2022-2023学年上海市高二年级上学期期末英语复习模拟卷01【含答案】

2022-2023学年上海市高二年级上学期期末英语复习模拟卷01学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________评卷人得分一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.MeettheIslandsLocated86kmnorth-eastofBougainvilleintheSouthPacific,theCarteretIslandsofPapuaNewGuineaarecomposedoflow-lyingislands____1____(distribute)inahorseshoeshape,withatotallandareaof0.6squarekilometersandamaximumelevationof1.5metersabovesealevel.TheCarteretIslandsarebelieved____2____(inhabit)formorethanonethousandyears.Fewplacesareascalm,peacefulandbeautifulastheseasidehereonacalmday.Peoplearevery____3____(welcome),gentle,andcalm.There’snophonenetwork,shops,computers,roads,cars,ormotorbikes.Foodiscookedonopenfires.Peopleherelivesustainably.Theydon’toverfishorpollute,makingnocontributiontothewarmingofourplanet.However,theyarefeelingtheconsequencesoftheclimatechange.Now,astheland____4____(swallow)bytherisingsea,theislandersarefacedwithanuncertainfuture.Stormsandhightideswashawayhomes,destroyvegetablegardensandpollutefreshwatersupplies.Thetreesontheislandarealsobeingimpactedbythesaltwater.Thebeachexists____5____fertilesoiloncedid.____6____thecoralandseagrassesdie,sodothebreedingareasforfish.Manyseawallshavebeenbuilt____7____withlittlesuccess.Theislandshavegraduallybecomeuninhabitable.TheCarteretislandersarelabelledastheworld’sfirstofficialclimate-changerefugees,astheyareforcedtoabandontheirhomelands____8____foodshortages,risingsealevels,sinkingshorelines,andthedangersofstormsandtides.Infrontof____9____isthechoicewhethertostayandwatchtheislandsshrinkandslowlydisappearortrytorebuildtheircommunitysomewhereelse.Yet,therelocationisnotamoveembracedbymost,andsomeareunhappylivingawayfromtheirhome,andhavereturnedafterstrugglingtoadapt.Ontheotherhand,relocationwillbeagreatchallengetothepreservationoftheidentityandcultureoftheCarteretislanders.TheCarteretIslanders’storyillustrateshowsmallislandstatesandcoastalcommunitiesfallvictim____10____risingsealevelscausedbyclimatechange.TheCarteretIslanders,withacarbonfootprintamongthelowestintheworld,willbeamongthefirsttohavetoleavetheirhomesbecauseofrisingseascausedbyemissionsfromothernations.【答案】1．distributing

2．tohaveinhabited

3．welcoming

4．isbeingswallowed

5．where

6．As

7．but

8．dueto

9．them

10．to【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛由于气候的变化导致了海平面的上升，所以这些岛屿变得不再适宜居住。1．考查非谓语动词。句意：巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛位于南太平洋布干维尔东北86公里处，由呈马蹄形分布的低地岛屿组成，总陆地面积0.6平方公里，最高海拔1.5米。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和被修饰的名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填distributing。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特雷特群岛据信已有一千多年的历史。分析句子结构可知，本题考查固定句型“sth/sb.bebelievedtodo”，意为“人们相信……”，根据句意可知，人们相信卡特雷特群岛已有一千多年的历史了，所以需要动词不定式的完成式，表示谓语时间之前发生过的事件，或从过去持续到谓语时间的状态。故填tohaveinhabited。3．考查形容词。句意：人们非常热情、温柔、平静。分析句子结构可知，本句话为主系表结构，空处需要形容词welcoming“热情的”，作表语。故填welcoming。4．考查时态语态。句意：现在，随着陆地被不断上涨的海水吞噬，岛民面临着不确定的未来。分析句子结构可知，空处为as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子为现在进行时态，而主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填isbeingswallowed。5．考查地点状语从句。句意：海滩存在于肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方。根据句意可知，由于海水的上升，海滩现在出现在了肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方，所以空处引导地点状语从句。故填where。6．考查时间状语从句。句意：随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。根据“sodothebreedingareasforfish”可知，随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。as可以引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。故填As。7．考查连词。句意：许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。根据前后语境可知，虽然许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。前后为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。8．考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛上的居民被称为世界上第一批正式的气候变化难民，因为食物短缺、海平面上升、海岸线下沉以及风暴和潮汐的危险，他们被迫离开家园。根据空后“foodshortages,risingsealevels,sinkingshorelines,andthedangersofstormsandtides”可知，由于空后的这些原因，所以卡特雷特岛上的居民被迫离开家园。固定搭配dueto“由于”。故填dueto。9．考查代词。句意：摆在他们面前的是选择是留下来看着岛屿缩小并慢慢消失，还是尝试在其他地方重建他们的社区。空处指代前文的theCarteretislanders，意为“卡特雷特岛上的居民”，作介词of的宾语。故填them10．考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛居民的故事说明了小岛屿国家和沿海社区如何成为气候变化导致海平面上升的受害者。固定搭配fallvictimto“成为……的牺牲品（或受害者)”，to是介词。故填to。评卷人得分二、词汇填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．developed

