2024年高考英语第一轮复习：阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇

2024年高考英语第一轮复习

阅读理解说明文专项训练15篇

1.

Researchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,a

developmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.

UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthat

theycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroad

anddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.

Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetter

spatialandtemporal（时间的）coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon'tprovideaview

ofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.

“Ifwecollectandprocessmorehigh-resolution（高清）spatialinformationaboutwhafshappeningonthe

roads,thenplannerscouldbetterunderstandchangesindemand,effectivelyimprovingefficiencyinthebroader

transportationsystem,“saidKeithRedmill,leadauthorofthestudy.

“Ifwecanmeasuretrafficinawaythatisasgoodorbetterthanwhatisconventionallydonewithfixed

sensors,thenwewillhavecreatedsomethingincrediblyusefulextremelycheaply,9,hesaid.t4Ourgoalistostart

buildingasystemthatcoulddothiswithoutmuchmanualinterventionbecauseifyouwanttocollectthis

informationoverlotsofpotentialvehiclesandlotsoftime,ifsworthfullyautomatingthatprocess.^^

Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation（实施），thestudysuggeststhesystem'sresultsbearpromise

forthefutureofintelligenttrafficsuiveillance.Transportationplanners,engineersandoperatorsmakevital

decisionsaboutthefutureofourroadways,sowhendesigningtransportationsystemstoworkoverthenext30to

50years,it'snecessarythatwegivethemdatathatallowsthemtoimprovetheefficiencyofthesystemandthe

levelofserviceprovidedtotravelers.

1.Howcancamerasonbusesbenefittravelers?

A.Byshorteningtheirtraveltime.

B.Bymakingtheirschedulestight.

C.Bydecreasingtheirtransportcost.

D.Byimprovingtheirsafetyawareness.

2.Whatcanweknowaboutthesensorsplacedonbuses?

A.Theyprovidemorespatialcoverage.

B.Theycan'tdetectobjectsontheroad.

C.Theycoverlessviewoftheurbantraffic.

D.Theyaccuratelyrecordtheflowoftraffic.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"surveillance“inparagraph6mean?

A.Operation.B.Monitoring.C.Protection.D.Arrangement.

4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Transportationautomationisonitsway

B.Itistimetoimprovetheefficiencyoftrafficsystem

C.Transportationplannersusecamerastomakepolicies

D.Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic

2.

Whatarepillowsreallystuffedwith?Notphysically,butsymbolically?Thequestionoccurredtomewiththe

photosinthenewsandsocialmediafromthe50citiesaroundtheworldthatstagedpubliccelebrationsfor

InternationalPillowFightDay.Armedwithnothingmorethanbring-our-ownsacrificialcushions,strangersstruck

heavilyeachotherinplayfulfeatherfromAmsterdamtoAtlanta,WarsawtoWashingtonDC.Butwhy?Isthere

anythingmoretothisdelightfulcelebration?

Asaculturalsign,thepillowisdeceptivelysoft.Sinceatleastthe16thCentury,thehumblepillowhasbeen

givenunexpectedmeanings.TheChineseplaywrightTangXianzutellsafamousstoryaboutawisemanwho

meetsadepressedyoungscholarataninnandoffershimamagicpillowfilledwiththemostvividdreamsofa

seeminglymorefulfillinglife.Whentheyoungmanawakenstodiscoverthathishappy50-yeardreamhasinfact

comeandgoneintheshortspaceofanafternoon'snap,ourimpressionofthepillow'spowershiftsfromwonder

toterror.

Subsequentwritershavelikewiseseizeduponthepillow.Whenthe19th-CenturyEnglishnovelistCharlotte

Brontepoeticallyobserved"aruffled（不平的）mindmakesarestlesspillow”,shedidn'tjustchangetheexpected

orderoftheadjectivesandnouns,butinsteadshemadeuncleartheboundariesbetweenmindandmatter一the

thingrestingandthethingrestedupon.

IfsatrickperhapsBrontelearnedfromtheRenaissancephilosopherMontaigne,whoonceinsistedthat

“ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead”.OnMontaigne'sthinking,intelligenceand

happinessconfronteachotherforeverinapillowfightthatonlyonecanwin.

