文库发布：ch06中文

软件工程，实践者的研究方法,6/e

第六章

系统工程

1ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005系统工程基于计算机系统的元素

软件硬件人

数据库

文档

过程系统一个宏观元素的层次

2ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005层次3ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005系统建模定义了在考虑视图中满足需要的过程

描述过程行为和该行为所依据的假设明确定义了模型的外在和内在输入

描述了有助于工程师理解视图的全部联系（包括输出）4ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005业务过程工程使用一个集成的过程、方法与工具集合，用于识别信息系统如何更好地面向企业的战略决策

焦点集中在企业与业务范围上面构造企业模型，数据模型以过程模型

构造了一个框架，面向更好的信息管理发布与控制

5ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005系统架构在业务目标框架下，分析和定义三个不同的架构

数据架构

应用架构

技术基础设施

数据架构

为业务或业务功能的信息需要提供了框架应用架构包含了为业务目的而在数据架构范围内转换的系统要素技术基础设施为应用和数据架构提供基础6ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005BPE战略计划信息战略计划(ISP)定义战略目标

识别成功因素/业务规则

构造企业模型业务领域分析(BAA)建模过程/服务过程/数据之间的关系

应用工程a.k.a...软件工程构造应用/过程，指向(BAA)以及ISP的限制构造和发布使用CASE以及4GTs,测试7ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005信息战略计划管理定义战略业务目标

将重要的成功因素分离出来

进行技术影响分析

进行战略系统的分析

技术构造高层次的数据模型由业务/组织区域集群

精华模型与集群

8ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005定义目标Objective—主要方向描述

Goal—定义可度量的目标“降低产品的生产成本”

Subgoals:将退货率在6个月中降低20%从供应商处获取10%的价格优惠在第一年中，重新构造30%的构件，以方便制造产品Objectivestendtobestrategicwhilegoalstendtobetactical9ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005业务区域分析——BAA定义“业务功能与数据集合”(Martin)执行许多与ISP类似的行为，但是将范围限定到特定的业务领域识别现有信息系统(旧的)/确定与新的ISP模型的兼容性

定义有问题的系统定义与新系统模型不兼容的系统开始构造再工程的优先级

10ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005BAA过程salesacctmanufacturingQCeng’ringdistributionadmin.DataModelProcessDecompositionDiagramMatricese.g.,entity/processmatrixProcessFlowModels11ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005产品工程12ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005产品架构模版13ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005结构流图14ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005使用UML作系统建模部署图每个3-D框图描述了一个硬件元素，是系统物理结构的一部分。活动图表示了一个系统元素当中过程性的部分

类图通过元素包含的数据以及数据的操作方法，表示了系统层的元素。

15ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005部署图16ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associates,Inc.,copyright©1996,2001,2005活动图17ThesecoursewarematerialsaretobeusedinconjunctionwithSoftwareEngineering:APractitioner’sApproach,6/eandareprovidedwithpermissionbyR.S.Pressman&Associ