高考英语一轮基础知识复习：必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future

Unit3Lifeinthefuture高考英语一轮基础知识复习：知识归纳单词名词指人：guide,steward,stewardess,citizen,typist,representative指物：jet,tablet,capsule,mask,carriage,switch,mud,receiver,typewriter,button,dustbin,goods,material,belt其它：adjustment,impression,opening,surroundings,timetable,instant,postage,postcode,ecology,settlement,motivation,desert,aspect

单词动词tolerate,lack,press,fasten,flash,swallow,recycle形容词constant,optimistic,previous,uncertain,surrounding,greedy副词constantly,sideways短语词汇表takeup,bebackonone'sfeet,safetybelt,losesightof,sweepup,slideinto,speedup

课文中asaresult,besimilarto,innotime,inalldirections,asthough/if,bymagic,spreadsomefoodonthetable,fallfastasleep,showsb.around,moveon,workpractices,performtasks语法过去分词作定语和状语1.____________n.方面;层面2.____________adj.在前的;早先的3.____________adj.不确切的;无把握的4.____________n.指导;向导;导游

vt.指引;指导5.____________vt.容忍;忍受6.____________vi.&vt.缺乏;没有

n.缺乏;短缺的东西7.____________vt.系牢;扎牢aspectpreviousguidetoleratelackfasten知识清单uncertain(一)基本单词8.____________n.开关;转换vt.转换9.____________vt.&vi.(使)闪光;(使)闪现10.____________adj.乐观(主义)的11.____________n.沙漠;荒原12.____________n.公民；居民；市民13.____________n.打字员14.____________n.打字机15.____________n.接受者;接收器;

电话听筒16.____________n.原料;材料flashoptimisticdesertmaterialreceiverswitchcitizentypisttypewriter17.____________vt.回收利用;再利用18._______________n.代表;典型人物

adj.典型的;有代表性的19.____________n.动机20.____________vt.

吞下、咽下;吞没21.

____________adj.贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的swallowrecyclerepresentativemotivationgreedy22.____________n.印象;感想;印记

→____________v.(使)印象深刻;铭记

23.____________adj.时常发生的;连续不断的→___________adv.不断地

24._____________n.周围的事物;环境

______________adj.周围的

→__________v.环绕;包围

25._______vt.按;压;逼迫

n.按、压;印刷;新闻

→__________n.压力;挤压;压迫impressionimpressconstantconstantlysurroundingssurroundpresspressure

(二)派生单词surrounding26.__________n.瞬间;片刻

adj.立即的;立刻的

→___________adv.立即;立刻27.___________n.定居;解决

→_________v.解决;定居

→_________n.定居者instantinstantlysettlementsettlesettler1.拿起;接受;开始;继续2.(困境后)恢复;完全复原3.看不见…4.打扫;横扫5.(快捷而悄声地)移动;溜进…takeupbebackonone’sfeetlosesightof…sweepupslideinto(三)短语6.加速7.结果8.与……相似9.向四面八方10.带领某人参观speedupasaresultbesimilartoinalldirectionsshowsb.around1.constantadj.不变的;固定的;时常发生的;

连续不断的

constantlyadj.经常地;不断地课文原句:IhavetoremindmyselfconstantlythatIamreallyinAD3008．我得不断提醒自己,我真的已经进入到了公元3008年了。核心要点(一)单词【辨析】

constant/continual/continuousconstantadj.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。

continualadj.连续不断的,频繁的,表示时断时续地发生。

continuousadj.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。用continual/constant/continuous填空。

(1)Thatdog’sbarkingisa___________annoyance. (2)Ourhomesandofficesneeda___________supplyofelectricity. (3)Everythingintheuniverseisin________motion.continualcontinuousconstant2.previousadj.

在前的;早先的课文原句:

Thisissimilartothe“jetlag”yougetfromflying,butitseemsyoukeepgettingflashbacksfromyourprevioustimeperiod.

这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似,所不同的是,在你脑子里似乎会不断闪现以前的时光。previousto...

在……前;先于……(to为介词)【拓展】

previouslyadv.先前地;以前地3.guiden.

指导者;向导;导游v.引导;指导课文原句:However,myfriendandguide,WangPing,wasveryunderstandingandgavemesomegreentabletswhichhelpedalot.但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细心体贴,给了我几粒绿色药片,倒是挺起作用的。【归纳】

guide作动词时,意为:①为某人领路,指引;②指导,影响(某人的行为);③(向某人)解释,阐明(常和介词through连用)。

e.g.Wewereguidedaroundthemuseums.Theoldwomanwasalwaysguidedbyherreligiousbeliefs.Guideyourstudentsthroughtheprogramonesectionatatime.guide作名词时,意为:①指南,手册；②旅行指南,旅行手册；③向导,导游；④指导的事物,判断的依据。e.g.Detailsofhowtousethevariousprogramsareintheuserguide.It’saguidetoItaly,whichyoumayfindusefulwhiletravelingthere.Wehiredalocalguidetogetusacrossthemountains.IneverfollowrecipesexactlywhenIcook—Ijustusethemasroughguides.4.toleratev.

