2021-2022江西中考英语复习课件 5.题型三 阅读理解-还原短文型阅读理解40

题型三

阅读理解——还原短文型阅读理解分析江西近10年中考真题可知，此题型的命题特点如下表：文体说明文：2021-2015,2012

记叙文：2014

应用文：2013话题事物介绍：2020,2017~2015

观点看法：2021,2019,2018普通人物故事：2014,2013

咨询建议：2012词数184~317设空位置段首：0-3

段中：1~5

段尾：0~2还原短文型阅读理解主要考查考生对文章的主旨大意、整体结构及上下文逻辑意义的理解,

要求考生根据短文结构和内容,

从方框中所给的七个选项选择五个还原到短文中,

从而使短文语意通顺、结构完整。解题步骤：解答还原短文型阅读理解时,

考生可遵循以下步骤：步骤一：快速阅读文章和选项,

了解文章主旨大意步骤二：分析备选项根据每一个选项的句式和语义内涵,分析其语用功能以及前后应该对应的逻辑关系，并标识出选项中的关键词。拓展根据句子功能将选项分为三类：陈述句、祈使句和疑问句。1.

陈述句可分为两类：（1）表达“观点”,

说明说话人对客观对象的主观评价。如：Staying

up

late

is

harmful

to

our

health.

这句话意为：熬夜对我们的健康有害。关键词为：Staying

up

late;

harmful

to

health。据此可知该句后可能会出现列举“熬夜带来的危害”的句子（如：Staying

up

late

will

increase

the

risk

of

getting

the

heart

disease.）。（2）列举事实,

支撑某个观点。如：Staying

up

late

will

increase

the

risk

of

getting

the

heart

disease.

这句话意为：熬夜会增加患心脏病的风险。关键词为：Staying

up;

increase

the

risk

of

getting

the

heart

disease。据此可知这句话的前面或后面可能会有表达“熬夜对健康/身体有害”这一观点的句子（如：Staying

up

late

is

harmful

to

our

health.）。2.

祈使句：给出“建议”；后接陈述的理由或具体做法。如：Drink

more

water.这句话意为：喝更多水。

关键词为：Drink

more

water。据此可知该句后可能会介绍“喝更多水”带来的好处（如：Drinking

more

water

can

help

you

lose

weight.）。3.

疑问句：用于提出问题或引出下文,

问句内容和后句形成句式照应。如：What

can

we

do

to

be

healthier?这句话意为：为了变得更健康，我们可以做什么?关键词为：do;

to

be

healthier。据此可知该句后或下段内容会是具体列举变得更健康的方法（如：Eating

more

vegetables

may

be

the

easiest

way

to

be

healthier.）。步骤三：结合空格处前后文的关键词及备选项选出答案分析每道题空格前后的内容,

找出关键词,

判断该空与前后内容的关系,

据此匹配每道题的恰当选项。步骤四：通读全文,

确定答案

答案初步填入空格后，还应带着所填答案再次通读全文,

作最后检查，此时应尤其注意未选的选项是否可选。真题探究（2021江西）The

Value

of

Negative

Results

We

all

avoid

failure（失败）,

and

most

of

us

fear

it.

However,

without

failure,

progress

would

be

impossible.

What

does

success

usually

come

after?

Failure.

It

seems

that

one

cannot

exist（存在）without

the

other.

Accepting

failure

is

not

easy

for

many,

though.

We

are

often

unwilling

to

accept

failure

because

our

professional

fame

depends

on

success.

73.__In

the

past

ten

years,

for

example,

some

scientific

magazines

have

published

reports

of

failed

tests.

It

is

believed

that

scientists

can

learn

from

“negative（负面的）”results

and

that

this

can

finally

lead

to

positive

results.F

74.__TheABNAMRObankstartedanInstitute（机构）ofBrilliantFailurestolearnmoreaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’tinbanking.Similarly,EliLillyandCompanyhadfailurepartiestostudythedrugs（药物）thatdon’twork.Infact,oneofthebusinessworld’smostfamousfailuresbecameoneofitsbiggestsuccesses,inpartbecausetheproduct’smakerslearnedfromtheirmistakes.75.__Theproduct,thoughunique（独特的）atthetime,wasexpensiveandheavy;besides,someofitsmostimportantfeatures（特点）didn’tworkproperly.Asaresult,itbecameoneofApple’sbiggestfailures,andin1998,thecompanystoppedsellingit.However,Apple’sCEO,SteveJobs,believedintheproductandhebegantofindoutwaysofimprovingit.Intime,thisledtotheproductionoftheiPhoneandtheiPad,twoofthecompany’smostsuccessfulproducts.DC