B．applied

C．compared

D．principle

E.flexible

F.detailG.demonstration

H.encouraging

I.wirelessly

J.overly

K.potentialHavingamicrochipimplantedinaman’sbrainmaybecommoninsci-fimovieplots,butitmaysoonbecomeanactualpossibility.ElonMusk-aU.S.techmogul(大亨),founderofSpaceXandco-founderofelectriccarmakerTesla-hasbeenworkingonthistechnology.OnAugust28,Muskgavealive-stream___11___ofthechip,whichwasimplantedintotheheadofapignamedGertrude.Thechip,___12___byMusk’scompanyNeuralink,isthesizeofacoin,butdon’tletitssizefoolyou.Thetinychiphasover3,000electrodes(电极)attachedto___13___threadswhichcanmonitorabout1,000neurons(神经元).Itcollectsneuralsignalsfromanareaofthebrain,andthentransmitsthosesignals___14___tonearbycomputers,accordingtoMSN.Inthelive-stream,Gertrudecouldbeseenwalkingaroundherpensniffingthegroundwhileamonitorshowedherbrainactivity.Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystage,itis___15___forhumans.Thistechnology“wouldsolvealotofbrain/spineinjuriesandisultimatelyessentialforAIsymbiosis(共生),”whichallowsthehumanbraintomerge(融合)withanartificialintelligence,Musksaidinpreviousinterviews.Whenthedevicecanbe___16___tohumans,itsmaingoalwillbetohelpthosewhohavemobilityissues,suchasthosesufferingfromparalysis.Muskhopesthistechnologycouldalsobeusedtohelpthosewithhearingandeyesightissuesandonedayleadtoacureforepilepsy(癫痫).Althoughsuchadevicecould,in___17___,repairthoseproblems,puttingitintopracticeisbynomeansapieceofcake.Currently,thedevicecantransmitsignalsfromabout500neuronsinthepig’sbrain.Thenumberistinywhen___18___to80billionneuronsinahumanbrain.Andtocoverthewholehumanbrainalsomeanstheelectrodeshavetobemuchsmaller.Alsoimplantingthechipintothebrainposesa(n)___19___danger.Thereisariskoftheimmunesystemattackingthisforeignbody.Rightnow,thehopeofcontrollingthebrainviacontrollingafewneuronsseems____20____optimistic.“TherearemanytechnologicalchallengestoovercomebeforeNeuralinkcanuseitsdevicestoachievethecorrectivepurposesitforeseesforthem,”saidYuanLangfeng,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina.【答案】11．G

