土方工程开挖回填施工工艺卡详细施工要点解说

土方工程（开挖、回填）施工工艺卡，详细施工要点解说！重要提醒，文中图片不可编辑！第一部分土方开挖施工一、概述土方开挖常用的方法有一般分层法、支护分层法、盆式挖土法、中心岛式挖土法及逆作法土方开挖等，工程中可根据具体条件选用。INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicLWjqyicyVKvkhKfBDlQlrlShbyBhsQqnAhp2OSjIWJ0wx7402PVlYVw/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET二、编制说明INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicr0gqfArfG1QbLnYtsh32kdTT7HS5ummhIfe2grG5zZSG18Yg2hNMsQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET施工准备（1）核对图纸中的轴线及对应坐标，中线、水平基点布设合理，轴线放样和标高测量满足施工要求。（2）应配备激光测量仪，需在开挖前和过程中及时做好标高及尺寸量测。（3）基坑工程施工前，根据施工设计图，认真核对基坑设计的勘测资料，如地形、地貌、工程地质、水文地质、钻探图表等。（4）摸清工程场地情况，包括运输道路、邻近建筑物、管线、电缆坑基、防空洞、地面上施工范围内的障碍物和堆积物状况，供水、供电、通讯情况，防洪排水系统等等，以便为施工规划和准备提供可靠的资料和数据。（5）研究制定现场场地整平、基坑工程施工方案；绘制施工总平面布置图和基坑土方工程图，确定开挖路线、顺序、范围、设计标高、边坡坡度、排水沟、集水井位置，以及挖去的土方堆放地点；提出需用施工机具、劳力、推广新技术计划。工艺流程INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicUMRwwWNCiaY9q2eBVu2vmZBueLGVicV8Xm7Gn6KzYUGEVPe4JoQlzHxA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicwyqvEPc5jsyVQ5wgkpRpcrTccTe2kffT9MuXvIkEoNxNEjRicB1AMEQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicCevgePVISYaFSPUrGRPedTjPky1KMDNg7X8RwMLeDza5HDZEI95licg/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicEFpRF721zNjcTRCPPAEmOf6LqplTuJpicRU3rEXebDlWCnBekjH39YQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicTLia6N39qjZWvJvrYOp0ibq2ica1ib3bjEB6hD4KYhtILjS8sg6grYYlmQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicFH9icicWJn3TNhy1tktlLVMib4rTS6KVth0YJukVT7y86q5WiaXp7OVN5w/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET中心岛式挖土法施工工艺流程INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicfIFrRBpNF6Qc1FosKJ7rDGJiamJMqickl2SSiaGqIFZ4GicfFCXY7Jogyg/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET五、施工要点一、一般分层法施工要点INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicWqKuMxSCHPrxN2KMVJNP1ria6A71N7hzLBowpg5vsd8djfhbkmBtGQA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicMFry5icSXxOjGicrUIPo9WPAkz4MOAcknKS9TibcibtJ8tzqlXPiaEibXnuA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcictsUAaoCtRh7FtSrF7QulMrqT5YT0QuI4QOUyRV1PE6CsRleEqgrPxw/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicicIicr7wI7L2Oo1VRpJbe995Z3SCZc4UY89B8tZswXfGu1ibGeZ1v8P9Q/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET二、支护分层法施工要点INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicGutH9nDMbE9icAQUyH8fR492vOyG14l8obobhVxE3loEVBkLkOr9BmQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicMht4wUST5YXqSkZ556oMSQUckL2KSWubvy1t3tLUFgGfiakABPhUWXg/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicsT8RwXtGmibXbd1tIKuPbdeYEUlXxz9ib63VsvTnGSNuIpMUm9x68Q8A/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicsibqrQjRRRBLSd7UdLFm36PCVKhhwD6yXSFKUC4bL2CFqAY3efAfIgQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET三、盆式开挖法施工要点INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicb8gsb1Bx202fORefvQpJZeia9BsS0w9E4BfmiaX6QB5vhsRI3vMQWsicA