全球甲烷排放量分析报告-培训课件外文版2024.5

POLITICS

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SOCIETYMethaneemissionsworldwideCHAPTER

01OverviewAnnualgreenhousegasemissionsworldwidefrom1970to2022(inbillionmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)Globalgreenhousegasemissions1970-20226055504540353025203Description:Globalgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsincreased1.7percentin2022toreachahighof53.8billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(GtCO₂e).ꢀSince1990,globalGHGemissionshaveincreasedbymorethan60percent.ꢀCO₂accountsforroughlythreequartersofꢀgreenhousegasemissions,andisthemaindriverofclimatechange.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1970to2022Source(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023));IEADistributionofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsworldwidein2022,bytypeofgasShareofglobalgreenhousegasemissions2022,bygasNitrousoxide(N₂O)4.8%Fluorinatedgases*2.6%Methane(CH4)21%Carbondioxide(CO₂)71.0%4Description:Carbondioxideistheprimarygreenhousegas(GHG)emittedbyhumanactivities,andaccountedforalmostthree-quartersofglobalGHGemissionsin2022.ThemainsourcesofCO₂emissionsarefossilfuelcombustionfromtransportationandpowergeneration.Meanwhile,methanecontributed21percenttototalGHGemissions.AlthoughCO₂isthemostabundantGHG,methanehasahigherꢀglobalwarmingpotential(GWP).Overa100-yearperiod,theGWPofmethaneisalmost[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*F-GasesincludeHFCs,CFCs,andSF.ReadmoreSource(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023));IEAGlobally-averagedmeanatmosphericmethane(CH4)abundancefrom1990to2022(inpartsperbillion)Globalaverageatmosphericabundanceofmethane1990-20221,9501,9001,8501,8001,7501,7001,6505Description:Theglobally-averagedmeanatmosphericmethane(CH4)abundancereachedahighof1,911.82partspermillionin2022.Annualatmosphericmethaneconcentrationshaveincreased12percentsince1990.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):ESRLGlobalwarmingpotentials(GWP)ofmethane(CH4)emissionsoverselecttime-scalesasof2021,bytypeGlobalwarmingpotentials(GWP)ofmethaneemissions2021,bytypeandperiodNon-fossilmethane82.5Fossilmethane908070605040302010079.729.827GWP20-yeartimeperiodGWP100-yeartimeperiod6Description:Methanehasashorterlifespanthancarbondioxide,livingintheatmosphereforaroundadecade.However,itisafarmorepotentgreenhousegas.Overa100-yeartimeperiod,theglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)ofmethaneemissionsisroughly28timesgreaterthancarbondioxide,andaround80timesmorepotentovera20-yearperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):IATP;IPCC;TheChangingMarketsFoundationNumberofnewpoliciesandmeasuresrelatedtomethaneabatementfrom2010to2022,byjurisdictionNumberofnewpoliciesandmeasuresrelatedtomethaneabatement2010-2022NationalInternational35302520154411127262625101816161411501088620102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120227Description:In2022,therewere30newpoliciesandmeasuresrelatedtomethaneabatementworldwide.26ofthesepolicieswereonanationallevel,whilefourwereinternational.In2021,theUnitedStatesandEuropeanUnionannouncedtheGlobalMethanePledge,whichaimstoreduceglobalmethaneemissionsby30percentfrom2020levelsby2030.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2022Source(s):IEACHAPTER

02TotalemissionsAnnualmethane(CH4)emissionsworldwidefrom1970to2022(inmillionmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)Annualmethaneemissionsworldwide1970-202212,50011,50010,5009,5008,5007,5006,5001970