忍受;容忍课文原句:Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。【归纳】

toleratesth.容忍/忍受某事

toleratesb.doingsth.容忍/忍受某人做某事【拓展】

tolerance

n.宽容;忍耐力

havetolerancefor...忍受……

beyondtolerance无法忍受

showtolerancetowardssb.对某人宽容

tolerantadj.容忍的;忍受的;宽容的

betolerantof容忍……;忍受……运用上述词汇完成下列情景。Recently,thereisonethingthatIcanhardly________.Thatisthenoisymusiccomingfromanearbyshop.Frankly,Icannever________listeningtosuchkindofmusic.Thatis,itisbeyondmy_________.ButmymotheralwaystellsmethatIshouldbe_________ofthatnoise.Anyway,theyneedittoattractmorecustomers.toleratetoleratetolerancetolerant5.lack

【归纳】

v.缺乏;没有。不用于被动结构,也不用于进行体。

lackfor+n.(多用于否定句中)表示缺乏什么或在某方面缺少

n.缺乏;短缺的东西

(a)lackof...缺乏……forlackof...因……的缺乏【拓展】

lackingadj.短缺的;缺乏的

belackingin

缺少课文原句:Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。完成句子。

(1)Hesoldhiscar_________________(缺钱)．

(2)It’sverykindofyou,butwe________________(不缺乏)ofteachershere. (3)We_________________(缺少)apples.foralackofmoneyhavenolacklack/arelackingin6.pressv.

按;压;逼迫

n.

按;压;出版社;新闻界;报刊课文原句:Thesecarriagesfloatabovethegroundandbybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmoveswiftly.这些气垫车是在地面上方漂浮着的,只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯或压下,你就可以迅速地移动。【归纳】v.按;压;逼迫press(down)sth.踩下;按下某物presssth.into...把某物塞进……presssth.outof…

从……中榨出presson

按；将……压在……上presssb.todosth.力劝某人做某事n.

按;压;出版社;新闻界;报刊press作“报界,新闻界”解,用作主语时,其谓语动词既可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。

in(the)press在印刷中

写出下列句子中press的含义 (1)

Thelittleboyspressedtheirnoses

againsttheglass.

________ (2)

Yourbookhasgonetopress.

_______ (3)

Pleasedon’tpressmeonthispoint.

I

havenomoretosay.

____________按;压印刷逼迫于7.switchv.

交换；改变；转换

n.开关；转换课文原句:

ThenWangPingflashedaswitchonacomputerscreen,andatableandsomechairsrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic.然后王平在电脑屏幕上的开关上闪了一下,于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。【归纳】

v.交换；改变；转换

switchon开动;打开；接通

switchoff切断;关掉

switchto转换

switchfrom…

从……转变

switchinto

变为

n.开关；转换

makeaswitch进行改变【温馨提示】表示“打开;切断电源、开关”等意义时

switchon/off可以与turnon/off互换。8.instantadj.

立即的;立刻的

n.瞬间;片刻课文原句：Youplacethemetalbandoveryouhead,clearyourmind,pressthesendingbutton,thinkyourmessageandthenextinstantit’ssent.你把这种金属带子放在你的头上,排除杂念,按下发送键,集中精神想着你要传递的信息,片刻功夫信息就发出去了。n.瞬间;片刻【归纳】

inaninstant

立即

atthatinstant在那瞬间

foraninstant

片刻

theinstant(that)一……就……

(＝assoonas/immediately/directly)【拓展】

instantly

adv.立即地,即刻地完成句子。(1)我马上就回来。

Ishallbeback____________.(2)我一时答不上来。

Icouldn’tanswer______________.(3)我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。

________________________IsawhimIknewhewasthemanthepolicewerelookingfor.inaninstantforaninstantInstantly/Theinstant

(that)1.takeup

占有(时间/空间);开始从事;发展某种爱好;拿起；出现课文原句:

IstillcannotbelievethatIamtakingupthisprizethatIwonlastyear.我始终不能相信就在去年我得到了这个奖项。(二)短语【拓展】takedown

