Unit9单元讲解+练习 人教版英语八年级下册

八年级英语（下）Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?一、知识点回顾Phrases1.____atnight___在夜晚2.____inamorenaturalenvironment_在一个更加自然的环境中3.____alltheyearround一年到头4.____befarfrom离……远5.____inthedark在黑暗中6.___inthepast在过去7.___goskating去滑冰8.____takethesubway坐地铁9.____learnabout了解有关……的情况10.____atweekend在周末11.insucharapidway以如此迅猛的方式12.diffrerntkindsof各种各样的13.thousandsof数以千计的14.threequarters四分之三15.anEnglish-speakingcountry一个讲英语的国家16.atpresent现在；目前17.hearof听说18.takearide兜风19.ontheonehand，ontheotherhand一方面，另一方面1.—Haveyoueverbeentoahistorymuseum?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？—No,Ihaven’t.不，我没去过。—Meneither.我也没去过。 这里Meneither.是NeitherhaveI.的口语化。“Neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.”表示主语的情况与上述否定句中所说内容一样,是省略句型,Meneither.是Me,too.的否定形式。neither用于否定句表示“也不”。☞Heisnotadoctor.Meneither./NeitheramI.他不是医生。我也不是。☞—HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他从来没有去过北京。—Meneither./NeitherhaveI.我也没去过。注意：Meneither.的上一句应为否定句。Me,too.的上一句应为肯定句。【知识拓展】（1）“So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语I.”相当于Me,too.。☞TheyhavebeentoEngland.SohaveI.(Me,too.)他们去过英国。我也去过。☞HeisfromBeijing.SoamI.(Me,too.)他来自北京。我也来自北京。（2）neither也可用作形容词，意为“两者都不”，放在单数名词前。☞NeitherstudentisfromCanada.两个学生都不是来自加拿大。（3）neither也可用作代词，常与of连用，表示“两者都不”。也可单独用作宾语或主语。☞Neitherofthemisverycleverbutbothstudyhard.他们两个都不是很聪明，但学习都挺刻苦。①—Idon’tlikeshowersorwindyweather.—________. A.MetooB.MeneitherC.SoIdoD.NeitherIdo②ItriedtwobookshopsforthedictionaryIwanted，but______ofthemhadit. A.eitherB.both C.neitherD.none2.It’sreallyinteresting,isn’tit?那里真的很有趣，不是吗？ 本句是反意疑问句,又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句后对陈述的事实提出的疑问。基本结构： 肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问 否定陈述句+肯定附加疑问 ☞ShespeaksEnglishverywell,doesn’tshe?她英语讲得很好,不是吗? ☞Hecanhardlystand,canhe?他几乎站不了,是吗?【知识拓展】（1）反意疑问句的回答：根据事实上的“是”或“否”回答,yes后面跟的一定是肯定句,no后面一定跟否定句。yes通常翻译成“不是”,no通常翻译成“是”。—Heisyourteacher,isn’the?他是你的老师,不是吗?—Yes,heis,不,他是。/No,heisn’t.是,他不是。—Youarenotengineers,areyou?你们不是工程师,对吗?—Yes,weare.不,我们是。/No,wearen’t.是的,我们不是。（2）当前面的陈述部分有表示否定意义的词如few,little（少）,never,no等时，其后的附加疑问部分应用肯定。Wehavelittlewater,dowe?我们几乎没有水了，对吗？（）Theyhadagoodtimelastnight,_________? A.hadn’tthey B.haven’tthey C.didn’tthey D.weren’tthey3.Ilearnedabouttheinventionsthatledtocolormovies,too.我还了解了一些发明，它们成就了彩色电影。（1）这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。thatledtocolormovies是一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的先行词inventions。其中that在定语从句中作主语，不能省略。☞Thebagthatliesonthegroundishers.地上的那个包是她的。（2）learnabout意为“了解；获知”，与learnof同义，后面接所获知的具体内容。 ☞HereadsalottolearnaboutthehistoryofEurope.他大量阅读来了解欧洲的历史。（3）invention作“发明物”讲时是可数名词。其动词形为invent，意为“发明；创造”。 ☞CouldyoupleasetellusaboutthefourgreatinventionsofChina?你能告诉我们关于中国的四大发明吗？ ☞TheChineseinventedthecompass.中国人发明了指南针。（）—HaveyouheardofacoolwashingmachinecalledBicycleWashingMachine?