2022年广东省佛山市一中高一下学期第一次段考试题（3月）英语试题

2021-2022学年度高一年级下学期第一次段考本试卷共8页，81小题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必用黑色笔迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。3．作答选做题时，请先用2B铅笔填涂选做题的题组号对应的信息点，再作答。漏涂、错涂、多涂的，答案无效。第二部分阅读（共三节,满分40分）第一节阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分,满分20分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAfewweeksago,IdrovedownabackroadinWestVirginia.SometimeafterIpassedSpruceMountain,myphonelostservice—andIknewitwouldremainsilentforthenextfewdays.IwasheadingtowardGreenBank,atownthatagreestotheban(禁止)ontechnologyintheUnitedStates.ThepeopletheredowithoutnotonlycellphonesbutalsoWi-Fi,microwaveovens,andanyotherdevicesthatcreatesignals.ThebanistoprotecttheGreenBankObservatory,agroupofradiotelescopes(无线电望远镜）inamountainvalley.Thetelescopesareverypowerfulforhumanbeings.Scientiststravelheretomeasuregravitational(引力的)wavesinthespace.Astronomersstudythestars.Ithasalsobecomeadestinationforalienhunterswhohopetodiscovermessagestheresentfromotherplanets.Andinthepasttenyears,thetownhasbecomeadestinationforpeoplewhobelievethey’resickofcellphonetowers.Icameinhopesoffindingacertainkindofwildnessandsolitude(独处).IliveinMassachusetts,andIoftendisappearintotheforestsandriverstoclearmyhead.I'vealwayslovedthemomentwhenthebarsonmyphonedisappear.WhenI’moutofrangeentirely,timegrowselastic(有弹性的).Ifeeldeeplyfree.Intheory,Icouldachievethiskindoffreedomanywherebyshuttingoffmycellphone.Butthathasneverworkedforme—andIdoubtitdoesn'tformostotherpeopleeither.Turnoffyourphoneandyouwillturnitonagain.Toexperiencethedeepestsolitude,youneedtoenterthelandwheretheInternetends.11.WhatcanbefoundinSpruceMountain?A.Digitaldevices. B.Availablesmartphones. C.Radiotelescopes. D.Cellphonetowers.12.WhatkindofpeoplemaychoosetogotoSpruceMountain?A.Supportersofgreenlife.B.Peopleagainstcellphones.C.Passionatehuntersforwildlife.D.Scientistsexploringtheearth.13.Howcanyouachieverealfreedomaccordingtotheauthor?Shutoffyourphonesandyouwillfeelfree.Switchyourphoneintoflightmode.GotoSpruceMountaininperson.GotosomewherewithouttheInternet.BWithintelligentsystemsandnew-agenetworks,lifeinthebigcitieswilllikelybehappierandmoreefficient.Afterall,morethan60percentoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincitiesby2050,accordingtoaUNreport.Thesecitieswilluse5Gnetworkstomakeeverydaylifesaferandmoreconvenient.CitieslikeBoston,Baltimore,AmsterdamandCopenhagenarealreadyusingsmarttechnologytoimprovepeople’slives.Butwhatexactlydoesasmartcitydo?Let’slookatafewexamples.IntheUnitedStatescitiesofBostonandBaltimore,smarttrashcanscansensehowfulltheyareandinformcleaningworkerswhentheyneedtobeemptied.InAmsterdam,theNetherlands,trafficflowandenergyusagearemonitoredandadjustedaccordingtoreal-timedatagatheredfromsensors(传感器)aroundthecity.AndinCopenhagen,Denmark,asmartbikesystemallowsriderstocheckonairqualityandtrafficjamastheyride.Smartcitieswillbeinteractive,allowingtheirresidentstofeellikethey’retrulyshapingtheirenvironment,insteadofmerelyexistinginit.“Oneofthemostimportantreasonstohaveasmartcityisthatwecanactuallycommunicatewithourenvironmentinawaythatweneverhadinthepast,”MrinaliniIngramtoldTechRepublic.Ofcourse,itwilltaketimeandmoneytoturnourpresentcitiesintothesmartcitiesofthefuture.Butaswe’vealreadyseen,morecitiesaroundtheworldarealreadyusingsmarttechnologyinsmallways.China,forexample,ismakinginvestmentsinbigcitieslikeGuangzhoutomakethem“smarter”.Itwon’tbelonguntilevenmorecitiesstarttodeveloptheirownsmartinfrastructure(基础设施).14.Whatcanasmartcityactuallydoinpeople’sdailylife?A.Areal-timetrafficjamcanbereported.B.Moreandmorepeoplewillliveinbigcities.C.Itcanreplaceworkerstoemptyatrashcan. D.Peoplecanridebikesinaneasierway.15.