12．A

13．E

14．I

15．H

16．B

17．D

18．C

19．K

20．J【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述的在科幻将芯片植入人体内这项技术将很快成为一种可能，这一技术的运用将在治疗一些重大疾病方面起到积极的作用。11．考查名词。句意：8月28日，马斯克对植入一头名叫格特鲁德的猪的头部进行了芯片的直播演示。分析句子结构可知，此空处前有冠词和形容词，故填名词，此处demonstration意为“演示”符合句意。故选G项。12．考查动词。句意：该芯片由马斯克的公司Neuralink开发，有硬币大小，但不要让它的大小欺骗你。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为非谓语动词作定语，结合句意可知，此处developed表示“开发”符合句意。故选A项。13．考查形容词。句意：这个微小的芯片有超过3，000个电极连接到柔性螺纹上，可以监测大约1，000个神经元。此空处位于名词之前，故填形容词，结合句意，flexible意为“柔韧性的，灵活的”符合句意。故选E项。14．考查副词。句意：据MSN称，它从大脑的某个区域收集神经信号，然后将这些信号无线传输到附近的计算机。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词，修饰动词，结合句意，wirelessly意为“无线地”符合句意。故选I项。15．考查动词。句意：虽然这项技术仍处于早期阶段，但对人类来说是鼓舞人心的。此空处位于系动词之后，所以此处填形容词，结合句意，encouraging意为“鼓舞人心的”符合句意。故选H项。16．考查动词。句意：当该设备可以应用于人类时，其主要目标将是帮助那些行动不便的人，例如那些患有瘫痪的人。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应为短语beappliedto意为“运用到……中”。故选B项。17．考查名词。句意：虽然这样的设备原则上可以解决这些问题，但将其付诸实践绝不是小菜一碟。此空位于介词之后，需要填名词，结合句意可知，inprinciple意为“原则上”。故选D项。18．考查动词。句意：与人脑中的800亿个神经元相比，这个数字很小。结合句意可知，此处为comparedto意为“与……相比”符合句意。故选C项。19．考查形容词。句意：将芯片植入大脑也会带来潜在的危险。此空处为与冠词之后，名词之前，所以填形容词，结合句意，potential意为“潜在的”符合句意。故选K项。20．考查副词。句意：现在，通过控制几个神经元来控制大脑的希望似乎过于乐观。此空位于系动词之后，形容词之前，所以填副词，结合句意可知，overly意为“过多地”符合句意。故选J项。评卷人得分三、完形填空Celebrityhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantrepresentativesofpopularculture.Fansusedtobecrazyaboutaspecificfilm,butnowthepublic____21____tobaseitsconsumptionontheinterestofcelebrityattachedtoanygivenproduct.Besides,fashionmagazineshavealmost____22____thepracticeofputtingmodelsonthecoverbecausetheydon’tsellnearlyaswellasfamous____23____.Asaresult,celebritieshaverealizedtheirunbelievablypowerfulmarketpotential,movingfromadvertisingforothers’productsto____24____theirown.Celebrityclothinglinesaren’ta____25____newphenomenon,butinthepasttheyweretypicallyaimedattheordinaryconsumers,and____26____afewTVactresses.Todaythey’restartedbyfirst-classstarswhoseproductsenjoyequalfamewithsomeworldtop____27____.Themostsuccessfulstart-upshavebeenthosebycelebritieswith____28____personalstyle.Ascelebritiesbecomemoreandmoreexperiencedatthemarket,theyexpandtheirproductionscalerapidly,____29____almostalltheproductsofdailylife.However,foreverysuccessstory,there’sarelated____30____taleofacelebritywhoovervaluedhisconsumerappeal.Nomatterhowfamoustheproduct’s____31____is,ifitfailstoimpressconsumerswithitsownqualities,itbeginstoresembleanexerciseinself-promotionalmarketing.Andoncethe____32____attentiondiesdown,consumerinterestmightfade,loyaltyreturningtotried-and-truelabels.Today,celebritiesfaceevenmoresevereembarrassment.Thepop-culturalcirclemightbebiggerthanever,butitsrateofturnoverhasspeededupaswell.Eachmisstepthreatensto____33____acelebrity’sshelflife,andthesamenewspaperormagazinethatoncebroughthimfamehasnoproblempickinghimtopieceswhentheopportunityappears.____34____,theego’s(自我的)potentialforexpansionislimitless.Havingalreadyachievedgreatwealthandpublicrecognition,manycelebritiesseefashionasthenextfrontiertobeconquered.Asthesayinggoes,successandfailurealwaysgohandinhand.Theirsuccessas____35____mightlastalifetime,butfashion-likecelebrity-hasalwaysbeenshort-lived.21．A．tends B．returns C．aims D．means22．A．abandoned B．delayed C．established D．assumed23．A．films B．faces C．issues D．stories24．A．inventing B．composing C．exploring D．developing25．A．dramatically B．completely C．steadily D．normally26．A．takenby B．setfor C．limitedto D．listedon27．A．brands B．trends C．sales D．editions28．A．common B．specific C．potential D．artificial29．A．promoting B．extending C．engaging D．covering30．A．disappointing B．warning C．greeting D．amazing31．A．origin B．organization C．release D．intention32．A．continuous B．crazy C．initial D．sincere33．A．strike B．isolate C．promote D．reduce34．A．Still B．Thus C．Moreover D．Indeed35．A．stars B．models C．designers D．advertisers【答案】21．A

