光纤通信非线性补偿的文献综述

光纤通信非线性补偿的文献综述PAGE1光通信系统中非线性补偿算法的综述摘要：文章第一部分首先引出本文所要讲述的主要的光纤通信系统：相干光正交频分复用系统(CO-OFDM)、波分复用系统(WDM)，然后对二者当中存在的各种干扰以及各自的优点进行分析，最后根据分析结果得出：非线性损伤是亟待解决的主流问题。第二部分针对这两种系统当中的非线性损伤的补偿问题介绍一下国内外的研究现状。第三部分根据国内外对非线性损伤的补偿的研究现状做出大胆的预测，并预测未来光通信系统的发展趋势。关键词：CO-OFDM；WDM；非线性损伤；补偿算法；Abstract:Thefirstpartofthearticalleadstoaboutthemainopticalfibercommunicationsystems:coherentopticalorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(CO-OFDM),wavelengthdivisionmultiplexingsystem(WDM),andthenanalyzevariouskindsofinterferenceandtheirrespectiveadvantagesexistentinthetwosystems.,atlastknowthatnonlineardamageisamainstreamproblemtobesolved.Thesecondpartoftheissueintroducedtheresearchaboutthenonlinearcompensationforthesetwosystems.Thethirdpartofthearticalmakeaboldpredictionaboutthenonlinearcompensationandforecastthedevelopmenttrendoffutureopticalcommunicationsystems.Keywords:CO-OFDM;WDM;nonlineardamage;compensationalgorithm;一前沿当前，人们对通信容量的需求急剧增加，光纤通信技术以其超高速、大容量、长距离、高抗电磁干扰性和低成本等无可比拟的优点，成为解决骨干网络容量压力的最佳选择。由于目前商用的光传输系统主要是以10Gbit/s为主的波分复用(MavelengthDivisionMultiplexing，WDM)系统[1]，为了提高波分复用(WDM)长距离光纤传输系统的容量，可以通过三种途径来处理：(1)增加波长通道数，减小信道间隔；(2)扩展新的频带；(3)提高单信道信号速率。目前在一些大容量WDM链路上，传输容量已经达到Tbit/s，如果想采用上述技术继续扩容就会产生很多限制因素：首先继续增加波长通道数，增加频谱效率，会使得通道间隔变窄，从而使光纤非线性效应尤其是信道间的串扰的抑制变得更加困难，同时对信道的复用/解复用器的要求也更加严格；其次，目前波长已应用了C和L波段，继续扩展新的频带来增加信道数量，将会向S、xL波段进而全波段发展，但相应波段的光放大器还不成熟。所以如果要继续提高系统的传输容量和带宽，就必须提高单信道传输速率，即将单信道速率从目前10Gbit/s提高至40Gbit/s甚至100Gbit/s，产生单信道高速光传输系统。但是随着单信道传输速率的大幅度提高，传统的强度调制/直接检测(IM/DD)系统面临着许多极限性的挑战：难度极大的色度色散(CD)以及色散斜率的补偿和管理；随机性的偏振模色散(PMD)，PMD极大的限制着系统的容量和传输距离，并被认为将是高码率IM/DD传输的最终限制因素[2]。文献研究表明，当光纤传输系统速率达到40Gbit/s及以上时，光纤的非线性损伤成为抑制系统传输性能的最主要因素之一[3]。光纤中的非线性效应包括：受激非弹性散射(包括受激布里渊散射和受激喇曼散射)、非线性折射率(Kerr)效应。光Kerr效应包括自相位调制(SPM)、交叉相位调制(XPM)和四波混频(FWM)等[4]。最近，无线通信领域中成熟的正交频分复用(OFDM)技术成为高速光传输中的一个研究热点。相干光正交频分复用（CO-OFDM）由于使用的数百个子载波均采用高阶调制格式，其频谱效率高，并对光纤色散和偏振模色散具有很好的偿。其次，目前对于如何解决高速传输链路中的残余色散问题，尚未达成共识，也没有成熟的解决方案[70]。所以残余色散对非线性损伤的抑制作用是一个值得深思的东西，将来势必引起巨大的关注。另外值得注意的是电均衡技术可以同时补偿链路残余色散和光纤非线性，也势必受到较多关注。由于在电域对信号进行处理，具有灵活方便的优势。基于DSP技术的相干检测系统可提高系统灵敏度和谱效率，并且具有强大的电信号处理能力，为电均衡技术的发展和应用提供了新平台，成为近来的研究热点。最后，WDM系统是目前商用的主要系统，随着业务流的日益增多以及人们要求的不断调高，现有的WDM系统已经越来越不适应现实生活的需要，更大容量的系统将会应运而生。但是，只能在现有的通信网络的基础之上进行升级才能够保证更好的性价比，所以OFDM这种调制格式在WDM系统当中的应用已经成为了势不可挡的趋势。结合之后的OFDM-WDM系统的通信容量将会得到飞速的提升，并且频谱利用效率也会得到很大的改善。但是，由于系统当中的通道内、通道间的非线性损伤与以前纯净的系统相比只会有过之而无不及，所以对该系统信道内外非线性损伤的补偿算法的研究将会受到越来越多的关注。参考文献：[1]李炉焦.高速光传输中调制格式的关键技术研究.北京邮电大学大学,2011年11月[2]刘学君.CO-OFDM的关键技术及非线性损伤的研究.北京邮电大学大学,2011年11月[3]顾碗仪.WDM超长距离光传输技术，北京邮电大学出版社.2006.[4]GovindP.Agrawal.非线性光纤光学原理及应用.电子工业出版社.2002.