76.__Notonlyshouldwetrytolearnfromit;ifwewanttosucceed,wemustalsobepersistent（执着的）.ThoughApplestoppedsellingtheNewtonin1998,thefirstiPhonewasn’tavailableuntil2007.IttookalotofresearchandhardworktogofromtheAppleNewtontoiPhone,butintheend,theeffortbecamesuccessful.Allinall,thereisalotwecanlearnbystudyingmistakes.Perhapsthemostimportantlessonisthatfailureandsuccessaretwosidesofthesamecoin.77.__GAA.

One

truly

cannot

exist

without

the

other.B.

We

are

brave

enough

to

face

difficulties.C.

In

the

early

1990s,

Apple

created

a

phone

called

the

Apple

Newton.D.

The

business

world

already

understands

the

value

of

negative

results.E.

The

Apple

Newton

has

won

popularity

with

people

all

over

the

world.F.

However,

things

are

slowly

changing,

especially

in

business

and

science.G.

The

story

of

the

Apple

Newton

can

teach

us

an

important

lesson

about

failure.【方法点拨】步骤一：快速阅读文章和选项,

了解文章主旨大意通读全文可知本文以商界和科技圈为例，强调失败的重要性，最后得出了失败与成功是同一枚硬币的两面，两者相互依存的结论。步骤二：分析备选项A项：陈述句，句意为：一个真的不能脱离另一个而存在，是一个结论，关键词为：One，cannotexistwithouttheother，前文内容应提到两个不能分开存在的人或物。B项：陈述句，句意为：我们足够勇敢，可以面对困难，是一个结论。关键词为：facedifficulties。前文或者后文应有与（克服）困难相关的内容。C项：陈述句，句意为：20世纪90年代初，苹果公司发明了一款名为Apple

Newton的手机，介绍一个事实。关键词为：Apple，a

phone

called

the

Apple

Newton，后文内容应与Apple公司发明的名为Apple

Newton的手机有关。D项：陈述句，句意为：商界已经理解了负面结果的价值，是一个结论。关键词为：The

business

world，the

value

of

negative

results，后文内容应是介绍商界理解负面结果价值的例子。E项：陈述句，句意为：Apple

Newton手机已经赢得了全世界人民的欢迎，介绍了Apple

Newton手机取得的成果。关键词为：The

Apple

Newton，won

popularity

with

people，前文内容应是介绍受到人们欢迎的过程。F项：陈述句，句意为：然而，情况正在慢慢改变，特别是在商业领域和科学领域，是一个结论。关键词为：However，things，changing，in

business

and

science前文应是介绍一种现象/情况，后文介绍在商业领域和科学领域的变化，且前文介绍的情况与后文介绍的情况相反。G项：陈述句，句意为：Apple

Newton手机的故事可以给我们上关于失败的重要一课，是一个可以承上启下的句子。关键词为：The

story

of

the

Apple

Newton,

teach

us

an

important

lesson

about

failure，前文应是介绍Apple

Newton手机的故事，后文介绍人们从这件事中可以得到的教训。步骤三：结合空格处前后文的关键词及备选项选出答案74.D【解析】空格后内容介绍了一家银行和一家公司重视失败的例子，结合备选项及备选分析可知选D。75.C【解析】后文内容介绍苹果公司发明的一个产品及对它改进产品并取得成功的经历，所选句子应是介绍Apple公司发明了一款产品，名为Apple

Newton的手机，结合备选项及备选分析可知选C。73.【解析】前句介绍人们经常不愿意接受失败的现象，空格后内容介绍科技杂志刊登失败实验的案例，人们相信科学家可以从负面结果中学到一些东西，前后存在转折关系，结合备选项及备选分析可知选F。F76.G【解析】上一段介绍了苹果公司发明的Apple

Newton及对它改进产品并取得成功的故事，后文介绍了一个关于成功的道理：如果我们想要获得成功，不仅要从中学习，还要坚持不懈，结合备选项及备选分析可知选G。77.A【解析】前句介绍失败与成功是同一枚硬币的两面，与A选项二者相互依存衔接恰当，故选A。步骤四：通读全文,

确定答案

Passage

1

Do

you

know

the

reason

why

we

feel

tired

in

the

middle

of

a

class?