22．A

23．B

24．D

25．B

26．C

27．A

28．B

29．D

30．B

31．A

32．C

33．D

34．A

35．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A.tends打算；B.returns返回；C.aims旨在；D.means意味着。根据后文“tobaseitsconsumptionontheinterestofcelebrityattachedtoanygivenproduct”指现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A.abandoned抛弃；B.delayed延误；C.established建立；D.assumed假设。根据后文“becausetheydon’tsellnearlyaswellasfamous”可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远不如名人。A.films电影；B.faces脸；C.issues问题；D.stories故事。呼应上文“theinterestofcelebrity”指模特不如名人，famousfaces表示“名人”。故选B。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。A.inventing发明；B.composing组成；C.exploring探索；D.developing开发，发展。根据上文“fromadvertisingforothers’productsto”指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A.dramatically戏剧地；B.completely完全地；C.steadily稳定地；D.normally正常地。根据后文“newphenomenon,butinthepast”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故选B。26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A.takenby突袭；B.setfor安排；C.limitedto限于；D.listedon列在……上。根据后文“afewTVactresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。A.brands品牌；B.trends趋势；C.sales销售；D.editions版本。根据上文“they’restartedbyfirst-classstars”可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A.common普通的；B.specific特别的；C.potential有潜力的；D.artificial人造的。根据上文“Themostsuccessfulstart-upshavebeenthosebycelebritieswith”以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。A.promoting促进；B.extending延伸；C.engaging参与；D.covering覆盖。根据后文“almostalltheproductsofdailylife”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力。A.disappointing使失望；B.warning警告；C.greeting问候；D.amazing使吃惊。根据后文“acelebritywhoovervaluedhisconsumerappeal”可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像一种自我推销的营销活动。A.origin起源；B.organization组织；C.release释放；D.intention意图。根据上文“Nomatterhowfamoustheproduct’s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A.continuous持续的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.initial首先的；D.sincere真诚的。根据后文“attentiondiesdown,consumerinterestmightfade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A.strike打击；B.isolate隔离；C.promote促进；D.reduce减少。根据上文“Eachmisstepthreatensto”可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A.Still仍然；B.Thus因此；C.Moreover此外；D.Indeed确实。根据后文“theego’spotentialforexpansionislimitless.”可知，尽管失误会减少名人的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。A.stars明星；B.models模型；C.designers设计师；D.advertisers广告商。呼应上文“Havingalreadyachievedgreatwealthandpublicrecognition,manycelebritiesseefashionasthenextfrontiertobeconquered.(由于已经获得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域)”可知，这里指名人想要成为设计师，故选C。