答案第2页，共34页

WiththewordsofTang.Bronte,andMontaigne,wecanperhapsmoreeasilymeasuretheattractionofthe

globalpillowfight.Likearitualofrelease,theannualinternationalpillowfightamountstoakindofcleansing,a

brushingoffofdailyworries:anemptyingoftheworld'scollectivemind.Ratherthanalaunch-padforweightless

rest,thepillowisasymbolofheavythought:ananchorthatdragstheworld'ssouldown——onethatmustbe

lightened.

5.TheexampleofTangXianzuisusedtoillustratethat.

A.pillowsgivepeoplesatisfactorydreams

B.dreamsarealwayswonderfulwhiletherealworldiscruel

C.people'simpressionofpillowschangesfromwondertoterror

D.pillowssymbolicallyconveythemeaningincontrasttotheirsoftappearance

6.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatCharlotteBronte.

A.wrotepoemsaboutpillows

B.regardedpillowsasreflectionsofourminds

C.sharedthesameviewpointasTangXianzuonpillows

D.waslikelytohavebeeninfluencedbythethoughtsoftheRenaissance

7.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4''ignoranceisthesoftestpillowonwhichamancanresthishead”most

probablymeans.

A.pillowsgiveuscomfort

B.pillowsmakepeoplemoreintelligent

C.peoplewithtoomanythoughtshavelessinnerpeace

D.peoplecaneasilyfallasleepwhentheyknownothing

8.Accordingtotheauthor,whyisPillowFightDaysopopulararoundtheworld?

A.Becauseitisaritualrelease.

B.Becauseitmakeslifedelightful.

C.Becauseitcomfortsrestlessminds.

D.Becauseitcontainsaprofoundmeaningoflife.

3.

Weoftenthinkaboutrelationshipsonascalefrompositivetonegative.Wearedrawntolovingfamily

members,caringclassmatesandsupportivementors.Wedoourbesttoavoidthecrueluncle,theplaygroundbully

andthejerkboss.

Butthemosttoxicrelationshipsaren'tthepurelynegativeones.They'retheonesthatareamixofpositive

andnegative.Weoftencallthemfrenemies,supposedfriendswhosometimeshelpyouandsometimeshurtyou.

Butifsnotjustfriends.Ifsthein-lawswhovolunteertowatchyourkidsbutbelittleyourparenting.Themanager

whopraisesyourworkbutdeniesyouapromotion.

Everyoneknowshowrelationshipslikethatcantieyourstomachintoaknot.Butgroundbreakingresearch

ledbythepsychologistsBertUchinoandJulianneHolt-Lunstadshowsthatambivalent（矛盾情绪的）

relationshipscanbedamagingtoyourhealth——evenmorethanpurelynegativerelationships.

Ihadassumedthatwithaneighbororacolleague,havingsomepositiveinteractionswasbetterthanall

negativeinteractions.Butbeingcheeredonbythesamepersonwhocutsyoudowndoesn'treducethebad

feelings;itincreasesthem.Andit'snotjustinyourhead:Itleavesatraceinyourheartandyourblood.

Evenasingleambivalentinteractioncancauseharm.Inoneexperiment,peoplegaveimpromptuspeecheson

controversialtopicsinfrontofafriendwhoofferedfeedback.Theresearchershadrandomlyassignedthefriendto

giveambivalentornegativecomments.Receivingmixedfeedbackcausedhigherbloodpressurethanpure

criticism.wouldhavegoneaboutthetopicdifferently,butyou'redoingfine^^provedtobemoredistressing

than"Itotallydisagreewitheverythingyou'vesaid.^^

Theevidencethatambivalentrelationshipscanbebadforusisstrong,butthereasonscanbehardertoread

一justliketherelationshipsthemselves.

Themostintuitivereasonisthatambivalentrelationshipsareunpredictable.Withaclearenemy,youputupa

shieldwhenyoucrosspaths.Withafrenemy,youneverknowwhetherDr.JekyllorMr.Hydeisgoingtoshowup.

Feelingunsurecandisruptthebody'scalmingsystemandactivateafight-or-flightresponse.It'sunsettlingto

hopeforahugwhilealsopreparingforalikelyquarrel.

Anotherfactoristhatunpleasantinteractionsaremorepainfulinanambivalentrelationship.It'smore

upsettingtobeletdownbypeopleyoulikesometimesthanbypeopleyoudislikeallthetime.Whensomeone

stabsyouintheback,itstingsmoreifhe'sbeenfriendlytoyourface.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbecountedasafrenemy?