取下,拿下;记录,记下;拒绝takeoff拿走,取下,去掉;(飞机)起飞;脱掉

(衣服)takeon呈现(新面貌);雇佣；承担takeover接管;接替;移交takeaway拿走;带走takein领会,理解;接待,收留;吸收;

欺骗,使上当takeback拿回;收回(说过的话)take...for当作;误认为完成句子。(1)我将同我的律师一起着手处理此事。

I’mgoingto_____thismatter_____withmylawyer.(2)那家超市还在雇佣更多的售货员吗？

Isthesupermarket_________anymoreassistants?(3)我度假时,他接替我的工作。

Hewill__________myjobwhileIamonholiday.takeuptakingontakeover2.losesightof看不见;忽略某事课文原句：

However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.可是,当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时,由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。【拓展】catchsightof...瞥见,突然看见loseone’ssight

失明inone’ssight在某人看来,依某人意见atfirstsight乍一看atthesightof一看到……就outofsight看不到,在视野之外in/withinsightof在视野内完成句子。1)看到母亲,他激动地大哭起来。

_____________hismother,hecriedwithexcitement.2)我看见她匆忙走开了,但我没想跟她讲话。

I______________herhurryingawaybutIdidn’ttrytospeak.3)火车很快就看不见了。

Thetrainwassoon_____________.Atthesightofcaughtsightofoutofsight3.sweepup打扫;清扫;横扫

课文原句:Hewassweptupintothecentreofthem.

他被卷入到这群车队里了。【拓展】

sweepover

涌上……心头,使……难以抑制

sweepout清扫,扫掉

sweepaway冲走;清除

sweepthrough(消息等)迅速传遍于……;扫过,掠过……4.speedup加速课文原句：Whenwewantedthehoveringcarriagetospeedup,wepresseddownhardonthedrivingpedalandbentoverinthedirectionwewantedtogo.当我们想让盘旋的气垫车加速时,我们使劲踩下驾驶踏板,并驶向我们想去的方向。

【拓展】

buildupspeed加速

reducethespeed减速

ata/thespeedof以……的速度

athigh/low/full/topspeed

高/低/全/最快速

speedacross

疾驶通过

speedoverthecountry

迅速在全国传开完成句子。(1)警车以每小时100英里的速度追赶前面的那辆卡车。

Thepolicecarisrunning______________100milesperhourtochaseafterthetruckaheadofit.(2)一出车站,火车就开始加速。

Onceoutsidethestation,thetrainbeganto_______________.atthespeedofpickupspeed语法过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语,可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。这时分词表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Askedwhyhewaslate,Tomsaiditwasbecauseofthetrafficjam.Exhaustedbythelongjourney,Mr.Greensoonfellasleep.Givenmoremoney,Iwillbuyanotherdress.Thewomanenteredtheroom,followedbyherhusband.Laughedatbymanyothercolleagues,Davidwentonwithhisplan.过去分词作时间、条件等状语时,可转换为对应的状语从句。如：Offeredhelp,weshouldsay“Thankyou”or“It’skindofyou”.=Whenweareofferedhelp,weshouldsay“Thankyou”or“It’skindofyou”.Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.=Iftheyaregrowninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.过去分词作状语,可以在其前面加if,once,although等连词,构成“连词+分词”形式。如：Ifbittenbyasnake,youshouldaskforhelp.Onceseen,thepaintingwillbeneverforgotten.Althoughdefeatedagain,theplayerstilldidnotgivein.

【拓展】过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别：过去分词作状语时,表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系；动词-ing形式作状语时,通常与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系。如：Seenfromthehill,thecountrysideisveryattractive.（seen与countryside之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）Seeingfromthehill,youcanfindthecountrysideattractive.（you与seeing之间是逻辑上的主谓关系）用括号内所给(短语)动词的正确形式填空。1.__________(translate)intoGerman,thesentencehasadifferentwordorder.2._____________(find)theresearchverydifficult,Anndecidedtogiveitup.3._________(remind)nottomisstheflight,theprofessorgotupveryearly.4.If__________(carryout)regularly,exercisecanbuildupourhealth.TranslatedHavingfoundRemindedcarriedout5.________(look)atTony’sface,Ireadthesamedisappointmentinhiseyes.6.Don’tsayanythingunless________(speak)to.Lookingspoken如何写想象类作文

想象类作文不但考查大家的语言能力,而且给了大家更为广阔的思维空间。我们可以充分发挥想象力,畅想美好的未来。写作【写作任务】你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“未来的新型城市”的英语沙龙活动。请根据下列要点,发挥自己的想象力用英语写一篇发言稿。