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20229Description:Globalmethane(CH4)emissionsreachedahighof11.3billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(GtCO₂e)in2022.Thisaccountedforroughly21percentoftotalglobalꢀgreenhousegasemissionsthatyear.Methaneemissionshaverisenbymorethan32percentsince1990.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1970to2022Source(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023))Annualmethane(CH4)emissionspercapitaworldwidefrom1990to2022(inmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)Globalpercapitamethaneemissions1990-20221.71.61.61.51.51.41.410Description:Globalpercapitamethane(CH4)emissionsaveraged1.42metrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(tCO₂e)in2022.Althoughpercapitamethaneemissionshaveseenlittlechangesincetheturnofthecentury,theyhavefallenconsiderablywhencomparedto1990levels.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):EDGAR/JRCLargestmethane-emittingcountriesworldwidein2022(inmillionmetrictons)Globallargestmethaneemitters2022,bycountryEmissionsinmillionmetrictons3001020405060ChinaUnitedStatesIndia55.731.829.7Russia24.4Brazil20IndonesiaPakistanIran14.37.77.4Nigeria6.66.1Mexico11Description:Chinawastheworld'slargestmethaneemitterin2022,havingreleased55.7millionmetrictonsworthofmethane.TheUnitedStatesandIndiarankedsecondandthirdthatyear,witheachcountryemittingroughly30millionmetrictonsofmethane.Ofthetoptenlargestmethaneemitters,fourwerenotparticipantsoftheGlobalMethanePledge.TheseincludeChina,India,Russia,andIran.Methane'sglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)isroughly80timesgreaterthancarbondioxideovera[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;EstimatesSource(s):IEACumulativemethane(CH4)emissionsinselectedcountriesworldwidefrom1850to2021(inbillionmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)Cumulativemethaneemissionsinselectedcountriesworldwide1850-2021EmissionsinGtCO₂e0102030405060708090100110ChinaEU-2797.0885.13UnitedStatesIndia78.3171Russia46.34Brazil29.27UnitedKingdomIndonesiaAustraliaMexico19.1417.2113.7109.818.92IranCanadaJapan5.354.5SaudiArabia12Description:Chinaisthelargestmethane(CH4)emitterinhistory,havingreleasedtheequivalentof97billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(GtCO₂e)since1850.ThecountriesthatcurrentlymakeuptheEuropeanUnion(EU-27)rankedsecond,followedbytheUnitedStatesandIndia.Asof2021,thesefourmajoreconomieshadreleasedmorethan300GtCO₂efromfossilfuels,industry,andagriculturalprocessessince1850.Methaneisapotentgreenhousegaswithaglobalwarming[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1850to2021Source(s):Expert(s)(Jonesetal.(2023));OWID;Annualincreaseinglobally-averagedatmosphericmethane(CH4)from1985to2022(inpartsperbillion)Globalannualincreaseinatmosphericmethaneabundance1985-202220151050-5-1013Description:Globally-averagedatmosphericmethaneincreasedinabundanceby13.97partsperbillionin2022,comparedtothepreviousyear.Methane(CH4)isagreenhousegasstrongerthancarbondioxidebuthasashorterresidencetimeintheatmosphere.In2022,theglobally-averagedatmosphericCH4abundancewasaround1,912partsperbillion.Inrecentyears,globalCH4emissionssurpassed10.5billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1985to2022Source(s):ESRL;NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationGlobally-averaged,monthlymeanatmosphericmethane(CH4)abundancefrom1990to2023(inpartsperbillion)Globalaverageatmosphericabundanceofmethane1990-2023,bymonth1,9501,9001,8501,8001,7501,7001,65014Description:Themonthlyglobally-averagedatmosphericmethaneabundancereachedahighof1,924.65partsperbillion(ppb)inDecember2022.Globally-averagedannualatmosphericmethaneconcentrationshaverisendramaticallyoverthepastthreedecades.Methaneisapowerfulgreenhousegasandhasagreaterglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)thancarbondioxide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January1990toJuly2023Source(s):ESRLCHAPTER

03SegmentsAnnualmethane(CH4)emissionsworldwidefrom1990to2022,bysector(inmillionmetrictonsofCO₂equivalent)Methaneemissionsworldwide1990-2022,bysectorAgricultureFuelExploitationWasteBuildingsTransportIndustrialCombustionProcessesPowerIndustry12,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000016Description:Agricultureisthesinglelargestcontributortoglobalmethaneemissions.In2022,agriculturalprocesses,suchentericfermentationandmanuremanagement,emitted4.6billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalent(GtCO₂)methane.Thisaccountedforroughly41percentoftotalmethaneemissionsthatyear.Agricultureemissionshaverisenby13percentworldwidesince1990.Meanwhile,methaneemissionsfromfuelexploitationandthewastesectorhaverisenbymorethan50[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023));VarioussourcesDistributionofmethane(CH4)emissionsworldwidein2022,bysectorGlobalshareofmethaneemissions2022,bysectorTransport0.3%IndustrialCombustion0.2%Processes0.1%PowerIndustry0.1%Buildings2.8%Waste23.1%Agriculture40.6%FuelExploitation32.8%17Description:Agriculture-relatedactivitiesandprocesses,suchentericfermentation,wereresponsibleforroughly41percentofglobalmethaneemissionsin2022.Agriculture,togetherwithfuelexploitationandthewastesector,accountedforaround97percentofglobalmethaneemissionsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023));VarioussourcesChangeinmethane(CH4)emissionsworldwidefrom1990to2022,bysector(inpercent)Changeinmethaneemissionsworldwide1990-2022,bysectorChangeinemissions2005to2022