—Yes,it’sanew________byagroupofChineseuniversitystudents. A.invention B.information C.instruction D.introduction4.Weputupatentandcookedoutside.我们搭起了一顶帐篷，并在野外做了饭。 putup表示“建造,搭起”。 ☞Doyouknowhowtoputupatent?你知道怎么搭帐篷吗? ☞Iwanttoputupafencebetweenourpropertyandourneighbor’s.我要在我们和邻居的房产之间修道篱笆。【知识拓展】（1）putup还表示“张贴(布告、公布等)”。接代词作宾语时,要把代词放于put与up之间。We’dbetterputupanoticehere.我们最好在这儿贴一张通知。（2）put的相关短语：putaway收起来putoff推迟puton穿上putdown记下（）Toomuchmeatandsugarmaycauseyouto______weightveryeasily. A.putup B.putoffC.puton D.putdown5.Theyhaveinformationaboutdifferentcomputersandwhoinventedthem.那里有关于不同的计算机及其发明者的信息。【易混辨析】invent,discover/find,findoutinvent指发明、创造原来不存在的东西,即平时说的“发明,创造”。Edisoninventedthelightbulb.爱迪生发明了电灯。discover/find两者一般可以互换,但在表示科学上(如石油、星星、古迹、天文等)的发现时只能用discover。Hediscoveredanewplanet.他发现了一颗新的行星。findout指通过观察、探索(努力)而发现事实的真相。Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves.请弄清楚火车什么时候开。6.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture.它也鼓励政府和社会团体想出办法去改进未来的厕所。 encourage及物动词，意为“鼓励”,常用结构为encouragesb.todosth.“鼓励某人去做某事”。 ☞Myparentsoftenencouragemetodomorevolunteerjobs.我的父母经常鼓励我做更多的志愿工作。（）OurEnglishteacherencouragesus________partinallkindsofafter-classactivities. A.totake B.take C.taking D.totake7.It’sarelaxingandpeacefulplacenearalake.它坐落在湖附近，是一个休闲安宁的地方。peaceful作为形容词，表示“和平的；安宁的”，可作表语和定语。它是由名词peace“和平”+后缀-ful派生而来。副词形式为peacefully。 ☞TorealizetheChineseDreamwillbringpeacetotheworld.实现中国梦将给世界带来和平。 ☞Thelittleboyfallsasleeppeacefully.这个小男孩安静地入睡了。【知识拓展】英语中，一些名词加后缀-ful可构成形容词，表示具有某种性质。use—useful有用的help—helpful有帮助的success—successful成功的color—colorful色彩艳丽的care—careful小心的wonder—wonderful精彩的（）—TheChinesegovernmentistryingtosolvetheproblemsbetweenChinaandotherneighboringcountries________.—A________wayisbetterforall. A.peaceful；peaceful B.peaceful；peacefully C.peacefully；peaceful D.peacefully；peacefully8.TherearesomespecialGermanpaintingsthererightnow.那里现在有一些特别的德国油画。 German作形容词，意为“德国的；德语人的；德语的”。 ☞SheisanaccountantinaGermancompany.她在一家德国公司当会计。 【拓展】 German作名词“德国人”时，复数形式是Germans，而不是变a为e。表示“德国”要用Germany。FiveGermanswentbacktoGermany.五个德国人回德国了。各国人单复数变化形式：中日不变，(单复同形Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese)英法变，(Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen)其余s加后面。(German—Germans;Canadian—Canadians...)（）—Areallthestudentsfrom________inyourclass?—No,thereareonly3________inourclass.Theothersarefromothercountries.A.Germany;GermenB.Germany;GermansC.German;GermansD.German;Germany9.ForthousandsoftouristsfromChina,thissmallislandinSoutheastAsiaisawonderfulandsafeplacetotakeaholiday.对于许许多多的中国游客来说，东南亚的这个小岛是一个极好而又安全的度假之地。（1）thousandsof＂数以千计的；许许多多的＂。thousand数词，意为＂一千＂，当前面有具体数字时，其后不加-s，不和of连用；若表示一个不确切的数字，且前面没有具体数字，其后要加-s,且与of连用。 ☞Thiscostthemfivethousanddollars.这花了他们5,000美元。 ☞Thousandsofbirdsareflyingtothesouth.成千上万只鸟儿正飞往南方。【易错提醒】1.表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred(百)，thousand(千)，million(百万)等数词后不加-s，也不与of连用。2.当hundred,thousand,million等数词与of连用，表示非具体的数目时，词尾必须加-s，构成固定词组hundredsof＂数以百计的＂，thousandsof＂数以千计的＂，millionsof＂数以百万计的＂。