高考英语 阅读理解之议论文

阅读理解（议论文）刷大题、提能力1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中学高考模拟试题）Technologyseemstodiscourageslowreading.Readingonscreenstireseyeseasily.Soonlinewritingismoreskimmablethanprint.TheneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,dramatictransformation”inhowreadersprocesswords.Andbrainsnowfavorrapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Andfearsaboutdecliningattentionspanshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Somecriticsworryaboutattentionspanandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”TheAmericanauthorSelvinwrote.“Butnobodyeversaidpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”YettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.First,itmeansthere’smoretoread,becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Anddigitalwritingmeansrapidreleaseandresponse.Oncepublished,onlinearticlesstartformingacommentstringunderneath.Suchmodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun,butisprobablylackinginprofoundreflection.Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasourceofpersonalachievement.Butthisadvocacyemphasizes“enthusiastic”or“eager”reading—neithersuggestslowabsorption.Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfintheirslowcomprehensionofwords.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshe’sdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistoodeterminedforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoftenassumetechnologicalchangecan’tbestopped,sooldermediaarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasn’tkilledoffprintedbooksanymorethancarskilledoffbicycles.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.1．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsSelvin’sopinion?A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.2．Whichstatementwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreading.B．Digitalwritingandreadingtendstoignorecarefulreflection.C．Weshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonthebrain.D．ThenumberofInternetreadersdeclinesduetotechnology.3．Whyis“swimmer”mentionedinparagraph4?A．Todemonstratehowtoimmerseoneselfinthought.B．Tostressswimmingdiffersfromreading.C．Toshowslowreadingisbetterthanfastreading.D．Toillustratewhatslowreadingislike.4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SlowReadingisHeretoStayB．TechnologyPreventsSlowReadingC．ReflectionsonDeepReadingD．TheWonderofDeepReading【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．A【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从各角度就科技对阅读的影响阐述了自己的观点并推崇慢速阅读。1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Andfearsaboutdecliningattentionspanshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.‘Somecriticsworryaboutattentionspanandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,’TheAmericanauthorSelvinwrote.‘Butnobodyeversaidpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.’(我们不应该夸大这种危险。所有读者都会略读。略读是我们在学习更熟练地阅读时获得的技能。事实证明，对注意力持续时间下降的担忧是虚惊一场。美国作家Selvin写道，‘一些评论家担心注意力持续时间，认为短篇小说是文化衰落的标志，但从来没有人说诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据’。)”可知，作者是赞成Selvin的观点，诗歌就是注意力持续时间短但文化丰富的深度阅读，所以对阅读注意力持续时间下降的担忧是没有必要的。故选A项。2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Oncepublished,onlinearticlesstartformingacommentstringunderneath.Suchmodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun,butisprobablylackinginprofoundreflection.(一旦发表，在线文章就开始在下面形成一个评论字符串。这种写作和阅读模式可以是互动和有趣的，但可能缺乏深刻的反思。)”可知，作者认为在线写作和阅读往往忽视仔细思考。故选B项。3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfintheirslowcomprehensionofwords.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshe'sdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.(对于一个慢读者来说，只有沉浸在他们对单词的缓慢理解中，才能完全理解一篇文章。阅读速度慢的人就像一个游泳运动员，他不再计算自己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动。)”可知，一个游泳运动员不再计算自己在游泳池里跑了多少圈，只是享受自己的身体在水中的感觉和运动，作者提到游泳运动员是为了说明慢速阅读是什么样的。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasn'tkilledoffprintedbooksanymorethancarskilledoffbicycles.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-formedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.(在实践中，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有像汽车杀死自行车一样杀死印刷书籍。我们仍然想享受慢慢形成的想法和精心挑选的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间慢慢阅读。)”以及上文可知，作者就科技对阅读的影响阐述自己的观点并认为在快速发展的时代中，我们仍然可以享受慢速阅读。所以A项SlowReadingisHeretoStay(慢读还是存在的)符文文意。故选A项。2.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题）It’sunlikelythatyoucomehomefromatripandstandontopofyourbedstillwearingyourstreetshoes.Forsometravellers,puttingtheirsuitcaseontheirbedisjustasdisgusting(令人反感的).Thewheelsofourluggagepacedthesamesoiledpathasourshoes,rollingthroughairportbathrooms,sidewalksandpublictransportation.Whileitmightsoundterribletoputaworldlybagonyourbed,isitactuallyharmfultoyourhealth?AccordingtoPhyllisKozarsky,anexperttravelhealthconsultant,mostpublichealthprofessionalsdon’tconsiderluggageamajortransmitter(传播者)ofdisease.“Wehavenotidentifiedoutbreaksrelatedtodirtyluggage,”Kozarskysays.Travellersmaybenefitfromcleaningtheirluggageiftheysuspectthattheirhotelroomsareoverrunwithbedbugs.“Thentheycertainlywouldbenefitbycleaningitaftertheyreturnedhome,”Kozarskysays.Evenifyourluggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou,youmightstillbedisgusted.Afterall,travelisanexperiencefullofbacteria.