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Smartcitieswillbeinteractive”?A.Peopleinbigcitieswillbenefitfromintelligentsystems.B.Moreandmorebigcitieswillusesmarttechnology.C.Wewillshowadeeperpassionforbuildingournewcities.D.Wewillcommunicatewiththeenvironmentinanewway.16.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutsmartcities?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Positive. D.Negative.CTodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironmentcontainingiceandsnow.Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast.TheresearcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment(沉积物)fromundertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforestmaterialthatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold.ThiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainlandanimals.ThesedimentwasremovedbyscientistsontheresearchicebreakerRVPolarsternintheAmundsenSeanearPineIslandGlacier.JohannKlagesisageologistwiththeAlfredWegenerInstitute,HelmholtzCenterforPolarandMarineResearchinGermany.Hewastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings,publishedinthejournalNature.Hesaidthesedimentwascollectedfromadepthofabout30metersbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn’tformintheocean.Theresearchersestimatethatthearea—about900kilometersfromtheSouthPole—hadaverageyearlytemperaturesofabout12to13degreesCelsius.Duringthewarmestsummermonths,averagetemperatureslikelyreachedbetween20and25degreesCelsius.Thesoilincludedfinedirtparticles（颗粒）andhardclay（粘土）,aswellassubstanceslinkedtoatleast65differentkindsofplants,thestudyfound.Klagesaddedthattheplantsincludedtrees,ferns(蕨类)andfloweringplants.Whilenoanimalremainswerefound,Klagessaidtherewerelikelydinosaurs,flyingreptilesandmanyinsectsintheenvironment.TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesthatEarthhasexperiencedinthepast—andiscurrentlyundergoingtoday.Thesoilinthesedimentdatesbacktotheplanet’swarmestperiodofthepast140millionyears,withsealevelabout170metershigherthantoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecauseeachyear,theareaexperiencesafour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirfindings?A．ByexploringiceinAntarctica.B．ByanalyzingtheEarthsediment.C．Bycollectingdataonclimate.D．Byresearchingspecialplants.18．Whatdidtheresearcherssayaboutthesediment?A．Itsmaterialdevelopedintheocean.B．ItdatesbacktocoldtimesinAntarctica.C．Itsmaterialformedontheland.D．Itcontaineddifferentanimalremains.19．Whatdoweknowabouttheresultsoftheresearchinthelastparagraph?A．Thesealeveltodayislowerthanthatinthepast.B．PolarnightsinAntarcticaaregettingshorterthanbefore.C．Therewereicesheets140millionyearsago.D．Seasonalsnowfallmadetheforestdisappear.20．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Researchersprovedthepreviousstudieswrong.B．Antarcticahasanextremeenvironment.C．TherewasvariouswildlifeinAntarctica.D．Antarcticahadadifferenthistoryofclimate.第二节语句排序（共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）将下列几个部分（A、B、C、D和E）按题号排序,构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。____21_____→____22_____→____23_____→____24_____→____25_____Tokeepherselfbusy,Annestartedtowriteadiary,inwhichshedescribednotonlyherstruggles,butalsoherhopesanddreams.Afterthewar,herdiarywasfoundandpublished.Herspirithasinfluencedteenagersallovertheworld.TheDiaryofAnneFrankhasbeenoneofthemostpowerfulaccountsoftheexperienceoftheNaziHolocaust(大屠杀),whichwaswrittenbyAnneFrank,alittlegirlfromaJewishfamily.Annekeptwritingfortwoyearsuntiltheywerecaughtandsenttolabourcamps,wheresheandhersisterdied.Duringthewar,thecitybecameunsafe,soAnne’sfamilymovedintoasecretannexe—someroomsaboveherfather’soffice,wheretheyhidforalongtimeandsufferedfromhungerandfear.