上海市浦东新区2023-2024学年高三下学期期中教学质量检测英语试卷

浦东新区2023学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测高三英语试卷（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）第一卷I.ListeningComprehension（25分）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.15dollars.B.30dollars.C.35dollars.D.50dollars.2.A.Supervisorandstudent.B.Landlordandrenter.CDoctorandpatient.D.Roommates.3.A.Athome.B.Onapavement.C.Atapolicestation.D.Inanalley.4.A.Childrenshouldusesocialmediamoderately.B.Childrenhaveunlimitedaccesstosocialmedia.C.Parentsneedtohelpchildrenfindtheirrolemodels.D.Parentsshouldexposetheirchildrentosocialmedia.5.A.On15August.B.On16August.C.On17August.D.On19August.6.A.Hedidn’tgetanysleepontheplane.B.Theflywithhisbabywasnoteasy.C.Heappreciatedthecompanyofhisbaby.D.Heenjoyedwatchingmoviesontheplane.7.A.Tofollowthefashiontrend.B.Tokeepsafeontheroad.C.Tomakehimselfappealing.D.Tokeepwarmwhencycling.8.A.Marywillletoutthesecret.B.Maryhurtsherownlips.C.Marydoesn’tknowthemessage.D.Maryistotallytrustworthy.9.A.Startingaschoolnewspaper.B.Settingupbusinesses.C.Lookingforaroommate.D.Earningaccommodationfee.10.A.Thewomanshouldprioritizeherstudy.B.HeisnotafanoftheUniversalStudios.C.Thewomanisbadatrememberingthings.D.Thewomanshouldenjoythecomingholiday.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Italianslearntoaccepttheirpeculiarity.B.ImperfectmodelsinItalyredefinebeauty.C.ItalianmodelsappearinfashionshowsinMilan.D.Imperfectmodelsaccepttheirworkingconditions.12.A.Shesufferedfromseverehairloss.B.Shewasinjuredandeventuallygotdisabilities.C.Shehasamedicalconditionthatresultsinabnormalbodysize.D.Shehasahealthconditionwhichcausesdarkspotsonthebody.13A.SheestablishesthefirstmodellingagencyinItaly.B.Sherealizesandappreciatingthethingsaroundher.C.Shetransformsthewaysheperceivesherweakness.D.Shegetsinvolvedanartmovementorrevolution.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Solidstatebatterieswillfirstappearinelectricvehicles.B.Costmaydiscouragepeoplefromswitchingtoelectricpower.C.Thereareplentyofchargingpointstopluganelectricvehicleinto.D.Afullychargedbatterywilltakeyouasfarasafulltankofpetrol.15.A.Electricmotoringismuchmorefavored.B.Electricmotoringmeansazero-carbonfuture.C.Electricmotoringisnotcompletelyemission-free.D.Electricmotoringmakespublictransportlessdesirable.16.A.Thefutureofelectricvehicles.B.Thedevelopmentofelectricvehicles.C.Theproblemfacedbyelectricvehicles.D.Theprosandconsofelectricvehicles.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.FamilyBudget.B.CityBeats.C.WeeklyEducation.D.FashionBroadway.18.A.Thechannelshouldhiresmarthosts.B.ThechannelshouldcancelLifeBeats.C.Thechannelshouldemploypositiveproducers.D.Thechannelshouldbetterdesignallitsprograms.19.A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.D.OnFriday.20.A.ATVinterviewbytwopeople.B.AprogramsurveyconductedbyaTVchannel.C.Acustomer’scomplaintaboutTVprograms.D.Adiscussionaboutprogramtargetaudience.II.GrammarandVocabulary（20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyWeShouldRecordTravelMomentsOnarainysummerday,ItookatraintoSwitzerlandandtrekkedthroughthemudtoamedievalfortresshighatopacliff.Aftertwistingthroughitsdimlylitcorridors,Ifinally_____1_____(arrive)atthemainviewpointofCaveoftheFairies:aplunging77mwaterfallthatshootsfromundergroundintoasparklingpool.Asthewaterfallwetmyjacket,Iclosedmyeyesandtookoutmyphone_____2_____(record)therushofdreamyrealitybeforeme.Ihadcomeinsearchofasound,notasight.Throughoutmytravels,I’vefoundmyself_____3_____(collect)soundrecordingsthewayotherpeoplecollectsouvenirs.Justassometravellerstakephotosoflandscapesortheirfood,Istarteddoingthisasanartisticwaytohelpmeremembersomeofthemostinterestingdetailsofmytrips.EnvironmentalscientistLaurenKuehnesaid,“Ithinkthatonceyoustarttolisten,onceyouactuallystarttolisten,youstarttoappreciatehowmuch_____4_____(big)theworldis.”Thisattitude_____5_____(echo)bySamaraKester,aretiredemergencymedicinephysicianwhonowservesonQPI’sboard.