A.Yourneighbour'skidwhoadvisesyoutostudyhardbutidlesawayhisowntime.

B.Yourclassmatewhoadmiresyourdiligenceatfirst,butdoubtsyourintelligencelater.

C.Yourmother5sfriendwhoencouragesyoutospendmoretimeonhomeworkbutlessonsmartphones.

D.Yourfather^colleaguewhoproposesyoutodoamoderateamountofhomeworkwhileensuringadequate

sleep.

10.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

答案第4贝，共34贝

A.Ambivalentrelationshipshaveapermanenteffectonyourwell-being.

B.Thecommoncauseforhighbloodpressureisambivalentrelationship.

C.Ambivalentinteractionswillbemorepainfulifitisdoneconsciously.

D.Thenegativeimpactofambivalentinteractionsisdirectandstrong.

11.Theunderlinedword“belittle“inparagraph2probablymeans.

A.devalueB.appreciateC.respectD.abuse

12.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SomeNegativeRelationshipsAreBadforYourHealth

B.YourMostAmbivalentRelationshipsAretheMostToxic

C.TheReasonsforAmbivalentRelationshipsAreUnpredictable

D.SomePositiveRelationshipsAreBetterthanAllNegativeOnes

4.

Today,poetryandscienceareoftenconsideredtobemutuallyexclusivecareerpaths.Butthatwasn'talways

thecase.ThemathematicianAdaLovelaceandthephysicistJamesClerkMahwahwerebothaccomplishedpoets.

ThepoetJohnKeatswasalicensedsurgeon.Combiningthetwopracticesfelloutoffavorinthe1800s.But

translatingresearchintolyrics,haiku,andotherpoeticformsisresurging（再现）amongscientistsastheylookfor

alternativewaystoinspireotherswiththeirfindings.

“Poetryisagreattoolforquestioningtheworld,“saysSamIllingworth,apoetandageoscientistwhoworks

attheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Throughworkshopsandanewscience-poetryjournal,calledConsilience,

Illingworthishelpingscientiststotranslatetheirlatestresultsintopoemsthatcanattractappreciationfromthose

outsideoftheirimmediatescientificfield.

StephanyMazon,ascientistfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiinFinland,joinedoneofIllingworth's

workshops.Intheworkshop,shewasgroupedwithotherscientistsandtaskedwithwritingahaiku,a

17-syllable-longpoem,whichspotlightedwater,afluidthatfeaturedinallofthegroupmembers9research

projects.66Itwasalotoffun,andsurprisinglyeasytowritethepoem,^^Mazonsays.Sheplanstocontinuewriting.

“Wedoadisservice（伤害）toourselvestothinkthatscientistscan'tbeartisticandthatartcan'tbeuseato

communicatescientificideas,“Mazonsays.

ThatviewpointisechoedbyIllingworth,whothinkssciencecommunicationinitiativesaretoooften

dominatedbypubliclectureswiththeirhands-offPowerPointslides."Actually,whensciencecommunication

involveswritingandsharingpoems,itinvitesatwo-waydialoguebetweenexpertsandnonexperts,9,hesays.

Scientist-poetManjulaSilva,aneducatoratImperialCollegeLondon,agrees.Poetryprovidesawaytotranslate

complexscientificconceptsintoalanguagethateveryonecanunderstand,Silvasays.

Scientistsandpoetsarebothtryingtounderstandtheworldandcommunicatethatunderstandingwithothers.

Thedistinctionbetweenscientistsandpoetsislessthanpeoplemightthink.We'realljustpeoplewithhopefully

reallyinterestingthingstosayandtoshare.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"exclusive“probablymean?

A.Unabletocontrastatthesametime.B.Unabletodetecteachother.

C.Unabletodistinctfromeachother.D.Unabletoexistatthesametime.

14.WhatareIllingworth'sworkshopsaimedtodo?

A.Promoteanewscience-poetryjournal.

B.Inspireoutsiderstopursuetheircareersinscience.

C.Encouragesciencecommunicationthroughpoems.

D.Getscientiststoexchangeideasaboutthelatestresearch.