1990to202250%

100%-50%Agriculture0%150%200%250%FuelExploitationWasteBuildingsTransportIndustrialCombustion&processesPowerIndustry18Description:Globally,mostsectorshaveobservedanoverallincreaseinmethaneemissionssince1990,withtheexceptionofthetransportationsectorandbuildings.Globalagriculture-relatedmethaneemissionswere15percenthigherin2022whencomparedto1990levels,and13percenthigherwhencomparedto2005levels.Theagriculturesectoristhelargestsourceofglobalmethaneemissions.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):EDGAR/JRC;EuropeanCommission;Expert(s)(Crippaetal.(2023));VarioussourcesGlobalmethaneemissionsfromtheenergysectorfrom2000to2022,bysource(inmillionmetrictonsofmethane)Globalenergysectormethaneemissions2000-2022,byfueltypeOilGasNaturalgasBioenergy1601401201008060402002000200520102015201920202021202219/statistics/1419813/global-methane-emissions-from-energy-sector-by-fuelIn2022,theglobalenergysectoremittedapproximately133millionmetrictonsofmethane(CH).Oilandgasoperationsaccountedformorethanhalfofthistotal.Since2000,globalenergysectorCHemissionshaveincreasedbynearly34percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2022;Emissionsfromend-useequipmentareincludedinthepertainingfuel.Source(s):IEANumberofmethanesuper-emittereventsworldwidein2022,bytypeNumberofmethanesuper-emittereventsglobally2022,bytypeNumberofevents02004006008001,0001,200OilandgasfieldsCoalmines559105Wastesites340Totalevents1,00520Description:Satellitesdetectedmorethan1,000human-causedmethane-superemittereventsworldwidein2022.Themajorityoftheseeventswereleaksfromoilandgasfields.Superemittereventscanlasthours,days,orevenseveralmonths.Theseeventsreleasehundredsoftonsofmethaneintotheatmosphereanhour.Thebiggestmethane-superemittersin2022wereTurkmenistan,India,andtheUnitedStates.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Kayrros;TheGuardianCHAPTER

04CompaniesMethane(CH4)emissionsfromselectedfossilfuelcompaniesworldwidein2021(inmillionmetrictons)Leadingmethane-emittingfossilfuelcompaniesworldwide2021Methaneemissionsinmillionmetrictons0NationalIranianOilCompany(Iran)Gazprom(Russia)12345675.94.1ChinaEnergy(China)3.63.5JinnengGroup(China)ChinaNationalPetroleumCorporation(China)Rosneft(Russia)3.12.52.4SaudiAramco(SaudiArabia)Sonatrach(Algeria)2.22.2ShandongEnergy(China)IraqNationalOilCompany(Iraq)2.122Description:NationalIranianOilCompany(NIOC)emittedanestimated5.9millionmetrictonsofmethanein2021,makingitthebiggestmethane-emitterinthefossilfuelsegment.TheoilandgasgiantGazpromfollowed,withemissionsof4.1millionmetrictons.Thetop30companieswereresponsibleforanestimated54millionmetrictonsofmethaneemissionsin2021,oralmosthalftheglobalenergysector'stotalmethaneemissions.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;EstimatesSource(s):ClimateAccountabilityInstitute;GlobalEnergyMonitor;IEA;NRGICoalminemethane(CH4)emissionsfromstate-ownedandinvestor/privatelyownedenterprisesworldwide(inmillionmetrictons)Leadingmethane-emittingcoalcompaniesworldwide2021,byownershiptypeMethaneemissionsinmillionmetrictonsInvestor-ownedandprivatelyowned0.5