第三节选句填空（共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余项。请将答案按题号涂到相应的答卷题号上。Thankstoglobalization,wecanfindallsortsoffruitandvegetablesfromallovertheworldinsupermarkets.Butwehavefourdifferentseasonsandeachseasonhasdifferentweatherconditions.____26____Obviously,therearehugebenefitsofeatingseasonalandlocallysourcedfoods.____27____Fruitandvegetablesinseasonareusuallybetterquality,richerinflavorandhavehighernutritionalvalue.Eatingwhat’sinseasonwillalsomakeyouhaveavarieddietthroughouttheyear.Eatingseasonalandlocallysourcedfoodsisgoodforthelocaleconomy.____28____Supportingthelocalfarmers,grocerystoresandsmallbusinessesisalsooneofthemanybenefitsofeatingseasonalandlocallysourcedfruitandvegetables.Buyingseasonalandlocallysourcedfoodsbenefitstheenvironment.Choosingseasonalfruitandvegetableswillhelpreducethenumberofmilesyourfoodshavetotravelbeforetheyreachyourplate.Moreover,localfruitandvegetablesinseasonareusuallynotpackedinplastic.____29____Eatingseasonalandlocallysourcedfoodsischeaper.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutseasonalfoodsarethattheyareexpensive.____30____Thereareplentyoflocalmarketsthatsellcheapin-seasonfruitandvegetablesattheendofeachday.A.Buyinglocalfoodshelpscreatejobs.B.Fruitandvegetablesinseasonandlocallysourcedarehealthier.C.Todayit’smucheasiertogetfresh,seasonalandlocallysourcedfoods.D.Avoidingpackagingwastecontributestoreducingourimpactontheplanet.E.That’swhydifferentfoodsgrowbetteratdifferenttimesoftheyearinaspecificcountry.F.Asaresult,veryfewpeopleknowwhichfruitandvegetablesarenativetotheirhomeland.G.However,eatingseasonalandlocallysourcedfruitandvegetableswillsaveyoumoney.第三部分综合应用（共两节,满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IsufferedfromAsperger’satmychildhood.Oneofthebiggest___31___Ifacedwascommunicatingwithothers.IwasshybutIlovedtoreadandrecitefacts.Thissometimesmademea___32___forbullies(欺凌).Ididn’treallyunderstandasmuchaboutthediseaseorhowit___33___mylife.WhenIwasinmy20s,I___34___toParis.Iwasdeeplyattractedbythecity,andI___35___ajobinabighotelrightthen.AsanEiffelTowerambassador,I___36___guestsandvisitorsastheytookthelifttothetopofthehotel’s46-storytower,whereIlikedto___37___thelocalattractionsandhelpedpeoplefindthebest___38___fortakingphotos.Atfirst,Ihadaproblemwithchangesineverydaylife,___39___whentalkingwithpeoplewhoweredifferentfromme.ButIlikedtomemorizefacts,andthatreally___40___inmyjobbecausepeoplelovedtolearnalloftheinterestingthingsaboutthecity.EverydaywhenIclockedin,Ifeltitwastimeformetoperformforand___41___theguests.IloveditwhenIlearnedsomethingnewbecauseIcouldn’t___42___tosharetheinformationwithothers.Everyoneis___43___,andeveryonehasagift.Ittakesmemorethan50yearsto___44___thatIamdifferent.Justbeyourself,bekind,andtrytomakea___45___inyourlife.decisionsB.challenges C.conflictsD.changessign B.problem C.memory D.targetreflectedB.maintained C.affected D.forgotmoved B.escaped C.rushed D.gatheredpreparedforB.putup C.appliedforD.turneddowndroveB.directedC.sentD.accompaniedintroduce B.identifyC.recognizeD.confirmadvertisementsB.spots C.reasonsD.habitssimply B.personally C.certainlyD.especiallyhappened B.treated C.helped D.relievedentertainB.trust C.guide D.educatestop B.start C.wait D.quitdifficult B.successful C.bright D.uniquerememberB.realize C.wonder D.admitdifference B.promise C.choice D.living第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面材料,在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Intheclinic(诊所),IaskedwhetherMichaelcouldberetested,sothespecialisttestedhimagain.However,tomy___46___(disappoint),itwasthesamescore.

