动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则

动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则规则动词的过去式变化如下：

1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：

work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted

2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：

live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped

3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：

study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried

4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：

stop---stopped

5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

go–wentmake–madeget–gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew

不规则动词的过去式的构成

1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：

begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam

2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：

drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote

3．改动词原形中的aw／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：

draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）

4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：

get—got，forget—forgot

5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：

feed—fed，meet—met

6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：

keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept

7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：

break—broke，speak—spoke

8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：

sell—sold，tell—told

9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：

stand—stood，understand—understood

10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如：

bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught

11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如：

can—could，shall—should，will—would

12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：

come—came，become—became

13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：

hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:d〕，say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕

14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：

let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕

15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：

am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have／has—had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took

过去式“-ed”的发音规则

（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，

want→wanted（要）need→needed（需要）

（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。

help→helped（帮助）laugh→laughed（笑）look→looked（看）

kiss→kissed（吻）wash→washed（洗）watch→watched（注视）

（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。

call→called（叫）stay→stayed（停留）cry→cried（哭）5.不规则动词:动词由原形转变为过去式时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词。小学常见的动词不规则过去式如：是be/is/am/are-was,是are-were,来come-came,去go-went,有have-had,做/干do-did,做make-made读read-read,放put-put,切割cut-cut,写write-wrote,带走take-took,买buy-bought,带来bring-brought,想think-thought,看见see-saw,说say-said,说话speak-spoke,打破break-broke,得到get-got,跑run-ran,告诉tell-told,唱sing-sang,喝drink-drank,吃eat-ate,游泳swim-swam,开始begin-began,偷steal-stole,遇见meet-met,卖sell-sold,坐sit-sat,跑run-ran,读read-read,想要want-want,知道know/known等等规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：1.在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked,helped,watched,stopped2.在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed,studied,moved,called3.在t/d后读作[id]。如：wanted,needed不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1.以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt4.以ow/aw结尾的词，把ow/aw变成ew。如：blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt6.含有元音字母o/i的词，将o/i变成a。如：sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank但也有例外，如get的过去式是got，与第一条不符，仅仅是大多数动词符合。编辑本段不规则变化动词表：原形过去式过去分词bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegunbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtcomecamecomecutcutcutdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardknowknewknownleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademademeetmetmetputputputreadreadreadrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserisenrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetshutshutshutsingsangsungsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptspeakspokespokenspendspentspentstandstoodstoodswimswamswumsweepsweptswepttaketooktakenteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwearworewornwritewrotewrittenAAA型过去式、过去分词与原形一致原形过去式过去分词词义cutcutcut切、割shutshutshut关、闭（门窗）putputput放置letletlet让setsetset设置hithithit撞击hurthurthurt受伤；疼痛costcostcost值…钱；花费read[ri:d]read[red]read[red]朗读；阅读AAB型过去式与原形一致beatbeatbeaten击败ABA型过去分词与原形一致runranrun跑步；逃跑comecamecome来becomebecamebecome变得；成为ABB型过去式与过去分词一致buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought打架；打仗thinkthoughtthought想；认为seeksoughtsought寻找；探究bringbroughtbrought带来catchcaughtcaught抓住；接住teachtaughttaught教；教书lendlentlent借出sendsentsent送；派遣spendspentspent花费（时间、金钱）buildbuiltbuilt建设；建立feelfeltfelt感觉；摸起来leaveleftleft离开keepkeptkept保持；保留sleepsleptslept睡觉oversleepoversleptoverslept睡过头sweepsweptswept打扫mean[mi:n]meant[ment]meant[ment]意思是learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned学；学会burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned燃烧；烧伤hear[hiE]heard[hE:d]heard[hE:d]听见leadledled领导；致使misleadmisledmisled把…引错方向feedfedfed喂养；喂食fleefledfled逃跑meetmetmet遇见；碰到shootshotshot射击lightlit/lightedlit/lighted点燃getgotgot获得；得到winwonwon获胜；赢得sitsatsat坐下digdugdug挖掘stickstuckstuck刺；戳hanghunghung悬挂hanghangedhanged绞死sellsoldsold出售telltoldtold告诉smellsmeltsmelt闻；嗅spellspeltspelt拼写holdheldheld拿着；握住findfoundfound找到；发现standstoodstood站立understandunderstoodunderstood理解laylaidlaid下蛋paypaidpaid付款say[sei]said[sed]said[sed]说have/hashadhad有makemademade制作shineshone/shinedshone/shined照耀lose[lu:z]lost[lRst]lost[lRst]丢失ABC型原形、过去式、过去分词不一致beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝；饮ringrangrung铃（响）；打电话singsangsung唱歌sinksanksunk下沉swimswamswum游泳blowblewblown吹；刮风flyflewflown飞；放（风筝）knowknew[nju:]known知道；懂得growgrewgrown种植；生长throwthrewthrown扔；投drawdrewdrawn绘画showshowedshown出示；给…看breakbrokebroken打破；不服从speakspokespoken说话stealstolestolen偷choosechosechosen选择freezefrozefrozen冻结wakewokewoke/woken醒来；唤醒forgetforgotforgotten忘记taketooktaken拿走mistakemistookmistaken错拿shakeshookshaken摇动；握（手）eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下；摔倒riseroserisen[rizn]上升；上涨drivedrovedriven[drivn]驾驶givegavegiven给forgiveforgaveforgiven原谅seesawseen看见r