Maybe

you

would

say

it

is

because

the

teacher’s

class

is

boring.1.__Perhaps

this

is

something

you

have

not

paid

enough

attention

to

or

not

yet

noticed.

Purpose

of

sleep

2.__Sleep

helps

our

body

heal（修复）,

grow,

and

stay

healthy.

It

also

gives

us

energy,

so

we

can

be

active

all

day.

Doctors

and

health

scientists

say,

“When

you

close

your

eyes

and

need

to

rest,

sleep

is

just

the

very

best!”

This

is

more

than

advice.GC

Sleep

time

Enough

sleep

is

important

to

us.

How

much

sleep

do

we

need?

New-born

babies

sleep

most

of

the

time.They

can

sleep

20-22

hours

a

day.

Children

need

10-12

hours

of

sleep

a

day.

Teenagers

need

8-10

hours

of

sleep

a

day

because

they

need

lots

of

energy

to

grow

into

their

adult

bodies.

Grown-ups

usually

need

6-8

hours

of

sleep

to

keep

active.3.__That

is

why

old

people

sleep

less

than

young

people.

Interesting

factsF

Almost

everyone

has

their

dreams

while

they

sleep,

but

not

all

of

them

can

tell

their

dreams

clearly

when

they

wake

up.4.__More

surprisingly,

some

may

even

get

up

in

their

dreams

and

walk

around.

This

is

called

“sleepwalking”.

Are

you

a

sleepwalker?

Or,

is

there

a

sleepwalker

around

you?

5.__

It’s

not

just

people

that

love

to

snooze（打盹）.

In

fact,

many

animals

have

unusual

or

surprising

sleeping

habits.

Some

animals,

such

as

bears

and

hedgehogs,

sleep

all

through

winter.

The

swift

is

a

very

fast

bird

that

can

sleep

while

it

flies!

Cute

koalas

sleep

around

18

hours

a

day.

Giraffes

don’t

need

much

sleep

at

all.

They

usually

sleep

when

standing

up.DAA.

Sleepy

animalsB.

Clever

animalsC.

Why

do

we

need

sleep?D.

Some

people

talk

in

their

dreams.E.

Some

people

never

dream

while

they

sleep.F.

The

older

you

get,

the

less

sleep

you

will

need.G.

However,

the

real

reason

is

probably

that

we

don’t

have

enough

sleep.Passage

2

In

our

life,

many

people

like

exciting

sports.

Kite

surfing（冲浪）

is

a

kind

of

water

sport.

It’s

exciting

and

interesting.

It

began

in

the

1980s.

1.__It’s

also

known

as

kite

boarding,

and

as

fly

surfing

in

some

European

countries.

Kite

surfing

works

by

using

a

large

kite

to

pull

a

player

on

the

water.

2.__Now

it’s

becoming

easier

and

safer

because

of

the

safer

kite

design.

For

a

strong

person,

kite

surfing

can

be

a

very

fun

and

completely

exciting

sport.

3.__People

love

that

feeling.

That’s

why

it

becomes

more

and

more

popular.CBD

Compared

with

other

water

sports,

kite

surfing

is

easier

to

learn.4.__And

anybody

aged

from

13

to

65

can

learn

it.

It’s

not

expensive

to

get

the

equipment（装备）

for

kite

surfing.

The

equipment

costs

＄1,000

to

＄25,

000.

5.__With

the

development

of

its

equipment,

kite

surfing

is

becoming

even

safer.

After

some

training,

people

can

enjoy

the

exciting

sport

easily.

In

China,

Xiamen

is

the

only

place

that

has

the

kite

surfing

club,

which

provides

kite

surfing

training

and

equipment.

People

can

enjoy

its

excitement

and

challenging

feeling.FGA.

More

and

more

people

are

interested

in

sports.B.

At

first,

kite

surfing

was

a

difficult

and

dangerous

sport.C.

But

it

didn’t

get

popular

until

the

end

of

the

last

century.D.

It’s

just

like

skating

on

the

water

with

a

feeling

of

flying.E.

Lots

of

people

are

still

afraid

of

taking

part

in

this

kind

of

sport.F.

A

beginner

can

understand

how

to

play

with

5

to

10

hours

of

training.G.

The

cost

for

training

lessons

is

from

＄200

to

＄500

for

two

or

three

hours.Passage

3

Why

do

you

need

to

play

sports?

You

might

say,

“To

get

exercise.”

And

you

are

right.

