Unit+1+Science+and+Scientists+Reading+and+Thinking+高中英语（2019）选择性必修第二册

ScienceandScientistsUnit1

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acidtests[nuˈkleɪɪkˈæsɪdtest]（核酸检测）getvaccinated[ˈvæksɪneɪtɪd]（接种疫苗）Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?BesidesCOVID-19,whatotherkindsofepidemics（流行病）doyouknow?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[məˈleriə]（疟疾）cholera[kɒlərə]（霍乱）WhoHelpedDefeatMalaria?WhoDefeatedCholera?

ReadingandThinking:LearningobjectivesTogetaclearideaofhowSnowdefeatedthecholeraTounderstand7stagesofscientificresearchTosummarizesignificanceandcontributionsofJohn’sworkTosaythequalitiesandscientificspiritscientistshaveReadandfinishthetasksasquicklyaspossible.Readthetitleandpredict.JohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Mainidea:Thetextismainlyabout____________and______hedefeat________________JohnSnowhowKingCholeraWhat'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowJohnSnowfoundthecauseofcholeraanddefeatedit.B.Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5◆

Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.◆

Truthoftheinfectionofcholera◆Snow'scontributions◆

JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheoryReadthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideaofeachpart.◆JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.ABCDEFGroupwork:ChoosealetterandanswerthequestionCarefulreadingCholeraSnowIt'soneof________________________intheworld,becauseitcauses_________________________________________._______________________(time),anoutbreakofcholerahit_______,milionsofpeople______________________.Herosetobecome_________________,andeven_______________QueenVictoria

whenshegavebirth..Snowbecame________becausenooneknew_________________.However,hehadadesireto________________onceandforall.themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoeaanddehydrationandevendeathPara1

Intheearly19thcenturyEuropediedfromthediseasefrustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraafamousdoctorattendedtodestroycholeraThoughbeingfamous,hewasstilldevotedtodefeating“KingCholera”

Para1What&who?Theoryone:_______Theorytwo:_______SymptomsSymptoms（症状）coughsneezerunnynoseDiarrhoeadehydrationbadaircausedthediseaseaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwaterPara2

WhatwerethetwotheoriesandwhichdidJohnSnowagreewith?Snowsubscribedto

thesecondtheory.AmapofBroadStreet-”CholeraMap”WhatmethoddidSnowuse?1)Whichhouseshadmorethan4deathsinBroadStreet?2)WhichhouseshadnodeathinBroadStreet?Multipledeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Hesuspectedthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.

Para3

Readpara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.A:Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad___orgermsin___________.B:Snow_______________theplaceswherethepeople

who____hadlived.

C:◆

Manydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.◆

Somepeople________drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.◆

AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter_____________________.D:Thepumpwatercarried_____________.E:The______ofthepumpwasremoved.Matchthefollowingheaderswiththelettersfromthechartabove.WriteA-Eintheblanks.1.conclusion2.evidence3.process4.solution5.theories__________________________________airfoodorwatermarkedonamapdiedwaterpumphadn'tdrinkingwaterfromthepumpcholeragermshandleDCBEAconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesPara2-3How?ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.Para4TruthWhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondon?A.BadairB.WaterinfectedbyrawwasteC.PollutedairD.WaterpollutedbytheairThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.Para5ContributionsWhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?Watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiologyPara5ContributionsDiscussthefollowingstagesofscientificresearchingroups.Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?___analysetheresults___askaquestion

___drawaconclusion___collectdata___findaproblem___findsupportingevidence___thinkofamethod①③④⑤⑥②⑦Thereare7stagesneededtosetoutascientificresearch?Doyouknowwhattheyare?SummaryIntheearly19thcentury,anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,_______(cause)millionsofdeaths.Seeingthis,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhow________(prevent)ortreatcholera.Atthattime,doctorshadtwo_________(theory)toexplainhowcholeraspread.Onewasthatbadaircausedthediseaseandanotherwasthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.Johndiscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwas____severethatover500peoplediedintendays.Throughhisserious____________(investigate),hefounditwasthepumpwaterinBroadStreet_______resultedinthedisease.Therefore,hehadthehandleofthepump________(remove).Itturnedoutthatthewaterfromthepump______________(infect)bywaste.ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsaw____substantialdecrease.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,he____________(consider)thefatherofmodernepidemiology.causingtopreventsoinvestigationthatremovedhadbeeninfectedaisconsideredtheoriesdiscoveredartemisninto