评卷人得分四、阅读理解AThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMarjorieHurd.WhenIsteppedoffashipinNewYorkHarborin1949,Iwasanine-year-oldwarrefugee,whohadlosthismotherandwascomingtolivewiththefatherhedidnotknow.Mymother,EleniGatzoyiannis,hadbeenimprisonedandshotforsendingmysistersandmetofreedom.IwasthirteenyearsoldwhenIenteredChandlerJuniorHigh.ShortlyafterIarrived,Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring“clubhours.”Theideaofhobbiesandclubsmadenosensetomyimmigrantears,butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass.SheledmeintothepresenceofMissHurd,theschoolnewspaperadviserandEnglishteacher.Atoughwomanwithsalt-and-pepperhairanddeterminedeyes,MissHurdhadnopatiencewithlazybones.Shedrilledusingrammar,assignedstoriesforustoreadanddiscuss,andeventuallytaughtushowtoputoutanewspaper.HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywar-tornhomeland,makingmeproudofmyorigins.HereffortsinspiredmetounderstandthelogicandstructureoftheEnglishlanguage.Owingtoherinspiration,duringmynexttwenty-fiveyears,Ibecameajournalistbyprofession.MissHurdretiredattheageof62.Bythen,shehadtaughtforatotalof41years.Evenafterherretirement,shecontinuallymadeaprojectofunwillingstudentsinwhomshespiedasparkofpotential.Thestudentsweremainlyfromthemosttroubledhomes,yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftoughlove,untilthesparkcaughtfire.MissHurdwastheonewhodirectedmygriefandpainintowriting.ButforMissHurd,Iwouldn’thavebecomeareporter.Shewasthecatalystthatsentmeintojournalismandindirectlycausedallthegoodthingsthatcameafter.36．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraphTwomostprobablymean?A．Hobbiesandclubsdidnotinteresttheauthor.B．Theauthorturnedadeafeartojoiningclubs.C．Hobbiesandclubswereinaccessibletoimmigrantsliketheauthor.D．Theauthorhadnoideawhathobbiesandclubswereallabout.37．Whichofthefollowingcausedtheauthortothinkofhishomelanddifferently?A．SteppingontheAmericansoilforthefirsttime.B．Hermother’smiserabledeath.C．BeingexposedtoGreekliteraryworks.D．Followingtheprettiestgirlinhisclass.38．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphFourthat_______.A．MissHurd’scontributionwasrecognizedacrossthenationB．StudentsfromtroubledhomespreferredMissHurd’steachingstyleC．ThestudentsMissHurdtaughtwereallfinallyfiredD．MissHurdemployedauniquewaytohandlethesestudents39．Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith_______.A．howtheauthorbecameajournalist B．theimportanceofinspirationinone’slifeC．theteacherwhoshapedtheauthor’slife D．factorscontributingtoasuccessfulcareer【答案】36．D