15.WhatdoesIllingworththinkofthedominantwaysofsciencecommunication?

A.Conventional.B.Effective.C.Innovative.D.Complex.

16.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Poetry:AGreatTooltoQuestiontheWorld

B.ScientistsTakeonPoetry

C.ScienceCommunication:ATwo-wayDialogue

D.ScientistsandPoetsThinkAlike

5.

Medicalartificialintelligence（AI）canperformwithexpert-levelaccuracyanddelivercost-effectivecare.

IBM'sWatsondiagnoses（诊断）heartdiseasebetterthancardiologists（心脏病专家）do.Chatbotsgivebetter

medicaladvicetopatientsinplaceofnurses.SomeforecastthatmedicalAIwillenter90%ofhospitalsand

replaceasmuchas80%ofwhatdoctorscurrentlydo.Yet,asourrecentresearchsuggests,patientsshowastrong

resistancetomedicalAI.

Thereason,wefound,isnotthebeliefthatAIprovideslowercare.NorisitthatpatientsthinkthatAIis

morecostlyorlessinformative.Rather,resistancetomedicalAIseemstocomefromabeliefthatAIdoesnottake

intoaccountone'sspecificcircumstances.Peopleviewthemselvesasunique.Bycontrast,theythinkmedicalcare

deliveredbyAIprovidersissuitedtotreatanaveragepatientbutunsuitabletoaccountfortheunique

答案第6页，共34页

circumstancesthatapplytoanindividual.NowonderthatmedicalAIprovidersaregivenacoldwelcome.

Thereareanumberofstepsthatcareproviderscantaketoovercomepatients?resistancetomedicalAI.For

example,ifanAIprovideriscapableoftailoringitsrecommendationforwhethertohaveasurgerytoeach

patient?suniquecharacteristicsandmedicalhistory,patientswouldbelikelytofollowthetreatment

recommendationsoftheAIprovider.Inaddition,healthcareproviderscouldalsodeliverindividualizedhealth

carebyexplaininghowthealgorithms（算法）workandsharingpatients9reviewswiththemedia.Havinga

physicianconfirmtherecommendationofanAIprovidershouldmakepeoplemorewillingtoacceptAl-based

care.PeoplearecomfortableusingmedicalAIifaphysicianremainsinchargeoftheultimatedecision.

Al-basedhealthcaretechnologiesarebeingdevelopedandemployedatanimpressiverate,providingbetter

medicalservicesforthepatients.Butharnessingthefullpotentialofthemwillrequirethatwefirstovercome

patients5doubtofhavinganalgorithm,ratherthanapersonmakingdecisionsabouttheircare.

17.WhatmadepeopleresistthemedicalAI?

A.Asufferer^temperignoredbymedicalAL

B.People'slastingtrustinahumandoctor'sability.

C.Theconcernaboutitspersonalizationintreatment.

D.TheaccuracyoftheinformationfrommedicalAL

18.Whatcanbeasolutiontopatients5resistanceaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Treatingsufferersasaveragepatients.

B.Providingamorespecifictreatment.

C.Gettingthealgorithmsprioritizedintime.

D.Keepingawayfromtheinfluenceofaphysician.

19.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword"harnessing“inthelastparagraph?

A.Weakening.B.Storing.C.Destroying.D.Using.

20.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AdvantagesofMedicalAI

B.PotentialApplicationofAI

C.HowAIReplacesNursesinHealthcare

D.TheChallengeThatMedicalAIFaces

6.

Asarchaeologists（考古学家）examinedancienttombsinTurfaninwesternChina,theydiscoveredsome

surprisinglywell-preservedandfamiliarrelics.Thoughhardenedfromover1,000years,theresatlittledumplings.

Exactlywhoinventeddumplingsremainsamystery.Butsomescholarssuspecttheywerefirstspreadby

nomadic（游牧的）TurkicpeopleslivinginwesternChinaandCentralAsia.Thisisthoughttobethecasebecause

“manti,“meaning"dumpling"or"steamedbun^^inmanyTurkiclanguages,appearstobetherootwordfor

dumplinginseveralotherlanguages.AncientTurkicpeopleprobablyfilledtheirdumplingswithmeat.Butifs

unclearwhenthispracticebegan,orwhethertheylearnedtheartofdumpling-makingfromothers.Howeverthis

happened,dumplingscertainlygatheredsteaminancientChina.