①Lastyear,Ivisitedachemical(化学的)factoryinBaise,andtherewereabout________workersinit. A.sixthousands B.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof②Unluckily,________peoplewerekilledintheearthquake. A.twothousands B.thousandofC.twothousandsofD.thousandsof（2）这里介词in指小岛位于东南亚范围内。 ☞HarbinisinthenorthofChina.哈尔滨在中国的北部。【归纳拓展】to：表示两地是两个相互独立的地区，并且不相连。☞JapanistotheeastofChina.日本在中国东部。on:表示两地相邻。☞TheStateofMongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古国与中国的北部接壤。（3）safe形容词，意为＂安全的＂，其名词形式为safety,意为＂安全＂；副词形式为safely,意为＂安全地＂；反义词为dangerous,意为＂危险的＂。 ☞Thechildrenaresafehere.孩子们在这里很安全。（）—Areyouclearaboutthejobofapoliceman,Ben?—Yes,tokeeppeople________andthesocietyingoodorder. A.busy B.safe C.lucky D.healthy10.Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,soyoucansimplyspeakPutonghuaalotofthetime.Ontheotherhand，SingaporeisanEnglish-speakingcountry,soit’salsoagoodplacetopracticeyourEnglish!一方面，超过四分之三的人口都是华裔，因此很多时候你可以只讲普通话。另一方面，新加坡是一个说英语的国家，因此它也是一个你练习英语的好地方！（1）ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...意为＂一方面……另一方面……＂，用于表示一个事情的两个方面。其中ontheonehand中的the可以省略。 ☞Ontheonehand,youmustworkhard;ontheotherhand,youshouldpayattentiontoyourhealth. 一方面你必须努力工作,另一方面你应该注意身体。（2）threequarters意为＂四分之三＂。英语中的分数表达法为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母要用复数形式。1/3onethird 2/3twothirds3/4threefourths或threequarters 1/4one/aquarter或onefourth 1/2ahalf或onesecond【知识拓展】分数作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于它代表的名词。若名词是单数/不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,若名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数。☞InChina,twothirdsoftheteaisproducedinthesouth.在中国三分之二的茶叶是在南方生产的。☞Inourclass,twothirdsofthestudentsaregirls.我们班三分之二的学生是女生。①About________ofthestudentslikekeepingdiariesinEnglishinourclass. A.twofifthB.twofifths C.secondfiveD.twofive②________ofthestudentsinourclass________girls. A.Twofifth；is B.Twofifth；are C.Twofifths；are（3）practice在此用作及物动词，意为＂练习＂，其后可接名词或动词-ing形式。还可用作不可数名词，意为＂练习＂。 ☞IpracticeEnglisheverymorning.我每天早上练习英语。 ☞Learninganewlanguageneedsalotofpractice.学习一门新语言需要勤练不辍。（）—WhereisTom?—Heispracticing________English_________hecanwinthespeechcompetition. A.tospeak;inorderto B.speaking;sothat C.speaking;inorderto D.tospeak;sothat二、典型例题和易错题（一）单项选择（）1.—ThereislittlemoneyforMr.Leetobuyaticketfortoday’sshow,______ ?—Exactly! A.arethere B.isn’tthere C.aren’tthere D.isthere（）2.AprimaryschoolinEnglandhas______signsatitsthreeentrances(入口),saying:Greetyourchildwithasmile,notamobile. A.putinto B.putoff C.puton D.putup（）3.—WeareplanningaYangtzeRiverProtectionDaythisweekend.Doyouhaveanyadvice?—You’dbettersignsaroundtheschooltotellallthestudentsaboutthat.A.makeup B.putup C.setup D.showup（）4.Playingcomputergamestoooftenbadforus.A.am B.is C.are（）5.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,but _________containedanyusefulsuggestions. A.all B.none C.either D.Neither（）6.Peterwillhispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth. A.takeup B.putup C.addup D.breakup（）7.