To

have

fun?

That’s

true,

too.

But

there’s

more.

1.__According

to

the

Women’s

Sports

Foundation,

girls

who

play

sports

get

a

lot

more

than

just

fitness.

Girls

who

play

sports

do

better

in

school.C

You

might

think

that

sports

will

take

up

all

your

study

time.

But

research

shows

that

girls

who

play

sports

do

better

in

school

than

those

who

don’t.2.__Because

of

that,

active

girls

can

get

an

advantage

in

class.

Girls

who

play

sports

learn

teamwork

and

goal-setting（目标设定）

skills.

Sports

teach

valuable

life

skills.

When

you

work

with

coaches,

trainers,

and

teammates

to

win

games

and

achieve

goals,

you’re

learning

how

to

be

successful.3.__

Sports

are

good

for

girls’

health.

Besides

being

fit

and

keeping

a

healthy

weight,

girls

who

play

sports

have

fewer

chances

to

smoke.

And

later

in

life,

girls

who

exercise

have

fewer

risks

of

getting

serious

illnesses.FE

4.__

Girls

who

play

sports

feel

better

about

themselves.

Why?

Because

it

builds

up

confidence

when

they

know

they

can

practice,

improve,

and

achieve

their

goals.

Sports

are

also

feel-good

activities

because

they

help

girls

get

in

shape,

keep

a

healthy

weight,

and

make

new

friends,

and

they’ll

become

more

confident.

Exercise

cuts

the

pressure.

5.__How?

The

brain

chemicals

are

released（释放）

during

exercise

to

improve

a

person’s

mood.

Friends

are

another

mood-lifter.

And

being

on

a

team

creates

a

good

relationship

with

friends.

It

makes

you

feel

better

to

know

your

teammates

will

support

you

both

on

and

off

the

field!AGA.

Playing

sports

helps

girls

improve.B.

Exercise

improves

family

relationship.C.

In

fact,

there

are

at

least

5

more

reasons.D.

Sports

make

girls

thinner

and

more

beautiful.E.

Those

skills

will

serve

you

well

at

work

and

in

family

life.F.

Exercise

improves

learning,

memory,

and

concentration.G.

Playing

sports

can

reduce

stress

and

help

you

feel

a

little

happier.Passage

4

With

the

development

of

modern

technology,

people

can

choose

more

ways

to

do

reading.Paper

books

do

not

seem

as

important

as

before.

Electronic（电子的）

books

and

audio

digital（数字的）books

are

gradually

accepted

by

people.Especially

audio

digital

books

are

becoming

more

and

more

popular

these

days.What

are

the

reasons?1.__

The

first

favorite

place

of

many

people

is

in

bed

before

going

to

sleep.Many

people

like

to

just

lie

in

bed

in

the

dark

before

they

fall

asleep

at

night.This

would

be

the

perfect

time

to

listen

to

an

audio

digital

book.If

you

read

a

usual

book,

the

lights

have

to

be

turned

on

and

you

have

to

turn

the

pages

with

your

hand.2.__GE

3.__For

some

people,

kitchen

chores

are

boring.

Audio

digital

books

provide

good

entertainment,

and

people

don’t

need

to

turn

pages.Some

audio

digital

books

even

can

teach

people

how

to

cook.Doesn’t

that

sound

amazing?

An

audio

digital

book

is

a

favorite

while

a

person

is

gardening.It

can

help

take

a

person’s

mind

off

the

job

at

hand.4.__

An

audio

digital

book

is

a

favorite

while

a

person

is

exercising.5.__This

would

be

a

great

time

to

listen

to

these

books.FBDA.

What

books

are

very

useful?B.

It

can

be

fun

and

exciting

to

do

gardening

with

the

help

of

the

book.C.

The

second

favorite

place

to

listen

to

audio

digital

books

is

in

the

car.D.

It

allows

the

mind

to

be

free

while

the

legs,

body

and

arms

are

kept

busy.E.

An

audio

digital

book

can

just

be

listened

to

while

a

person

stays

comfortably

in

bed.F.

The

next

favorite

place

to

listen

to

audio

digital

books

would

be

in

the

kitchen.G.

