中考英语复习动词的语态课件

动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中，动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者，因此所有的被动语态中的动词都必须是及物动词，而不及物动词不能用于被动语态。中职英语主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时三种时态的被动语态及部分情态动词的被动语态。1.被动语态的构成被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。be有时态、人称和数的变化。时态被动语态构成(以do为例)例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneOurteachersarerespected

byus.我们都很尊重我们的老师们。一般过去时was/weredoneThebicyclewasborrowedbyLucyyesterday.昨天自行车被露西借走了。时态被动语态构成(以do为例)例句现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneTwoparksare

being

built.两个公园正在被修建。过去进行时was/werebeingdoneTheflowerswere

being

watered

byheratthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候她正在浇这些花。时态被动语态构成(以do为例)例句现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneTwoparksare

being

built.两个公园正在被修建。过去进行时was/werebeingdoneTheflowerswere

being

watered

byheratthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候她正在浇这些花。时态被动语态构成(以do为例)例句现在完成时have/hasbeendoneTheyreallyhave

been

poorly

paid．他们的工资真的很低。过去完成时had

been

doneBythe

time

the

tornado

ended,more

than

700

people

had

been

killed.等龙卷风过后,700多人遇难了。时态被动语态构成(以do为例)例句一般将来时will/shallbedoneistobedoneisabouttobedoneisgoingtobedoneThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.会议被推迟到星期五举行。过去将来时would/shouldbedoneLastSundaythisprojectshouldbefinished,butitwouldn't.这个项目应在上周日完成，但是没有。注：①情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋done。Thebooksmaybekeptfortwoweeks.这些书应该可以借两周。②谈到未曾想到的事故发生时或有intheend、atlast等状语时，可用getdone表被动。常用的有gethurt(受伤)、getlost(迷路)、getkilled(被杀害)、getbroken(弄坏)等。如：Intheend,hegotcaught.最后他被抓住了。2.被动语态的几种特殊形式情形例句感官动词或使役动词变被动，还原to(感官动词或使役动词在主动语态中与省略to的动词不定式连用，变被动语态时，还原to)Wemake

theboystandoutside.(主动)＝Theboywas

made

to

stand

outsidebyus.(被动)我们让那个男孩站在外面。双宾语结构句子(双宾语结构的主动语态变被动语态，可以将直接宾语变被动，在间接宾语前加to或for，也可以将间接宾语变被动)Theygave

meabook.(主动)＝Abookwas

given

to

mebythem.(被动)＝Iwas

given

abookbythem.(被动)他们给了我一本书。情形例句动词短语变被动，保留介词和副词Sheoftenrefers

to

thisfactory.(主动)＝Thisfactoryisoftenreferred

to

byher.(被动)她常常提到这个工厂。Theboypicked

up

thoseflowers.(主动)＝Thoseflowerswerepicked

up

bytheboy.(被动)男孩捡起了那些花。情形例句谓语动词say、consider、think、report、suggest、hope、know、believe等变被动语态时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语；(2)it作形式主语的句子Itissaidthat...据说……Itisthoughtthat...据认为……Itisconsideredthat...据认为……Itishopedthat...希望……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itissuggestedthat...据建议……Itiswell­knownthat...众所周知……情形例句谓语动词say、consider、think、report、suggest、hope、know、believe等变被动语态时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语；(2)it作形式主语的句子Itisbelievedthat...有人相信……Itisknownthatfootballisapopularsport.众所周知，足球是一项流行的运动。Peoplesaysheisagreatwoman.(主动)＝Itissaidthatsheisagreatwoman.(被动)＝Sheissaidtobeagreatwoman.(被动)人们说她是一个伟大的妇女。3.无被动语态的情况情形例词例句一些不及物动词及短语happen(发生)、appear(出现)、last(延长)、cost(花费)、burstout(迸发)、let(让，使)、breakout(爆发)Thewarbroke

out

in1937.战争爆发于1937年。Themeetinglasted

fortwohours.会议持续了两小时。Thecoatcost

me120yuan.这件外套花了我120元。情形例词例句一些及物动词及短语fit(合身)、have(有)、hold(容纳)、own(拥有)、takeplace(发生)、agreewith(同意)、arriveat/in(到达)、succeedin(成功)、sufferfrom(遭受)、belongto(属于)Thekeyjustfitthelock.这把钥匙正好适合这把锁。Yourstoryagreeswithwhathasalreadybeenheard.你的故事与听到的一致。Thestorytookplaceinthiscity.这个故事发生在这座城市。情形例词例句系动词taste(尝起来)、feel(感到)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)Goodmedicinetastesbitter.良药苦口。Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来很软。Themanlookssad.那个人看起来很难过。Hisideasoundsverygreat.他的主意听起来很棒。4.主动表被动的情况情形例词例句表被动意义的动词bestuck，beblocked，becaughtThebuswasstuckinthesnowyesterday.昨天公共汽车被困在雪中了。Theroadwasblocked.公路被封锁了。Themanwascaughtinthestorm.那人被困在暴风雨中。情形例词例句系动词look,smell,taste，sound,feelYourtheorysoundsquitereasonable.你的理论听起来很合理。need/want/requiredoing＝need/want/requiretobedoneneed,want,require，deserveThewindowwants/requiresrepairing．窗户需要(被)修补了。Theoldandthechildrenneedlookingafter.老人和孩子需要(被)照顾。情形例词例句性质形容词＋动词不定式difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,heavy,dangerousPhysicsishardtolearn.物理很难学。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.这个问题很容易解决。Thequestionaskedbyhimishardtoanswer.他问的问题很难回答。情形例词例句常与否定词或副词well、easily、badly连用的动词read,write,sell,open,close,lock,cook,cleanThesenewspaperssellwell.这些报纸卖得很好。Theballpenwriteswell.这支圆珠笔好写。情形例词例句表起止、变化的动词begin,start,end,finish,change,improve,spread,turninto,turnoff,workoutOurlifeis

being

improvedcontinuously.我们的生活在不断地改善。Thenewshas

spreadalloverthecity.消息传遍了全城。一些固定动词短语beworthdoingThebookis

well

worth

reading.这本书很值得读。Thisclassicmovieis

worth

seeingtwice.这部经典影片值得再看一次。(C)1.Thehouse________toayoungcouplelastweek.A.wasselling

B.issold

C.wassold

D.hassold(A)2.Anationalpark________herein1952.A.wascreated

B.hascreated

C.created

D.iscreated(B)3.Hurryup!Ourtrain________intenminutes.A.isleft

B.isleaving

C.hasleft

D.left(A)4.Oprah________hertelevisioncareerwhenshewas17.A.began

B.begins

C.hasbegun

D.isbeginning(D)5.Hewasmade________formorethantwohoursinheroffice.A.waited

B.waits

C.wait

D.towait(C)6.Ifyoudon'thurry,you________yourtrain.A