1.新型城市产生的原因；

2.新型城市的运作模式。注意：1.词数120左右；

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。

Goodmorning,everyone.I'mgladtosharemyviewon“thenewcityinthefuture”.__________________________________________________________________________Thankyou!【写作指导】审题定调本篇习作形式上是一篇发言稿,属于应用文。发言稿的正文要求描述未来的城市,属于说明文,故时态应以一般将来时为主,多用被动语态。另外,作为发言稿,应使用口语化且较为正式的语言,要做到通俗易懂。谋篇布局该发言稿正文可分三部分来写：第一部分：阐述原因（如土地缺少、交通拥挤、污染严重等）；第二部分：介绍其运作模式；第三部分：展望未来。组织语言1.第一部分：阐述新型城市产生的原因。普通表达Theworld'spopulationisgrowing.Theoceansarerisingbecauseofglobalwarming.Drylandwillbecometoocrowded.高级表达Asaresultofrisingsealevelscausedbyglobalwarmingandexplodingpopulation,ourlandisbecomingtoocrowded.2.第二部分：介绍新型城市的运作模式。普通表达Islandsfullofgreenplantswillbecreatedontheseaandcitieswillbebuiltonthem.Inthecenterofthecity,therewillbeahugetowerforpeopletoworkandlivein.Thecitywillbepoweredbysolar,wind,andwaveenergy.TherewillbelargegardensforpeopleTogrowcrops.高级表达Thefloatingcitywillbelocatedonaman-madeisland,whichwillbealmostentirelycoveredinthevegetation.Ahugetoweratthecitycenterwillactbothasworkplaceandhousingforitscitizens.Thecitywillusesolar,wind,andwavepowertokeepitfunctioninganduseitslargegardenstosupplyfood.3.第三部分：展望未来。普通表达Anythingispossibleifwekeepmakingprogressinscienceandtechnology.高级表达Itwillcometruewiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.【范文展示】◀普通范文▶Goodmorning,everyone.I'mgladtosharemyviewon“thenewcityinthefuture”.Asweallknow,theworld'spopulationisconstantlygrowing.Atthesametime,theoceansarerisingbecauseofglobalwarming.Thismeansthatdrylandwillbecometoocrowded.Inmyopinion,alloftheproblemswillbesolvedbybuildingfloatingcitiesonthesea.Inthefuture,islandsfullofgreenplantswillbecreatedontheseaandcitieswillbebuiltonthem.Inthecenterofthecity,therewillbeahugetowerforpeopletoworkandlivein.Thecitywillbepoweredbysolar,wind,andwaveenergy.Andtherewillbelargegardensforpeopletogrowcrops.Thisisnotadream.Ibelieveanythingispossibleifwekeepmakingprogressinscienceandtechnology.Thankyou!◀高级范文▶Goodmorning,everyone.I'mgladtosharemyviewon“thenewcityinthefuture”.Asaresultofrisingsealevelscausedbyglobalwarmingandexplodingpopulation,ourlandisbecomingtoocrowded.Therefore,I'vecomeupwiththeideaofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatosolvetheproblems.Thefloatingcitywillbelocatedonman-madeislands,whichwillbealmostentirelycoveredinthevegetation.Ahugetoweratthecitycenterwillactbothasworkplaceand

housingforitscitizens.Thecitywillusesolar,wind,andwavepowertokeepitfunctioninganduseitslargegardenstosupplyfood.Thisisabsolutelynotsciencefiction.Ibelieveitwillcometruewiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

Thankyou!巩固练习I.

用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Thefirmhastwo_______________(represent)ineveryEuropeancity.2.Wecouldseethestarsthrougha(n)_________(open)intheroof.3.Alotofthechildrenattheschooldonotliveinthetown,butcomeinfromthe____________(surround)countryside.openingrepresentativessurrounding

4.Theheadlinegaveafalse__________(impress)ofwhatthearticlewasabout.5.Unionleadersandcompanybosseswillmeettomorrowinanattempttoreacha(n)___________(settle).settlement

impressionII.

选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。losesightof,bymagic,sweepup,speedup,takeup,slideinto,showaround,asaresult1.Asif________thewaitersuddenlyappearedwithatrayofdrinks.2.Theteacherfoundthattheotherchildrenhadgone,leavingonlyJaneto__________thebitsofpaperandbrokenglass.sweepupbymagiclosesightof,bymagic,sweepup,speedup,takeup,slideinto,showaround,asaresult3.Wewere______________theschoolbyoneofthestudents.4.Weshouldn’t_____________thefactthateducationisimportant.5.I’msorrytohave___________somuchofyourvaluabletime.6.Youaredrivingveryslowly.Do________abitorwe’llnevergettothedestination.s