B。

【20题详解】

上文"Bythe1930s,manypeoplewereusingelectricrefrigeratorstokeepfoodfresh.（至!j了20世纪30年代，许

多人都在使用冰箱来保持食物新鲜）”说明人们开始使用冰箱保存食物，以及下文“Manyrefrigeratorstoday

comewithbuilt-inicemakers.Somepeopleevenchoosesmartrefrigeratorsthatcanhelpthemwithmealplansand

groceryshopping」现在许多冰箱都配有内置制冰机。有些人甚至选择智能冰箱，可以帮助他们制定用餐计

划和购买食品杂货）”说明冰箱变得更加先进智能，E项中thesemachines指代上文中的electric

refrigerators,E项“从那时起，技术的发展使这些机器变得更加先进。”承上启下，符合题意。故选E。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最

佳选项。

AndrewChiltonwasdiagnosedwithautism（自闭症）atageeight.Therewasalotto21.Wouldhe

everhaveajob?Live22?Doctorsandschoolofficials23thatAndrewmightnotevengraduate

fromhighschool.

Andrew'sfamilywoulddoanythingforhim.ChristyChachere,theboy'spersonalcareattendant,sawthe

24rightaway."Youhavetolethim25Jshetoldthefamily.4<Ifsthe26wayheleams

todothingsonhisown.^^

NolongerwouldAndrew'smotherwritehispapers.Hisyoungerbrotherwouldn't27himtooperate

thecomputer.Christywouldn'thelphimwithhomeworkeither.

Andrew28loudlyattimes.ButthenwhatChristyexpectedbeganto29.Andrewwould

comehomefromschool,getasnackandstartonhishomework.Christywas30there.Shewouldn't

dohispapersforhim.Butsheshowedhimhowtogetorganized.Bestofall,Christyoffered31once

hisworkwasdone.She'd32himtoastorewherehecouldbuyPokemoncards.Tothemovies.Or

outtoeathisfavoritefood.

ChristyhasbeenwithAndrewfo