—Iwonder_________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday. A.where B.how C.why D.If（）8.Tibetreceives____foreignvisitorsfromJanuarytoAprileachyear.A.thousandof B.thousandsof C.severalthousands（）9.Thereareaboutthree________studentsinourschool.A.thousands B.thousandsof C.thousand D.thousandof（）10.Nowadays,__________farmersleavetheirhometowntosearchforworkinthecities.A.millionof B.twomillions C.millionsof D.twomillionsof（）11._________visitorscametotakephotosofHongyadongduringthevacation.A.Thousand B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousandsof（）12.Theboyhasbeenmissingforfivedaysandhisparentsareworriedabouthis______.A.attention B.safety C.action D.growth,（）13.Accordingtoasurvey,fouroutoffivewomendohouseworkathome,butonlyofmenwoulddoit.A.fourfifth B.fourfifths C.twofifth D.twofifths（）14.—Dad,about_________ofourclassmateswearglasses.—Oh,that'sterrible.Youallshouldtakegoodcareofyoureyes.A.threefourth B.thirdfourth C.thirdfourths D.threequarters（）15.—NowadaysChinahasabout25,000kilometersofhigh-speedrailways.—That’s_______oftheworld’stotal.A.twothird B.two-third C.twothirds D.twothree（）16.—The15thChineseBridge—ChineseProficiencyCompetitionwillbeheldthisyear！—That’sgreat！_______foreigncollegestudentsareinterestedinChineselearning． A.Hundredof B.Thousands C.Hundred D.Thousandsof（）17.Theenvironmentherebecomesbetterandbetter.______birdsarecomingback. A.Thousandsof B.Thousandof C.Thousands D.Thousand（）18.Nowadays,______oftheoldpeopleinthearea_____usedtodancingonthesquareaftersupper.A.twothird;is B.twothirds;is C.twothirds;are（）19.Itissaidthatstudentsliketotalkwithfriendsonline. A.two-thirds B.two-three C.two-third（）20.—Jane’sspokenEnglishisprettygood.—Yeah,sheworkshardandpractices_______itbothinandoutofclass.spoke B.tospeak C.speaking巩固提高语法选择Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?Thereisanamusementparkin1centerofmycity.Ithinkitiswonderfuland2.Ivisitedtheamusementparkwithmyparentsthissummer.Irememberit3asunnyday.Alonglineofpeoplewerewaitingtobuytickets.Mostpeoplebroughtcameraswiththem4theywantedtotakesomephotos.Insideoftheamusementparkweremanywonderfulridessuch___5____waterrides,arollercoasterandsightseeingtrains.Myparentslikedsightseeingtrainsthatcarriedpassengersaroundtheamusementpark.6feltveryrelaxed.Ilikedwaterrides.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedyoufeel7youtravelthroughthewater.Therollercoasterwasverypopularwithadultsandkids.Alotofpeoplewerewaitingtogeton.Butsomeofthemcouldn'tstandupafter8offtherollercoaster!9fundayitwas!Iwouldlovetovisittheamusementparkagain.Itisaperfectplace10yourdaywithyourfamily.