37．C

38．D

39．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了决定作者人生轨迹的一位名叫玛乔丽·赫德的学校教师的教学故事。36．词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句“ShortlyafterIarrived,Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring“clubhours.””(我刚到不久，就被告知要在“俱乐部时间”里选择一项爱好。)和第三句中的“butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass”(但我决定追随我们班最漂亮的女孩)可知，此处是指作者不了解业余爱好和俱乐部是什么。故选D。37．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywar-tornhomeland,makingmeproudofmyorigins.”(她向我介绍了希腊的文学财富，让我对饱受战争摧残的祖国有了新的认识，让我为自己的出身感到自豪。)可知，接触希腊文学作品使作者对自己的祖国有了不同的看法。故选C。38．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Thestudentsweremainlyfromthemosttroubledhomes,yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftoughlove,untilthesparkcaughtfire.”(这些学生主要来自最困难的家庭，但她用自己特有的严厉的爱，时而对他们严苛，时而让他们着迷，直到火花燃起。)可知，赫德小姐用一种独特的方法来应对这些学生。故选D。39．主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“ThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMarjorieHurd.”(决定我人生轨迹的人是一位名叫玛乔丽·赫德的学校教师。)和最后一段“MissHurdwastheonewhodirectedmygriefandpainintowriting.ButforMissHurd,Iwouldn’thavebecomeareporter.Shewasthecatalystthatsentmeintojournalismandindirectlycausedallthegoodthingsthatcameafter.”(是赫德小姐把我的悲伤和痛苦引导到写作中去的。如果不是赫德小姐，我不会成为一名记者。她是我进入新闻行业的催化剂，也间接促成了后来所有的好事。)可知，这篇文章主要是关于塑造了作者一生的老师。故选C。B1.Bloodisblueinsideyourbody.Humanbloodisthesamecolorinsideyourbodyasitisoutside:red.Ourveinslookbluebecausethetissuecoveringthemchangesthewaylightisabsorbedandscattered,whichaffectsourperceptionoftheircolor.2.PaulRevereshouted“TheBritisharecoming!”YoucanthankHenryWeds-worthLongfellowandhispoem“PaulRevere’sRide”forspreadingthattale.Nooneknowswhat,ifanything.RevereshoutedthroughthestreetsofLexington,Massachusetts,thoughwedonknowhetoldoneguardthat“theregularsarecomingout.”3.ThehottestpartofachillpepperistheseedsCapsaicia,achemicalcompoundthatbindstothepainreceptorsonournervestoproducethatveryheat,ismostconcennratedintheinnerwhiteribofthechilipepper.Theseedsdon’tactuallycontainanycapsaicin,buttheymaybecoatedinitbecausetheytouchtherib.4.JesusChristwasbornonDecember25.TheGospelsofMatthewandLukenevermentionthedateofJesus’sbirth.SowhydowecelebrateDecember25asthedaythatChristwasborn?ItcouldbebecauseofaRomanCatholichistorianfromthethirdcentury,SextusJuliosAfricanus,whobelievedJesuswasconceivedonMarch25-ninemonthsbeforewhatisnowChristmasDay.5.TheSaharaistheworld’slargestdesert.Technically,Antarcticais.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveydefinesadesertas“aridlandwithmeagerrainfall[usuallylessthanteninchesperyear]thatsupportsonlysparsevegetationandalimitedpopulationofpeopleandanimals.”Antarcticaaveragesonlysixinchesofrainayear(mostlyassnow)andisalmost5.5millionsquaremiles.TheSaharaisonly3.3millionsquaremiles.6.Chameleortscanchangetheircoloringtomatchanybackground.Thelizardsdoadjusttheirskintonetocamouflagethemselvesincertainenvironments,buttheircolorrangeislimited.ThereallyvibranthuesyouseeonTVandinbooksaren’tusuallymeantfortrickingpredators.Thosechameleonsaretryingtoattractamateordefendtheirterritory.Malechameleonshaveevenbeenknowntochangetheircolorstoappearfemale,whichhelpsthemsneakbyothermaleswithoutthethreatorfight.40．Itis_________thatessentiallymake(s)thepeppertastespicy.A．theconcentrationofcapsaicin B．thecoatingoftheseedsC．thepainreceptorsonournerves D．thesizeoftheinnerrib41．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheSaharaisn’tseenastheworld’slargestdesertbecauseitreceiveslessrainthanAntarctica.B．Chameleonschangetheircoloringtoservepurposesotherthanfoolingtheirenemies.C．Wads-worthwitnessedPaulRevereshout“TheBritisharecoming”withhisowneyes.D．Theabsorptionoflightbythetissuechangesthebloodinsideourbodyfromredintoblue.42．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．DiscoveriesThatAreAmazing B．FactsThatAreMisleadingC．FindingsThatAreSignificant D．MythsThatAreUnknown【答案】40．B