“Aphotographistwodimensions._____6_____youarelookingatsomethingyou’reseeing,it’smaybe180degrees,maybe270degrees.Soundis360degrees.Youhearitallaroundyou.”Kesterexplained_____7_____teachingherselftobeabetterlistenerhasnotonlyexpandedhersenseoftravel,buthelpedherrelivehertravelsonceshe’sbackhome.“Youimmerse_____8_____inthatplaceagain.Yourecreatethosememoriesandthereforerecreatethefeelingsyouhad,_____9_____areveryhardtoexpressclearly.Youcanre-experiencethatandthatwillsendyoutowhereyouwerebefore.”MonthslaterbackinmyL.A.home,IfindmyselfpoppingonmyheadphonesandlisteningbacktotherushoffallingwaterinsideCaveoftheFairies.WhenIclosemyeyes,I______10______feelthesprayofwateragainstmyskin,thesenseoflettingmyearsleadmeonafarawayadventure.Mentally,I’mrightbackthere—ifonlyforamoment.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.backfireB.compensateC.extendD.impressiveE.meaningfulF.measureG.needleH.overallI.perceiveJ.punishmentK.typicallyWhyYouShouldn’tExercisetoLoseWeightManyofusarelacingupoursneakersandstarting(orrestarting)exerciseregimens(练身计划)inhopesofsheddingunwantedpounds.Unquestionably,aimingtobemoreactiveisgood.Butifthemainreasonistoloseweight,yourNewYear’sresolutioncouldverywell___11___.Forstarters,exercise—atleastthekindmostofusdo—is___12___ineffectiveforweightloss.Takewalking,forexample.A150-poundpersonwhowalksbrisklyfor30minuteswillburn,onaverage,around140calories.That’sequaltoonecanofsoda—notexactlyagreatreturnonyourinvestmentoftimeandeffort.It’smucheasierjusttoskipthesoda.Studies___13___showthatdoingmoderate-intensityaerobicexercisesuchaswalkingfor30minutesaday,fivedaysaweek—theamountrecommendedforgoodhealth—typicallyproduceslittleornoweightlossbyitself.Whenmoderateexerciseisaddedtodiet,theresultsareequallynot___14___.Poolingdatafromsixtrials,researchersfoundthatacombinationofdietandexercisegeneratednogreaterweightlossthandietaloneaftersixmonths.Instudieswhereexercisehasproduced___15___weightloss,participantsburnedatleast400to500caloriespersessiononfiveormoredaysaweek.Toachievethat,sessionsneedtogowellbeyondwhatmostofusarewillingorabletodo.Andevenifwemanagetoexertthatmucheffort,ourbodiesoften___16___byboostingappetiteanddialingdownmetabolism,effectsthatovertimelimithowmanypoundsweshed.Perhapsthebiggestproblemwithexercisingtodroppoundsisthatitturnsphysicalactivityinto___17___.Howmanytimeshaveyouheardsomeonesay(orsaidyourself)“I’llneedtodoextraexercise”aftereatingtoomuchduringtheholidaysoratacelebratorydinner?Thepointisthatwe’remorelikelyto___18___exercisepositivelyandactuallydoitwhenwefocusonourwell-beingratherthanourweight.Theincentivemaybeanimprovedmoodorlessstress.Othersmayfindthatexercisemakesthemfeelphysicallyandmentallystronger.Ofcourse,thebenefitsofphysicalactivity___19___wellbeyondthese.It’sbeenshowntoreducetheriskofmultiplediseases.Itcanalsoimprovesleepandboostenergy.Byallmeans,strivingtoexerciseregularlyinthenewyearisperhapsthemostimportantthingyoucandoforyourhealth.Buttoimprovetheoddsofsuccess,focusonhowmovementhelpsyoufeelbetterphysicallyandemotionally—andforgetabouthowitmovesthe____20____onthescale.III.ReadingComprehension（45分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anyonewhohaseverwitnessedthemiracleinwhichinfantsprogressfrommewlingto“Mama”to“Mine!”knowshowcriticalitisforyoungsterstohearnormallybeforetheyspeaktheirfirstwords.