DumplingscontinuedtotakeoffanddiversifyinChinaoverthenextthousandyears.Insteadofthe

traditionalmeatfilling,somecommunitieschosevegetarian（素食）dumplings.Peopledevelopednewcooking

methods.TherelationshipbetweenChinesedumplingsandthoseinotherareasistrickytotrace,butfood

historianshavemadetheirbestguessesbasedonavailableclues.

BesidesTurkictribes,somescholarsbelievethattheMongolEmpirealsocontributedtothespreadof

dumplings,perhapsintroducingthemtopartsofEasternEurope.Thesedumplingscouldhavecomebywayof

ChinaordirectlyfromsomeoftheTurkicpeoplestheMongolshiredtoruntheirempire.Onetheoryisthatthis

gaverisetodumplingslikepelmeniinRussia,pierogiinPolandandvarenikiinUkraine.TheMongolEmpirealso

controlledKoreaandmighthavelikewiseintroduceddumplingsthere.Later,afterChinesedumplingvarieties

wereintroducedtomorecountries,Englishspeakersbegancallingthemdumplings,whichmeans"littlelumps”.

DuringtheSecondWorldWar,Chinese'jiaozi“werebroughttoJapan.SowhatabouttheItaliandumpling-like

pasta?SomehistoriansthinkitmightbebroughtbyArabconquerors.

It'sunlikelythatalldumplingdishescamefromthesameroottradition.However,wecanappreciatethe

mysterioushistoricalwebthatmadedumplingssovarious.

21.WhatmadeTurkicpeoplessuspectedtofirstspreaddumplings?

A.Thelanguagestheyused.B.Theireatinghabits.

C.Theirdumpling-makingskills.D.Thenewlyfoundtombs.

22.Whatdoesthephrase"'gatheredsteam^^inparagraph2mean?

A.Originated.B.Stabilized.

C.Gotwell-cooked.D.Becamepopular.

23.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?

A.Thespreadingprocessofdumplings.

B.Thepossibleoriginsofdumplings.

C.Differencesbetweenvariousdumplings.

答案第8贝，共34贝

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofdumplings.

24.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribedumplingsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Delicious.B.Diverse.C.Unusual.D.Regional.

7.

AnewUK-basedstudyontheeffectsofartificiallightonlocalinsectpopulationsfoundthatlightpollution

fromstreetlampsdisturbsinsectbehavior,leadingtoanoveralllossofinsects.

“Wefoundthatstreetlightingstronglyreducedmoth（飞蛾）populationcomparedwithunlitsites...and

affectedmothdevelopment,9,thestudystated.

Thestudy5sresultsapplytoalocalizedlevelandcannotbeusedtodeterminewhethernational-level

populationsaredecliningduetolightpollution.However,itaddsfurtherweighttoexistingresearchonhowlight

pollutionaffectsecosystemsandbiodiversityhotspotsandhighlightstheneedtoshifttoalternativesinartificial

lightthatwouldtonedowntheseeffects.

Theeffectsoninsectpopulationsarewide-ranging.Morespecifically,artificiallightaffectshowmothslay

theireggsandputsthematahigherriskofbeingspottedbypredators（捕食性动物）.Italsoaffectsmoths'

feedingbehavior,whichsubsequentlyleadstodeclinesintheirpopulationtoo.Lightpollutionthusjoinsahostof

factors,suchasclimatechangeanddeforestation,asoneofthedeterminantsofinsectpopulationdecline.

Whilepreviousstudiesexaminedtheeffectsoflightingonbatsandothervertebrates,thisstudyfocusedon

theirprey-creatureslowerdowninthefoodchain一and,asaresult,complementing（补充）previousstudies.

Therefore,thestudyisconcerningbecauseitsuggestsanalarminglossofinsectscausedbyartificiallight,which

willhavefar-reachingconsequencesforallthewildlifeandecosystemsthatdependonthem.

