高考英语语法复习名词性从句知识讲解练习讲义

高考英语语法复习名词性从句讲解练习名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，根据在句中的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句【定义】在复合句中，作主语的句子称为主语从句。【常见的连接词】（连接词在句中不能省略）that,whether,who,what,whatever,whoever,where,when,why,how等。【用法】连接词that引导ThatweshouldlearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.主语从句中weshouldlearnEnglishwell句子完整，不缺成分，用that引导，that不能省连接词whether，if引导whether引导的主语从句可放句首，也可放句中，表“是否”if引导的主语从句只能引导动词后的宾语WhetherIwillgoornotdependontheweather.Itremainstobeseenwhether/iftheycanfinishthetaskintime.2.连接代词what,who,which,whose,whatever,whichever，whoever等引导Whatmattersmostisyourattitude.3.连接副词when，where，why，how等引导Howhemadeitisstillunknown.4.it作形式主语为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语放在句子后面。常见句型：(1)Itis+n.+that+句子Itis+（apity/ashame/afact…）+that...(2)Itis+adj.+that+句子Itis+（true/clear/important…）+that...(3)Itis+过去分词+that+句子Itis+said/announced/expected/believed/hoped…+that...(4)Itseems/appears/happens/turnedoutthat+句子(5)Ithitsb./occurredtosb.that+句子二、宾语从句【定义】在复合句中，作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。【常见的连接词】that,whether,if,who,whose,which,when,how,what,why等。【用法】that引导的宾语从句当一个动词后有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，第二个和第二个以上的that不可省略。Ithink(that)heisintelligentandthatheiswillingtohelpothers.2.whether/if引导的宾语从句Nobodyknowswhether/ifshewillgoabroad.只能用whether，不能用if的情况(1)介词+whetherItdependsonwhetheritwillraintomorrow.(2)whether...ornot...Idon’tknowwhetherIshouldstayornot.(3)whethertodoWhethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.3.宾语从句的三种情况：动宾、介宾、形宾。(1)动词+宾从IhavefoundthatEnglishisveryimportant.(2)介词+宾从Itdependsonwhetherit’llraintomorrow.(3)形容词+宾从I’mgladthatyoulikeEnglish.常见形容词：sure/surprised/happy/pleased/afraid/certain/sorry等4.it作形式宾语时，that不可省略。IthinkitimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.真正的宾语是weshouldlearnEnglishwell，it是形式上的宾语三、表语从句【定义】在复合句中，放在be动词或系动词后的句子称为表语从句。【常见的系动词】look/feel/sound/taste/smell/become/turn/get/grow/come/go/fall/seem/appear/look/remain/keep/stay/stand/prove【常见的连接词】that,whether,because,what,who,which,whom,whose,whoever,whatever,asif/asthough,when,where,why,how,however,wherever,whenever等。【用法】(1)TheproblemisthatIdon’tknowwheretogo.(2)because引导表语从句，不能和reason一起出现。Histeacherwasangry.It’sbecausehewaslateagain.(3)ThisiswhereIfirstmether.(4)asif/asthough引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.与事实符合，确实要下雨，用陈述。Shetalksasifshekneweverything.与事实不符合，事实上不知道，用虚拟。四、同位语从句【定义】在复合句中充当同位语的句子。同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。【常见的名词】fact,suggestion,advice,idea,decision,news,thought,hope,belief,truth,doubt,promise,possibility,truth,warning,message,reason,report,question，explanation,wish,problem等。【常见的连接词】that,whether,what,who,how,when,where等。【用法】ThethoughtthatIwanttobuymymotherabirthdaygiftmakesmeexcited.that引导的同位语从句，解释说明thought，从句不缺成分Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.whether引导同位语从句，if不能引导同位语从句wehaven’tmadethedecisionwherewearegoingtospendourvacation.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟解释说明的名词后面。Thenewsissurprisingthathewonthematch.五、高考真题2023年高考真题1.（2023年新高考II卷）Thisis____theyneedanEnglishtrainer.【答案】why考查表语从句句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，所以用why引导表语从句。2022年高考真题1.(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空)Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersofthetime,theyagreed.【答案】whether或if考查宾语从句句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，whether/if“是否”符合语境，所以填whether或if。2.(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空)Hesavedmy____(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknowhowtothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.【答案】son’s考查名词所有格句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，应用名词所有格。所以填son’s。3.（2022年北京卷）It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine____smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.【答案】whether考查宾语从句句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。结合句意及空格后的ornot可知，此处考查whether…ornot的搭配。所以填whether。2021年高考真题1.(2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.__56__issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.【答案】What考查主语从句句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。所以填What。2.(2021年天津卷)ItseemedthatIhadbecome____myparentshadwantedmetobe.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.whether【答案】C考查宾语从句句意：似乎我已经成为