___21___,manychildrenwhodon’ttalkbyagetwoturnouttobedeaf.Thesoonertheirdisabilityisdiscoveredand___22___,thelesslikelytheyaretofallbehindinthedevelopmentofimportantlanguageandsocialskills.Thatiswhyagrowingnumberofhearingspecialists(audiologists)andparentsarecampaigningfor___23___screeningofnewbornsforhearingloss.Their___24___hasregisteredinsomepowerfulears.Todate,22stateshavepassedlegislationrequiringatleastpartialscreeningprograms.Partofthepushstemsfrom___25___intechnologythat,amongotherthings,allowchildrenasyoungastwomonthstobe___26___hearingaids.Buttherearelimitstothetechnology.Onethingparentsshouldrealizebeforetheystartisthatthescreeningtestsarefarfrom___27___.Abadresultdoesn’tnecessarilyindicateaproblem.Audiologistsestimatethat3outofevery1,000babiesarebornwithsomekindofhearingloss.Ofthosethreeinfants,oneisprofoundlydeaf.Abouthalfthetime,doctorscanidentifyapossiblecause,suchasabirthweightlessthan5pounds,orafamilyhistoryof___28___.Therestofthetimethereissimplyno___29___astowhyanewborn’shearingmayhavebeenaffected.Thescreeningtestsworkbyintroducingasoundintoababy’searandthenmeasuringeitherthe____30____oftheear’sinternalmechanismsortheelectricalactivityoftheauditoryportionofthebrain(theauditorybrain-stemresponsetest).Justbecauseababyfailseithertest,____31____,doesnotmeanthatthereisahearingproblem.Atemporarybuildupoffluidintheearcanalorexcessivenoiseinthenurserycan____32____theresults.Forthisreason,expertssay,hospitalsshould____33____thescreeningtestsforanybabywhodoesn’tpassthefirsttimebeforetellingtheparentstoconsultanaudiologistformorethoroughtesting.Itisatthisstagethatthingsgetabit____34____.Though20ofevery1,000babiesfailthetwo-stepscreen,mostproveonfurtherexaminationtobejustfine.Isitworth____35____17familiesofperfectlynormalchildren-nottomentionaskingthemtospendseveralhundreddollarsonadvancedtests—toidentifythreeinfantswithhearingloss?21.A.Indeed B.Meanwhile C.Occasionally D.Surprisingly22.A.reported B.accepted C.treated D.tested23.A.legal B.random C.further D.compulsory24.A.charge B.complaint C.appeal D.pursuit25A.procedures B.advances C.practices D.insights26.A.fittedwith B.providedwith C.entitledto D.attachedto27.A.reasonable B.imaginable C.reliable D.predictable28.A.disorder B.blindness C.obesity D.deafness29.A.solution B.clue C.reflection D.doubt30.A.response B.volume C.capacity D.activity31.A.however B.therefore C.forexample D.afterall32.A.prove B.produce C.match D.affect33.A.stop B.review C.repeat D.improve34.A.shocking B.distracting C.unpredictable D.complicated35.A.worrying B.classifying C.engaging