One

of

them

is

that

audio

digital

books

can

be

“read”

in

many

places

comfortably.Passage

5

1.__

If

you

eat

in

front

of

your

computer,

sneeze（打喷嚏）

on

your

keyboard,

or

sit

down

to

surf

on

the

Internet

without

first

washing

your

hands,

your

keyboard

will

be

bad

for

your

health.2.__The

TV

remote

control（遥控器）

is

one

of

the

dirtiest

things.It

gets

dropped

on

the

floor,

is

put

on

the

sofa

and

everyone

in

the

house

holds

it.Scientists

found

that

about

half

of

the

tested

remote

controls

carry

the

cold

virus.FG

Don’t

forget

your

toothbrush.If

you

put

it

in

the

bathroom,

bacteria

released

by

flushing（冲）

the

toilet

may

pollute

your

toothbrush.3.__Try

to

keep

your

toothbrush

far

from

the

toilet.Make

sure

that

it

is

in

an

upright（直立的）

position

after

each

use.It’s

also

important

to

change

your

toothbrush

every

three

months.

4.__

At

home

The

kitchen

is

one

of

the

places

with

the

most

bacteria.

Dishcloths（抹布）

and

kitchen

sponges（海绵）

are

great

places

for

bacteria

since

they

are

always

wet

after

being

used.Try

to

make

them

dry.CD

At

school

When

you

put

your

schoolbag

on

the

floor

or

on

the

bus,

many

bacteria

can

live

on

the

bottom

of

it.Try

to

clean

your

schoolbag

often.

In

public

places

Escalator

handrails（电梯扶手），

shopping

cart

handles（购物车扶手）,

public

books

and

magazines

are

top

bacteria

carriers.That’s

why

the

first

thing

to

do

when

getting

home

is

washing

your

hands.

Yes,

bacteria

are

everywhere.But

don’t

be

too

afraid

to

touch

those

things.Most

bacteria

are

harmless.5.__It

is

the

most

useful

way

to

protect

yourself

from

bacteria

and

viruses.EA.

What

can

make

people

sick?B.

Toothbrushes

carry

many

bacteria.C.

You

can

find

ways

to

solve

this

problem.D.

Here

are

some

other

places

to

watch

out

for.E.

Just

remember

to

wash

your

hands

regularly.F.

Bacteria

can

live

everywhere,

even

in

some

unexpected

places.G.

According

to

the

US

National

Research

Center,

the

average

computer

carries

400

times

more

bacteria（细菌）

than

a

toilet

bowl

does.Passage

6

Songs

about

growing

up

Thousands

of

songs

about

growing

up

are

available（可得到的）.1.__While

listening

to

the

songs,

old

or

new,

teenagers

can

always

feel

themselves

or

understand

themselves.

Songs

about

being

a

teenager

Growing

up

isn’t

always

easy.

Teens

always

want

to

be

independent,

but

parents

have

a

hard

time

letting

go.

There

can

be

moments

of

worry,

uncertainty,

and

even

anger.2.__

Songs

about

teenagers’

fighting

for

dreamsEG

As

teenagers

grow,

they’re

likely

to

look

forward

to

the

day

when

they’ll

be

able

to

work

hard

to

achieve

their

dreams.3.__The

key

lyrics（歌词）

are

“I

have

a

dream,

a

song

to

sing.

To

help

me

cope（处理）

with

anything...

You

can

take

the

future

even

if

you

fail”.

This

song

has

encouraged

so

many

teenagers

to

fight

for

their

dreams.

Graduation

songs

4.__These

songs

are

perfect

for

graduation

parties

and

get-togethers

with

friends.

As

they

graduate,

they

can

sing

“Today

is

where

your

book

begins,

the

rest

is

still

unwritten...”BF

When

teenagers

grow

up,

they

find

childhood

is

a

bittersweet（苦乐参半的）

time.

They’ve

looked

forward

to

the

day

for

many

years

and

finally

it

is

here.5.__At

this

time,

listening

to

songs

about

the

sweet

days

of

childhood

can

always

make

them

relaxed.A.

Teenagers

can

find

themselves

in

different

songs.B.

The

Westlife’s

song

I

Have

A

Dream

is

well-known.C.

Pop

songs

are

usually

popular

among

young

students.D.

However,

they

may

not

be

sure

about

whether

they’re

ready

for

it.E.

They

can

always

get

a

response（反应）

from

teenagers

in

some

way.F.

Graduation

songs

usually

speak

of

the

joy

of

this

season

of

their

life.G.

Some

songs

speak

of

those

feelings

and

can

help

them

get

through

this

period.DPassage

7

Most

of

you

probably

know

about

IQ.It

is

the

short

way

of

saying

intelligence

quotient（智商）.IQ

describes