41．B

42．B【导语】本文是一片应用文。介绍了几个科普知识并纠正人们对这些科普的认知错误。40．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Capsaicia,achemicalcompoundthatbindstothepainreceptorsonournervestoproducethatveryheat,ismostconcennratedintheinnerwhiteribofthechilipepper.Theseedsdon’tactuallycontainanycapsaicin,buttheymaybecoatedinitbecausetheytouchtherib(辣椒是一种与我们神经上的疼痛感受器结合产生热量的化学化合物，它最集中在辣椒内部的凸条花纹。这些种子实际上不含辣椒素，但它们可能被包裹在里面，因为它们接触到了凸条花纹)”可知，使得辣椒很辣的是种子的包衣。故选B项。41．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Thosechameleonsaretryingtoattractamateordefendtheirterritory.Malechameleonshaveevenbeenknowntochangetheircolorstoappearfemale,whichhelpsthemsneakbyothermaleswithoutthethreatorfight.(这些变色龙正试图吸引配偶或保卫自己的领土。众所周知，雄性变色龙会改变颜色以呈现雌性，这有助于它们在没有威胁或战斗的情况下偷偷溜走。)”可知，变色龙变色不是为了与周围环境相匹配，而是有其它的企图。故选B项。42．主旨大意题。分析每一段可知，提出一个事实后，在下面的段落中，都会对这一错误的事实进行分析，例如首段“Bloodisblueinsideyourbody.(血液在你的身体里是蓝色的。)”，而下文中的“Humanbloodisthesamecolorinsideyourbodyasitisoutside:red.(人体血液在体内和身体外的颜色相同：红色。)”对上面的事实进行纠正；再比如最后一段首先列举一个事实“Chameleortscanchangetheircoloringtomatchanybackground.(变色龙可以更改其颜色以匹配任何背景。)”，而下文中的“Thelizardsdoadjusttheirskintonetocamouflagethemselvesincertainenvironments,buttheircolorrangeislimited.(在某些环境中，蜥蜴确实会调整肤色以伪装自己，但它们的颜色范围有限。)”内容对这一事实进行纠正。故本文的主题为具有误导性的事实。故选B项。CThehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfulspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls.Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.Whilepinningdownadefinitionhasproventricky,thegeneralconsensusisit’ssomemeansofinformationgathering.Psychologistsalsoagreecuriosityisintrinsically(内在地)motivated.Curiositycoverssuchalargesetofbehaviorsthatthereprobablyisn’tanysingle“curiositygene”thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Thatsaid,curiositydoeshaveageneticcomponent.Genesandenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthatgigantictask.Hundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It’swhatmotivatesnon-humananimals,humaninfantsandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemaftercontinuedexposure.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,thestakesarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere’smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.Astudyof12-to19-month-oldslearninghowtowalkdocumentedthatthesechildrenfelldownalot.Seventeentimesperhour,tobeexact.Butwalkingisfasterthancrawling,sothismotivatesexpertcrawlerstotransitiontowalking.Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.43．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcuriosity?A．Itistoocomplexfornon-scientiststounderstand.B．Itistheforcethatpusheshumansocietyforward.C．Itisauniquetraitspecifictothehumanrace.D．Itisoftenthemajorcauseforhumanfailures.44．Whatdowelearnabouthowgenesshapepeople’sbehavior?A．Theydeterminepeople’swayofthinking.B．Theyaccountforagedifferencesinlearning.C．Theyenablepeopletoundertakemassivetasks.D．Theyworkinconjunctionwiththeenvironment.45．Whatdonumerousstudiesshowaboutinfants?A．Theyarefarmorecuriousthanadults.B．Theyprefertogoafterallthatisnovel.C．Theyhavedifferentintereststhanadults.D．Theyshownon-humananimalbehaviors.46．WhatdoestheexampleoftheInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionsillustrate?A．Thecostofhuman’scuriositytoexplore.B．Theincredibleharshnessofcoldweather.C．Theinnovativeideasstemmingfromcuriosity.D．Theimportanceoflearningfrompastfailures.【答案】43．B

44．D

45．B

46．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，但探索好奇心的同时也可能付出很大代价。43．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingforcebehindoursuccessfulspecies.Butcuriositycanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls.Givencuriosity’scomplexity,scientistshavefoundithardtodefine.(人类对知识的渴求是我们这个成功物种背后的驱动力。但好奇心也可能是危险的，它会导致挫折甚至跌倒。鉴于好奇心的复杂性，科学家们发现很难定义它。)”由此可知好奇心是人类成功背后的驱动力，也就是作者认为好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，故选B44．细节理解题。根据第三段“Genesandenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.(基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。)”可知基因和环境是相互作用的，故选D。45．细节理解题。根据第五段“Hundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It’swhatmotivatesnon-humananimals,humaninfantsandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemaftercontinuedexposure.(数百项研究表明，婴儿喜欢新奇的事物。它激励着非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是人类成年人去探索和寻求新事物，直到在持续接触后对它们失去兴趣。)”由此可知婴儿的好奇心很强，更喜欢新奇的事物。故选B。46．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.(然而，有时测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对北部气候的生活挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人试图在那些充满挑战的环境中生存，但却失败了。)”可知本段说明好奇心可能会导致灾难，然后举