D.promptingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)“Callingall.Thisisourlastcrybeforeoureternalsilence.”Withthat,inJanuary1997,theFrenchcoastguardtransmitteditsfinalmessageinMorsecode.WreckedshipshadradioedoutSOSsignalsfromtheeraoftheTitanic.Innear-instanttime,thebeepscouldbedecodedbyMorse-codestationsthousandsofmilesaway.Firstusedtosendmessagesoverlandin1844,Morsecodeoutlivedthetelegraphage.Butbythelate20thcentury,satelliteradiowasturningitintoadyinglanguage.InFebruary1999,itofficiallyceasedbeingthestandardformaritimecommunication.NestledwithinthePointReyesNationalSeashore,northofSanFrancisco,KPHMaritimeRadioisthelastoperationalMorse-coderadiostationinNorthAmerica.Thestation—whichconsistsoftwobuildingssome25milesapart—oncewatchedoverthewatersofthePacificandIndianOceans.Itshutdownin1997,butafewyearslater,acoupleofradioenthusiastsbroughtitbacktolife.Thegrouphasgottenslightlylargerovertheyears,whocallthemselvesthe“radiosquirrels”.EverySaturday,theybeepoutmaritimenewsandweatherreports.MuchoftheircommunicationiswiththeSSJeremiahO’Brien,aWorldWarII-erashippermanentlyparkedataSanFranciscopier.LastJuly,thephotographerAnnHermesvisitedthese“radiosquirrels”andsteppedintotheirtimemachine.Tosendamessage,theytappedeachMorse-codeletterintoagadget,generatingaloudnoisethatrepeatedthroughoutthewholebuilding.“It’salmostlikejazz,”Hermestoldme—amusicofrhythmandtimingthatcansoundslightlydifferentdependingonwhoisdoingthetapping.SomeofthemachinesdatebacktoWorldWarII.The“radiosquirrels”dotheirownrepairs,andsearcheBayforreplacementpartsonthenewerunits.Thoughmanyofthe“radiosquirrels”areretiredornearingretirement,Morsecodeisnotquiteextinct:TheU.S.Navystillteachesittoafewsailors.Besides,in2017,aBritishmanwhohadbrokenhislegonabeachusedittosignalforhelpinthedarkwithaflashlight.36.WhatwasMorsecodeusedforintheeraoftheTitanic?A.Warningthecomingoftotalsilence.B.Sendingasignalforhelporrescue.C.Savinganendangeredlanguage.D.Settingastandardforcommunication.37.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“radiosquirrels”referto?A.TheformerstaffofKPHMaritimeRadioStation.B.ThecrewofshipwreckageinSanFrancisco.C.Thoseparticularlypassionateaboutradiostuff.D.Thoseexpertatplayinginstrumentsandjazz.38.TheMorsecodemachinescanstillbeingoodconditionthanksto__________.A.thefrequentusebythe“squirrels”tobeepoutnewsB.theconstantcommunicationwithexperiencedoperatorsC.therepairandrestoreeffortsmadebythe“squirrels”D.theprotectionandmaintenancemadebytheU.S.Navy39.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.Keepthe“Jazz”GoingB.TheLastCallfromSeaC.VolunteersofPointReyesD.AFarewelltoRadio(B)BILLIARDTABLESboughtandsold.MrVillis.(02805)66(Bucks).GIFTCHAMPAGNE.Wepostabottlewithyourmessage.From£14.50incl.Ordersordetails064245733CHRISTINE’Sbeautytreatmentandbodytherapy.4026499,04734004SMOKEDSALMON8ozsliced£5.75,1lbsliced£11,2lb4ozside£16.90,2lb8ozside£19.50,400gmsoffcuts£5.PricesincludeUK1stclasspostage.Chequeswithorder.CornishSmokedFishCo.Ltd,Charlestown,St.Austell,Cornwell.400-YEAR-OLDthatchedcottagebetweenWinchester/Basingstoke:3dblebeds,secgdn&extras.£110,000.(0962)88109CHATEAULATOUR,1964.24bottles,£75each.Phone(0227)9848evenings.GOINGINTOBUSINESS?Send£7.45incp&pfor‘TheBeginnersGuidetoSuccessinBusiness.’ComquipLtd,189Highview,Meopham,Gravesend,Kent.(0732)22315.SILVERCROSSdetachablecoachPram(navy),shoppingtray,excellentcleancondition,£30;CarryCot,£5;BabyBath,£2.50;Atarisystem,joystickandpaddlesticks,ingoodworkingorder,needsanewmainsadapter,£40;5AtariCassettes,£10each,verygoodcondition,idealXmaspresents.–Apply34KynastonRoad,Didcot,Oxon.evenings.215702HAVANACIGARSAndotherfinecigarsatwholesaleprices.SendforlisttoJamesJordanLtd,Shelly,Huddars-field.Tel,:048460227C-SCOPEMETALDETECTORS.Theidealfamilygifttotreasurefrom£39.99to£449.50.Tel.Ashford(0233)2918todayforfreecolourbrochure.BEAUTIFULfarmestate,total700acres.Diplomats4bed1832house,£220,000ono.0639730825BEDROOMEDHOUSEinquietmid-Walesvillage.1acreofland,fishingandshootingavailable.