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1.5State-owned2.00.02.53.03.54.0ChinaEnergyJinnengGroup3.63.5ShandongEnergy2.2ChinaCoal1.7ShanxiCokingCoalGroupShaanxiCoalandChemicalIndustryGroupHuayangNewMaterialTechnologyGroupCoalIndia1.61.41.30.9JizhongEnergyGroup0.8ChinaHuanengLu`anChemicalGroup0.71.10.6SiberianCoalEnergyCompany23Description:NationalIranianOilCompany(NIOC)emitted5.9millionmetrictonsofmethanein2021,makingittheglobalenergysector'sbiggestmethane-emitter.TheoilandgasgiantGazpromfollowed,withemissionsof4.1millionmetrictons.Thetop30companieswereresponsibleforanestimated54millionmetrictonsofmethaneemissionsin2021,orroughly4.5billionmetrictonsofcarbondioxideequivalentwhenconvertedintoCO₂eusing20-yearGlobalWarmingPotentialfactor.This[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):ClimateAccountabilityInstitute;GlobalEnergyMonitor;IEA;NRGIEstimatedmethane(CH)emissionsbymajormeatanddairycompaniesworldwideasof2021(inmillionmetrictons)Methaneemissionsofselectedmeatanddairycompaniesworldwide2021Emissionsinmillionmetrictons0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.5JBS(Brazil)Marfrig(Brazil)4.791.88Tyson(U.S.)1.57DairyFarmersofAmerica(U.S.)Lactalis(France)0.990.520.490.420.390.330.320.28Fonterra(NewZealand)Yili(China)Saputo(Canada)Arla(Denmark)Nestlé(Switzerland)FrieslandCampina(Netherlands)WHGroup(China)0.260.23Danone(France)DMKGroup(Germany)DanishCrown(Denmark)0.160.1524Description:Combinedmethane(CH)emissionsof15oftheworld'slargestmeatanddairycompanieswereestimatedatalmost13millionmetrictonsofmethaneasof2021.BrazilianmeatprocessingcompanyJBShadthehighestmethaneemissionsofthegroup,at4.8millionmetrictons.Marfrig,anotherBrazilianmeatprocessingcompany,followedwithemissionsof1.9millionmetrictons.Methaneisasignificantcontributortoglobalwarmingand80timesmorepotentthancarbondioxide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020and2021Source(s):IATP;TheChangingMarketsFoundationMethane(CH4)emissionsfromleadinghydrocarbonproducersintheUnitedStatesin2021(inmetrictons)MethaneemissionsfromtopoilandgasproducersintheU.S.2021Methaneemissionsinmetrictons010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000HilcorpEnergyExxonMobil93,17766,350CaerusOil&GasConocoPhillipsDiversifiedEnergyBKVOperating62,05755,65154,80448,064Occidental39,718IKAV31,45327,752ChesapeakeEnergyCivitasResourcesEndeavorEnergyResourcesTerraEnergyPartnersContinentalResourcesEXCOResourcesSouthwesternEnergy23,37923,08822,10721,24020,82719,04325Description:HilcorpEnergywasthebiggestmethane(CH4)emitteramongmajorU.S.oilandnaturalgasproducersin2021.TheTexas-basedenergyexplorationandproductioncompanyreleasedanestimated93,177metrictonsofmethanethatyear.ExxonMobilfollowedwithemissionsof66,350metrictons.Methaneisapotentgreenhousegaswithaglobalwarmingpotential28timesgreaterthancarbondioxide.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2021Source(s):MJB&ACHAPTER

05OutlookProjectedchangeinbaselineanthropogenicmethane(CH)emissionsworldwidefrom2020to2030,bysubsectorandmodel(inmillionmetrictonsperyear)Globalprojectedchangeinmethaneemissions2020-2030,bysubsectorChangeinemissionsinMt/yrEPAIIASA4-4-202681012SolidWasteLivestockGasWastewaterOilRiceCoal27Description:Globalmethaneemissionsfromlivestockactivitiesareprojectedtoincreaseby5.7millionmetrictonsperyearor7.1millionmetrictonsperyear,accordingtoIIASAandEPAmodels,respectively.Meanwhile,bothmodelsestimatethatannualemissionsfromricecultivationwillseelittlechangeintheperiod,orpossiblydecrease.Whilebothmodelsestimatethatmethaneemissionsfromsolidwastewillchangebyroughlyninemetrictonsperyear,estimatesfortheenergysectordiffer[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):ClimateandCleanAirCoalition;UNEP;VarioussourcesMethane(CH4)emissionsfromoilandgasoperationsworldwidefrom2000to2022,withaprojectionfor2030(inmillionmetrictons)Globalmethaneemissionsfromtheoilandgassector2000-2030OilGas90807060504030201002000

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2030*28Description:Globaloilandgasoperationsproducedover80millionmetrictonsofmethane(CH4)in2022.Methaneemissionsfromoiloperationshaveremainedrelativelystableoverthepasttwodecades,whereasthoserelatedtonaturalgasoperationshaverisendramatically.UndertheIEA'sNetZeroScenario,methaneemissionsfromoilandgasoperationscoulddropbyalmost80percentby2030tolessthan20millionmetrictons.Methaneisapowerfulgreenhousegaswithaglobalwarming[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2022;*ProjectionsundertheIEA'sNetZeroby2050Scenario.ReadmoreSource(s):IEAForecastregionalspendingonadvancedmonitoringofmethaneintheoilandgasindustryby2025,bytechnology(inmillionU.S.dollars)Oilandgasindustrymethanedetectionmarketsizeworldwide2025,bytechnologySatellitesAircraftDronesSensors60050040030020010001175218237343718221162542201324197994823NorthAmericaEuropeAsiaLatinAmericaMiddleEast&Africa29Description:Globalspendingonmonitoringmethaneemissionsintheoilandgasindustryisforecasttoreach918millionU.S.dollarsby2025.TheU.S.isexpectedtodominatethemarket,withspendingonadvanceddetectionofmethaneintheoilandgasindustryamountingtomorethan530millionU.S.dollars,withsatellitesandaircrafttechnologiesaccountingformorethanhalfofthisexpenditure.MethanemonitoringintheU.S.willlikelyfocusonassetsinareaslikethePermianbasinoilfield,[...]Readmore