Moreover,whitelight-emittingdiodes（LEDs）werefoundtohavetheworstimpactonlocalinsectsand

ecosystemprocesses.TheresearchersthuscallforshiftingawayfromwhiteLEDsoremployingprocessessuchas

motionsensorstomakethelightslessbrightandchangingcolorsandfilterstoavoidthenegativeimpacts.Ifthe

findingsofthestudyareanythingtogoby,localinsectecosystemswillsufferconsiderableconsequences-which

will,inturn,affectthewildlifethatdependsonthemand,ultimately,couldperhapsevenupsetagricultural

balances.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewstudy?

A.Itisconductedonalocalbasis.

B.Ithighlightsthevalueofartificiallight.

C.Itfocusesonthepreservationofinsects.

D.Itmattersmorethantheexistingresearch.

26.Whateffectdoesartificiallighthaveonmoths?

A.Itmayputthemindanger.

B.Itpreventsthemfromfeeding.

C.Itmayleadtotheirextinction.

D.Itdisablesthemfromlayingeggs.

27.WhatdotheresearchersadviseustodowiththeLEDs?

A.Toshifttogreenalternatives.

B.Toadoptbrightercolorsandfilters.

C.Toavoidadoptingwhite-lightLEDs.

D.Toreplacethemwithmotionsensors.

28.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ArtificialLightandWildlifeProtection

B.LightPollutionandtheEndangeredSpecies

C.ArtificialLightHasNegativeEffectsonAgriculture

D.LightPollutionfromStreetLightsCouldDriveInsectLoss

8.

Eachyear,morethan27millionU.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunon

diesel（柴油）fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigher

insideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.

AU.S.governmentprogramstartedin2012offeredschools5moneyspentoncleanerschoolbusesbutnotall

schoolscouldgetit.Fiveyearslater,emissionsfrombusesinthewinningdistrictsfell.Andayearaftergetting

newbuses,studentattendancehadimprovedinthosedistricts.Foranaveragedistrictof10,000students,about

sixmorestudentsattended"schooleachday'inthewinningdistricts,comparedtothelosingdistricts.Winning

schoolswithhigherratesofbus-ridingkidshadanaverageof14morestudentsinclasseachday.Andwinning

districtsthatreplacedtheoldestschoolbuses?Theyhadanaverageof45morestudentsinschooleachday.

Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.

Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallof

thoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.

Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,

答案第10页，共34页

themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.Astudydoneonadultsshowedthatabrief

exposuretodieselemissionsreduced“networkconnectivity^^inthebrain.Inotherstudies,such

network-connectivitychangeshavebeenlinkedtoworsenedmemoryandmentaltasks.AWashingtonState

programupgradedpollutioncontrolsinolddieselbuses.Afterward,fewerkidswerehospitalizedinthosedistricts

thaninschoolswithoutbusupgrades.

AlmostallU.S.schooldistrictscanapplyfortheprogram.Butschoolsinlow-incomeareas,intribalareas

and,inruralareaswillgetpriority.Kidsintheseareastendtofacethemosthealthrisksfromolderbuses.

29.Whatcanweinferaboutdieselschoolbusesfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyhaveashortservicelife.

B.Theyoperatecost-effectively.

C.Theyaccommodatefewpassengers.

D.Theydomuchharmtoschoolchildren.

30.Whyistheincreaseinschoolattendancesmallbutimportant?

A.Itisalongaccumulation.B.Itisawinningcondition.

C.Itisameasuringstandard.D.Itisastudentachievement.

31.Howdoesthebusreplacementbringbetterstudentattendance?

A.Byreducingthenetworkconnectivity.

B.Bybetteringthehealthstateofstudents.

C.Byimprovingstudentsatisfactionwithschools.

D.Bymeetingstudents5demandforschoolbusdrivers.

32.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.The“networkconnectivity^^inthebrain.

B.Thegreatworkoncleanerschoolbuses.

C.AU.S.governmentprogramforeducation.

D.Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses.

9.

Weallsometimesbehaveinwaysthatseemtoconflictwithourgoalsandintentions.Onepersonmightwish

tospendmoretimewithfamilybutinsteadfindthemselvesmindlesslybrowsingsocialmedia.Anothermay

repeatedlyignoretheiralarmandmisstheirmorningworkout.Ifweonlyhadmorewillpower,theconventional

wisdomgoes,wecouldeathealthier,exerciseregularly,andspendmoretimewithlovedones.However,in

Determined:AScienceofLifewithoutFreeWill,scientistRobertSapolskyarguesthatsuchchoicesa