£42,000.Tel:059787687(after6p.m.).THETIMES(1814-1985).ThisXmasgivesomeoneanoriginalissuedatedtheverydaytheywereborn,£12,50or2for£21.Tel01-4866305or04923314PARTYMANIA,everythingforyourpartyinone“fun-tastic”store.-179KingstonRoad,Oxford51339,ownparking.37685OXFORD:livelydivorcee,midforties,boredwithsolitudeandthecat,seeksmale,preferablytall,tosharelocalpleasuresandpastimes,music,theartsetc.Box(50)2050.LADIESNARROWSHOWS.AAandnarrower,sizes2-11.AlsowideEE.SAEMurielHitchcockShoes,3bCastleMews,ArundelBN189DG.HAVEaveryhappybirthdayPaul!40.Howmuchwillitcostyoutogetsomebodyapoundofsmokedsalmonandabottleofchampagne(withamessage)?A£20.25 B.£25.50 C.£14.50 D.Almost£18.0041.Whatisthestuffyoucanbuythatwasproducedonthedayyouwereborn?A.Birthdaycards B.Christmasgifts C.Cigars D.Newspapers42.Someoneisofferingababybathforsaleandwherecanyougetit?A.PARTYMANIA B.LADIESNARROWSHOWSC.SILVERCROSS D.GOINGINTOBUSINESS?(C)ThosewhohadthepleasureofwatchingBennyGoodmanatworksawaratherordinary-lookingmaninrimlessglassesandaconservativebusinesssuit;buttheyalsosawahumanbeingwhocouldplaytheclarinet(单簧管)likenoonebeforeorsince.ThismadeBennyGoodmanauniqueindividual.OtherAmericanswhohavestoodoutfromtheflockincludeJoeDiMaggio,BeverlySill,ErnestHemingwayandJonasSalk.They,likeBennyGoodman,wererecognizedandhonoredfornootherreasonthanexcellence.Itisdoingsomethingbetterthanotherpeoplethatmakesusunique.Yetasurprisingnumberofpeoplestillseeindividualityasasurfacething.Theyweargarishclothes,dyetheirhairstrangecolorsanddecoratetheirskinwithtattoostomakesomekindofsocialstatement.Butanordinaryguywhohasdyedhishairpurpleororangeisnothingmorethanthesamepersonwithafunny-lookinghead.Thewholepurposeofindividualityisexcellence.Thosewhoinvent,whoimprovise(即兴发挥),whoknowmoreaboutasubjectthanotherpeopledo,andwhotakesomethingthatdoesn’tworkandmakeitwork––thesepeoplearetheverysoulofcapitalism.CharlesKetteringdidn’tliketheideaofcrankingacartomakeitstart,soheinventedtheelectricstarter.HenryFordfiguredouttheassembly-linetechniqueandmadeitpossibletomass-produceautomobiles,andElishaOtis,inventoroftheelevator,indirectlycreatedthecitysky-line.Thesepeopleunderstoodthatindividualismmeansworkingatthetopofone’scapacity.Theoneswiththepurplehairandthefunkyjewelryarejustalongfortheride,tryingtobe“different”andnotknowinghowtogoaboutit.ThestudentwhoearnsstraightA’sonhisreportcardhasgraspedtheideaandhasfoundtherealmeaningofindividuality.Sohastheyoungsterwhohasdesignedhisownspaceship,whogivespianorecitals,whopaintspicturesoftheworldaroundhim.BennyGoodmanunderstoodittoo.Thisiswhyhewasathisbest,blowinghisclarinet,inabluesuitandblackshoes.43.TheauthormentionstheappearanceofBennyGoodmanto_________.A.showwhatatalentedmusicianshouldlooklikeB.introduceanimportantfigureinthemusicalworldC.contrastwithhistalentinmusicperformanceD.indicatethathecan’tstandoutfromtheflock44.Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethat_________.A.anindividualisttendstoseekdifferencebothincharacterandappearanceB.theessenceofindividualismliesinpursuingexcellencetothefullC.beingdifferentinappearanceistheveryfirststeptobeingindividualD.thosewhostrivetowintherecognitionofothersarerealindividualists45.Accordingtothepassage,whichindividual’sactionsmaynottrulyembodytheessenceofindividualism?A.Ascientistwhoconductsresearchsolelyadvancingknowledgeforthegreatergoodratherthanforpersonalrecognition.B.Asocialmediainfluencerwhoconformstopopularopinionstomaintainalargefollowing.C.Anartistwhocreatesuniqueworksbutfailtogainfameandrecognitionfromothers.D.Anentrepreneurwhoprioritizesethicalconsiderationsoverprofitinhisbusinesspractices.46.Forthemainthread,thearticleisorganizedbywayof__________.A.specifictogeneral