Laterthatevening,ItearfullytoldFrank

___47___Ihadlearnedthatday.Aftertalkingitover,weagreedthatweknewoursonmuchbetterthantheIQtest.WedecidedthatMichael'sscoremusthavebeenamistakeandweshouldtreathim___48___(natural)asusual.

WemovedtoIndianain1962,andMichaelstudiedatConcordiaHighSchoolinthesameyear.Hegotgood___49___(grade)intheschool,especiallyinbiologyandchemistry,whichwas___50___greatcomfort.

MichaelenteredIndianaUniversityin1965___51___apre-medicalstudent,andsoonafterwards,histeacherssuggested___52___(take)morecoursesthanrequired.In1968,he___53___(admit)totheSchoolofMedicine,YaleUniversity.

___54___(interest),MichaelthenaskedforanotherIQtest.Wewenttothesameclinic,___55___hehadreceivedthetesteighteenyearsbefore.ThistimeMichaelscored126,anincreaseof36points.Aresultlikethatwassupposedtobeimpossible.第四部分词汇基础（共两节,满分20分）第一节词义匹配（共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分）根据句子内容,从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项（A到L）。选项中有两项为多余选项。Heworkedhardforyearsandeventuallyrosetothepositionofvicepresident. _______Sheisamongthemostpromisingplayersinheragegroup. _______Theworkerswentonstrikeinprotestagainstlowwages. _______Hewassweatingfromtheintenseheat. _______Itisimportantforapersontohaveareputationforbeinghonest. _______Discriminationagainstwomenintheworkplaceisnotallowed. _______First,wehavetoestablishsomebasicguidelinesandrulesforthenewclass. _______Idecidedtoconductanexperiment. _______Thepolicewouldtaketoughermeasurestodealwiththetrouble. _______Tompattedhimontheshoulder.“Sorrytointerrupt,sir.” _______greatorextremeinstrengthordegreetoorganize,manageanddoanactivityoratasktocreate,setuporfoundsomethingtobeinterestedinsomethingandwanttoknowmoreaboutitamovementtoexpressoppositionanddisagreementtobecapableofbeingseenornoticedclearlytheopinionthatotherpeoplehaveabouthowgoodsomeoneistosayordosomethingthatcausesotherstostopwhattheyaredoingmethodsorparticularactionsinordertoachieveaparticularresultshowingpossibilityofachievementorsuccessattheendofasituationorprocessorasthefinalresultofitunfairtreatmentofapersonorgroup第二节单词拼写（共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分）根据前后文及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示,写出该单词的正确形式。LifeishardforwildlifeinAfricaastherearemanynaturald_________likefloods,droughtsandforestfiresinnature.Thev__________eruptionintheKingdomofTongainJanuary,2022mayhaveaslightimpactonglobaltemperatures,accordingtosomescientists.Thetroopswenttothejungleinsearchofthepilotwhowassaidtohaves________theaircrash.ThewarbetweenUkraineandRussiagottheoldcoupleworriedandtheywaiteda________forthephonecallfromtheirsoneveryday.Inordertoraisestudents’a__________ofworkinghardeveryday,ourschoolinvitedagraduatewhoisstudyinginTsinghuaUniversitynowtogivealecture.Thestudentsinourschoolarelively,enthusiasticand____________(精力充沛的).Onlywhenwetakepositive_____________(态度)towardsourstudycanweenjoythewholeprocess.Itwaswhenthecountrywasfightingforitsfreedomand____________(独立)thattheworldwarbrokeout.Theheadmaster________(授予)agoldmedaltothewinnerattheendoftheceremonytheotherday.Ifyouneedmore___________(投入)inyourlife,thinkaboutwhatisthemostimportanttoyou.书面表达（共两节,满分40分）第一节完成句子（共5小题，每小题3分,满分15分）根据前后文及所给中文在空格处用合适的英文完成句子。Naturegothurt,feltpain,andfinally_____________________________(背弃)us.Thebusinessmanis__________________(濒临)failure,duetotheCOVID-19epidemictheseyears.Thisisbecauseshoutingcancauseyou______________________(吸入)adangerousamountofdust.Ourmoney__________(已用完了).Whatwasmore,therewasnobodywhowecouldturntoforhelp.Theengineoftheracingboat__________(出故障)suddenly,whichmadethemataloss.第二节应用文写作（满分25分）假设你是李华，你校英语节来临，你准备参加英语演讲比赛。请你以“TheGreatPersonIAdmire”为题，用英语写一篇演讲稿，要求如下：从下表中选择对你影响最大的一位伟人，描述他（她）的主要事迹；谈谈该伟人对你产生的激励作用。注意：(1)字数100-120；(2)标题和开头结尾不计入总词数。参考词汇：动物学家zoologist

(n.)黑猩猩chimp

(n.)青蒿素artemisinin(n.)杂交稻hybrid

riceJaneGoodall(1934-)，BritainTuYouyou(1930-),ChinaYuanLongping(1930-2021),China动物学家,前往非洲研究黑猩猩多年,在研究和保护野生动物方面做出巨大贡献。药学家,多年从事中西药结合研究,创制了新型抗疟药青蒿素,首位获诺贝尔科学奖的中国人。农业专家,致力于杂交水稻研究,在消除世界饥饿方面做出巨大贡献。TheGreatPersonIAdmireLadiesandgentlemen,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyouforyourlistening.

2021-2022学年度高一年级下学期第一次段考第二部分阅读（共三节,满分40分）第一节阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分,满分20分）11-13CBD14-16ADC17-20B