（）1.A.a B.an C.the D./（）2.A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring（）3.A.are B.is C.were D.was（）4.A.but B.so C.because D.though（）5.A.like B.as C.for D.in（）6.A.He B.She C.They D.We（）7.A.when B.though C.but D.because（）8.A.get B.gets C.got D.getting（）9.A.What B.How C.Whata D.Howa（）10.A.tospend B.spending C.spend D.tospending四、拓展延伸现在完成时（二）含been,ever,never的现在完成时，been是be动词的过去分词，ever(曾经)，never(从不，未曾)一般作副词。been在完成时中，常以havebeen的形式出现，常见的有以下几种用法：考点1havebeento＋地点havebeento曾经去过现已回来可接次数HehasbeentoBeijing3times.他去过北京三次。havegoneto到某地去了尚未回来通常不用第一人称She’snothere.ShehasgonetoQingdao.她不在这里，她去了青岛。havebeenin/at在某地呆了多长时间常接时间段HehasbeeninLondonforhalfayear.他在伦敦呆了半年。（）—BenandSuearen’thome，arethey?—No.They________toLondononbusiness. A.havegone B.go C.havebeen D.willgo考点2当havebeento后面接副词，如here,there,home时，to要省略。变为havebeenhere/there/home。（）YousaidthatZhijinCaveisverybeautiful.________you________there？ A.Have；gone B.Have；been C.Have；gonetoD.Have；beento考点3havebeenin＋组织，表示加入某组织。 Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.他参军三年了。考点4 havebeen＋adj./n.呈现……状态 Theshophasbeenopenfor10years.这家店营业十年了。Wehavebeenfriendssincewewere5.我们从5岁起就一直是朋友。考点5 ever,never常与现在完成时连用，是现在完成时态的提示词。 everadv.曾经；在任何时候 neveradv.从未 —Haveyoueverbeenthere？你曾去过那里吗？—No,Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.不，我以前从未去过那里。（）Tonyisverynice.HeisthemostenjoyablepersonI________.A.meetever B.haveevermet C.hadevermet单项选择：（）1.—Whereisyourfather?—Heisn’tathome.He_______Zhijiang.A.hasgoneto B.hasbeento C.havebeento（）2.WhenwillAbiteofChinaⅢbegintonight?—Itfortenminutes.A.willbegin B.hasbegun C.willbeon D.hasbeenon（）3.ItotheWestLakefourtimes,butIwillgothereagainthissummer.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.hadgone（）4.—Parisisawonderfulplace.—Soitis.ItheretwiceA.havebeen B.havegone C.went D.will（）5.—HoboandEddie________thecinematowatchthefilmZootopia.—Oh,that'swhyIcan’tfindthemnow. A.havegonetoB.havebeento C.hasgonetoD.hasbeento（）6.Ourmathteacher________inourschoolfor20yearsandhe________herewhenhewas23yearsold. A.hastaught;hascomeB.taught;comesC.taught;cameD.hastaught;came（）7.—MayIspeaktoMr.Lee?—Sorry,he________Harbin.He________thecityfortwodays.A.hasbeento;hasbeeninB.hasgoneto;hasbeentoC.hasgoneto;hasbeenin（）8.Mygrandfatherlikesthesmallvillageverymuch.Sofarhe________therefor50years.A.hadlivedB.livedC.livesD.haslived（）9.—IsawMr.Whiteinhisofficejustnow.—No,it______behim.Hehas______BeijingandwillcomebacknextFriday. A.mustn’t;gonetoB.mustn’t;beentoC.can’t;beento D.can’t;goneto（）10.—______youever______totheGreatWall?—Yes.Threetimes. A.Has;beenB.Have;been C.Have;gone（）11.—MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,heisn’tin.He______Changsha. A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wentto（）12.—Yunnanisverybeautiful.I______therelastyear.—Yes,I______theretwice. A.went;havegone B.went;havebeen C.havegone;went D.havebeen;went（）13.—Whereisyouruncle?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He_______Beijingforabouthalfayear.HemovedthereinJanuary. A.hasgoneto B.hasbeentoC.hasarrivedin D.hasbeenin（）14.—Frank,whereisyourfather? —Hei