B.causeandeffectC.examplesandconclusion D.comparisonandcontrastSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Whatmotivatesyoutoworkorstudyharder?Isitthethoughtofsuccessandalltheamazingthingsthatyoucanachieve,orisitthefearoffailureandworryaboutallthethingsthatcangowrongforyou?______47______Butisonebetterthantheother?Arecentstudylookedattheeffectoffear-basedstrategiesonBritishsecondaryschoolstudents.Asissooftenthecase,it’scomplicated.Theyfoundthatifatestisseenasimportant,andstudentsareoptimisticthattheycansucceed,thenthefearoffailurecanbeusedsuccessfullybyteacherstomotivatetheselearners.______48______Itcaninturnleadthemtodoworseonthetestthantheywouldhavedoneotherwise.Thestudyalsofoundthatifstudentsaredisengagedanddon’tcareaboutthetestinthefirstplace,then,unsurprisingly,thefearoffailureisnotlikelytomotivatethem.Entrepreneursoftenruntheriskoffailure.It’safactthatmostnewcompanieswillfail.______49______Thepersonalconsequencesoffailurecanbesignificant,andsofoundersmaybemotivatedtoworkhardertoavoidthem.AstudycarriedoutonBritishandCanadianentrepreneursfoundthatfearoffailurecanimproveproblemsolving,aspeoplearemotivatedtoanticipateandresolvepotentialissues.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatitcanleadtoincreasedprocrastinationaspeoplefocustoomuchonwhattheypersonallyfear,ratherthanwhatwouldbebestforthebusiness.Ifsomeoneislessconfidentabouttheirbusinessidea,thentheymayfindtheirdecision-makingnegativelyaffectedbytheirfears.______50______Itcandriveconfidentpeopletodobetter,butitcanalsoincreaseourdoubtsandturnthemintobarriers.A.Nevertheless,confidenceplaysasignificantroleindeterminingtheeffectivenessoffear-basedmotivationstrategies.B.Howeverifstudentsarenot

confident,thenfear-basedapproachescouldtriggerfeelingsofanxiety.C.Leaders,managers,andteachershaveoftenusedoneoftheseideastoinspirepeopletoworkharderandachievemore.D.Takentogether,thesestudiesshowthatfear-basedmotivationiscomplicated.E.Theymaybeinspiredtolearnnewthingsthatwillhelptheirbusinessorfindmentorswhocansupportthem.F.Butdoesthismotivateordiscouragebusinesspeople?Again,it’snotstraightforward.IV.SummaryWriting（10分）51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.PayingAllowancesforCompletingChoresThepracticeofpayingchildrenanallowancebecamepopularinAmericaabout100yearsago.Nowadays,Americankidsonaveragereceiveabout$800peryearinallowance.ButthevastmajorityofAmericanparentswhopayallowancetieittothecompletionofhousework.Althoughmanyparentsbelievethatpayinganallowanceforcompletingchoresbenefitstheirchildren,arangeofexpertsexpressedconcernthattyingallowanceverycloselytochoresmaynotbeideal.Infact,thewaychoresworkinmanyhouseholdsworldwidepointstoanotherway.SuniyaLuthar,apsychologist,isagainstpayingkidsforchores.Lutharisnotopposedtogivingallowances,butshethinksit’simportanttoestablishthatchoresaredonenotbecausetheywillleadtopayment,butbecausetheykeepthehouseholdrunning.Luthar’ssuggestedapproachtoallowanceiscompatiblewiththatofwriterRonLieber,whoadvisesthatallowancesbeusedasameansofshowingchildrenhowtosave,give,andspendonthingstheycareabout.“Kidsshoulddochores,”hewrites,“forthesamereasonadultsdo,becausethe