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcic6BkOyg6vHVQTUgibJLa9dybtEJaDbfiafRicmHSwG2h2PfT9yb0VPZrVg/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET四、中心岛式挖土法施工要点INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicyo1Xe6BddBoJeWtDcU7FLoicLypCw9dYP4HyBYNMZJxO1DuwVBz6ZaA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcic4Zp1rksw8bSeoibh2mwT9qV2RpMvkibRLC2EkAiaCCuK0lLIGctREUznA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET五、逆作挖土法施工要点INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicBt0fcqtExwN6kFZfZJcGtIV7JhLgdJmKCAIIwK4d4DN139KLIzPBMw/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcic40T2NZa1fJqcmoB67Fxvry1ZQ26XwgsdDI0o6OickD5A0BA0xfkjicRg/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicz2JiaMq4goFiarJs7GJZ3JFKXgibJdJUeZV9dLzkqJndicyibat1jjh08hg/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcic8TxPNheqbR1aOfKhU2ref1nxeEib2icJbeM4Omv1KvoCfF3BL051vL8g/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicXmxXTVkiaF8W2TRUbCntUKPLsq4rdJgzyXKATuAzlMeFiamYsmCLCdXQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET六、质量控制要点及检验标准1、土方工程施工前应进行挖、填方的平衡计算，综合考虑土方运距最短、运程合理和各个工程项目的合理施工程序等，做好土方平衡调配，减少重复挖运。2、当土方工程挖方较深时，施工单位应采取措施，防止基坑底部土的隆起并避免危害周边环境。3、在挖方前，应做好地面排水和降低地下水位工作。4、平整场地的表面坡度应符合设计要求，如设计无要求，排水沟方向坡度不应小于2‰。平整后的场地表面应逐点检查。检查点为每100～400㎡取1点，但不应少于10点；长度、宽度和边坡均为每20m取1点，每边不应少于1点。5、土方工程施工，应经常测量和校核其平面位置、水平标高和边坡坡度。平面控制桩和水准控制点应采取可靠的保护措施。定期复制和检查。土方不应堆在基坑边缘6、检验标准INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicCEaAFzGrXIRRDF5mOeEibgfbYzpdDskhlsahibErufPbVqfYoSSWsl2w/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicj5ogVuNPiaybtssPpiaqG5iatLhKT3cmEk2xI4d30KibIndy0OzpJnyyfA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET第二部分土方回填施工一、编制说明INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcic05fue3wheF22kwgvXLj11jSib0jI2SFz72Qt4Qj0x7xDXdDV2O1Zxvw/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET二、施工准备（一）技术准备1、施工前进行回填土分项工程的安全、技术交底工作，做好标高的抄测和分层厚度标定工作2、对土料见证取样，送实验室进行土质实验。3、准备现场检测工具，核实回填土的压实系数是否达到设计要求。（二）材料机具准备（1）施工现场车辆行走道路以及材料堆放场地。（2）备好转运、夯实机械(如装载机、打夯机等)、电缆、照明设备及手推车、铁锹、靠尺等工具。（3）回填土不得含有有机杂质，其粒径不大于50mm，含水率符合规定。抄测好填土标高线，并且按要求分好各层回填厚度。回填土内不得含有植物、砖块等杂物，为保证回填质量必须清理干净。三、工艺流程INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicVlSlZewtQqe7qMoauYVXEyZ4rMtEatqIjzJnwXtwExeaa5WdeApVRw/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINET四、施工要点INCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcic3xEKibSIcMGuicodbqOr0olibKcO1Urd5ZMejNMzRfroKOxcMGfQBrnfQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicKMGzbEVKbqSaLDYyF7icePIc24gUG6l0VP0J39F2GxSZDzQWkeT8HiaQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicbibA9yenZOPicobfrBDkkeultfTPZZ1khuoKfHwwogxVdicKAMJf8akDA/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicxY0ogG7SNb6v9FdQIbicyoqzUaPv43icYBHr3gzzhHA8tvVrXMjR81JQ/640?wx_fmt=png"\*MERGEFORMATINETINCLUDEPICTURE\d"/mmbiz_png/DlZ38IVe2tLm6MHogLttHwBITYdSNtcicf