[5]W.Shieh,andC.Athaudage,“Coherentopticalorthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing,”Electron.Lett.42(10),587–588(2006).[6]A.Lowery,L.Du,andJ.Armstrong,“PerformanceofopticalOFDMinultra-long-haulWDMlightwavesystems,”J.LightwaveTechnol.25(1),131–138(2007).[7]J.Armstrong,“OFDMforopticalcommunications,”J.LightwaveTechnol.27(3),189–204(2009).[8]A.Sano,E.Yamada,H.Masuda,E.Yamazaki,T.Kobayashi,E.Yoshida,Y.Miyamoto,R.Kudo,K.Ishihara,andY.Takatori,“No-guard-intervalcoherentopticalODFMfor100-Gb/slong-haulWDMtransmission,”J.LightwaveTechnol.27(16),3705–3713(2009).[9]S.Jasen,I.Morita,T.Schenk,andH.Tanaka,“121.9-Gb/sPDM-OFDMtransmissionwith2-b/s/Hzspectralefficiencyover1000kmofSSMF,”J.LightwaveTechnol.27(3),177–188(2009).[10]HwanSeokChung,SunHyokChang,andKwangjoonKim,“CompandingtransformbasedSPMcompensationincoherentopticalOFDMtransmission,”OPTICSEXPRESS.Vol.19,No.26.12December2011.[11]N.TakachioandK.Iwashita,BCompensationoffiberdispersioninopticalheterodynedetection,[Electron.Lett.,vol.24,no.2,pp.759–760,Jan.1988.[12]S.Boehm,K.Schumacher,D.Goelz,andP.Meissner,“BPMDcompensationwithcoherentreceptionanddigitalsignalprocessing,”inProc.LasersElectro-Opt.CLEO,2007,pp.1–2,JTuA132.[13]A.T.Erdogan,A.Demir,andT.M.Oktem,“BAutomaticPMDcompensationbyunsupervisedpolarizationdiversitycombiningcoherentreceivers,”J.Lightw.Technol.,vol.26,no.13,pp.1823-1834,Jul.2008.[14]N.S.Bergano,“Wavelengthdivisionmultiplexinginlong-haultransoceanictransmissionsystems,”J.Lightw.Technol.,vol.23,no.12,pp.4125–4139,Dec.2005.[15]T.LiandI.Kaminow,Eds,“OpticalFiberTelecommunieationsIVB,”SanDiego,CA:Aeademie,2002,ch.13.[16]MosheNazarathy,JaeobKllurgin,RakefetWidenfeld,YehudaMeiman,PakCho,ReinholdNoe,IsaacShPantzerandVadimKaragodsk,“phased-arraycancellationofnonlinearFWMincoherentOFDMdispersivemulti-spanLinks,”OPTICSEXPRESS,Vol.16,No.20,29SePtember2008,PP.15777-15810[17]A.J.Lowery,S.Wang,andM.Premaratne,“CalculationofPowerlimitduetoFibernonlinearityinopticalOFDMsystems,”OPTICSEXPRESS,Vol.15,2007,PP.13282-13287[18]BernhardGoebel,BertramFesl,Leonardo,D.Coelho,andNorbertHanik,“OntheEffectofFWMinCoherentOpticalOFDMSystems,”OFC2008,2008.[19]MosheNazarathy,JacobKhurgin,RakefetWidenfeld,YehudaMeiman,PakCho,ReinholdNoeandIsaacShPantzer,“TheFWMImpairmentinCoherentOFDMCompoundsonaPhased-ArrayBasisoverDispersiveMultiSpanLinks,”CoherentOpticalTechnologiesandApplieationsCOTA(2008),2008,CWA4.[20]RongqingHui,“XPMandFWMinOFDMopticalsystems,”LasersandElectro-OpticsSociety,Vol.l,2001,pp.281-282.[21]M.Nazarathy,J.Khurgin,R.Weidenfeld,Y.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