“Youhavepeople...carryingalltypesofdifferentbacteria.Someofthemaresick,andyounowhavethempopulatingthesepublictravelplaces,”saysColleenCostello,CEOofVitalVio,acompanythatmakesantibacterialLEDlights.Yourfellowtravellershavetotouchallthesamethingsyouhavetotouch,fromtheTSAcheckpointtotheairplane,thetrainticketingmachinetothehandrailinyourtraincar.Forpeaceofmind,Costellorecommendsgivingyourbagaquickdisinfectionorstoringitonaluggageshelf.Ofcourse,youcouldgobeyonddisinfectingyourluggagewheelsandcleanthoroughlytherestofyourtravelexperience—theairplanetraytable,hotelroomdoorandremotecontrol.ButKozarskydoesn’tguaranteethatlifestyle.“It’shardtokeepupwitheverydoorhandle,everyrailing,”Kozarskysays.“Youcanbecomealittleneurotic(神经质的)thatway.”5．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Topredicttheconclusion. B．Topresenttheargument.C．Tointroducethetopic. D．Todescribethephenomenon.6．WhatdoesKozarskyconveybyexplainingtheluggage-cleaningcase?A．Luggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou. B．Luggagespreadsdiseasethroughyourbed.C．It’samusttocleanyourluggageaftertravelling. D．Travellersshouldbecarefulofon-waydangers.7．HowdoesCostellosupporthisopinion?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bystatingfacts.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Bylistingfigures.8．WhatdoesKozarskythinkofCostello’ssuggestion?A．Ithasgonetoofar. B．It’sabsolutelyworthless.C．Itsoundssomewhatreasonable. D．It’sworthtakingintoconsideration.【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．A【导语】这是一篇议论文。跟随主人闯荡多年的行李箱放在床上是否对人体有害？专家对此观点不一。5．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’sunlikelythatyoucomehomefromatripandstandontopofyourbedstillwearingyourstreetshoes.Forsometravellers,puttingtheirsuitcaseontheirbedisjustasdisgusting(令人反感的).Thewheelsofourluggagepacedthesamesoiledpathasourshoes,rollingthroughairportbathrooms,sidewalksandpublictransportation.(你不太可能从旅行回到家，还穿着你的街头鞋站在床上。对一些旅行者来说，把行李箱放在床上同样令人恶心。我们的行李轮子和我们的鞋子一样，在机场的浴室、人行道和公共交通工具上滚动着)”以及第二段“Whileitmightsoundterribletoputaworldlybagonyourbed,isitactuallyharmfultoyourhealth?(虽然把一个世俗的袋子放在床上听起来很可怕，但它真的对你的健康有害吗？)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wehavenotidentifiedoutbreaksrelatedtodirtyluggage(我们还没有发现与脏行李有关的疫情)”以及第四段“Evenifyourluggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou,youmightstillbedisgusted.(即使你的行李碰在床上不会伤害到你，你也可能会感到恶心)”可知，科扎斯基通过解释行李清洁案例传达行李碰你的床不会伤害你。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据第四段““Youhavepeople...carryingalltypesofdifferentbacteria.Someofthemaresick,andyounowhavethempopulatingthesepublictravelplaces,”saysColleenCostello,CEOofVitalVio,acompanythatmakesantibacterialLEDlights.(“有人……携带各种不同的细菌。他们中的一些人生病了，现在他们在这些公共旅行场所聚集，”生产抗菌LED灯的VitalVio公司的首席执行官科琳·科斯特洛说)”可推知，科斯特洛通过陈述事实支持他的观点。故选B。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButKozarskydoesn’tguaranteethatlifestyle.“It’shardtokeepupwitheverydoorhandle,everyrailing,”Kozarskysays.“Youcanbecomealittleneurotic(神经质的)thatway.”(但科扎斯基并不能保证这种生活方式。科扎尔斯基说：“很难跟上每一个门把手、每一条栏杆。那样你会变得有点神经质。”)”可推知，科扎斯基认为科斯特洛的建议有点太过分了。故选A。3.（安徽省池州市贵池区池州市第一中学2023年高三试题）Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let’sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”9．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsvictors’standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A．Positive. B．Objective.C．Skeptical. D．Unclear.10．WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A．Theythinkthemselvessmart.B．Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C．Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D．Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.11．Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A．Becauseofimprovedglobalcommunication.B．Becauseoflessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C．Becauseofacceptanceofvictors’concepts.D．Becauseofchangesinpeople’ssocialpositions.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GeniusesThinkAlike B．GeniusandtheFutureWorldC．GeniusandIntelligence D．GeniusMayBelongtoDifferentCategories【答案】9．C10．D11．A12．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的，故对此持批判态度。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare‘really,reallysmart.’(更糟糕的是，研究发现，女孩们的行为也遵循这一信念。在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是‘非常非常聪明’的孩子才会做的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一个拥有持续的全球交流的联网的世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的出现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。12．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?(谁是天才？)”和最后一段的“Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith‘intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.’(我们看得越多，就越会发现，性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌。正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些‘拥有智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运，能够改变世界的人’)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知D项“天才可能属于不同的范畴”为最佳标题。故选D。4.（2023年河南省南阳高三模拟卷）MariluArcelovesherjob,butforatimesheconsideredleaving.Thetraffic-plaguedcommutefromherhometoheroffice,nearlytwohourseachway,meantherdaughterscouldn’tenrollinafterschoolactivitiesbecauseshecouldn’tgethomeintimetotakethem.Thenheremployeradoptedapolicypermittinghertoworkfromhometwodaysaweek,and“Ifeellikeitchangedmylife,”shesaid.Herstresslevelhasdropped.Herdaughtersarethrilled.Shelikesherjobmore.That’sthetypeofreactionArce’sbosslikestohearasthecompanymeasuresthesuccessofthework-from-homepolicywhichwasinstitutedthreeyearsagoinhopesofimprovingemployeeretention.Sofar,itseemstobeworking:turnoverwaslessthanfivepercentlastyear—itslowestever.Flexibleworkpoliciestopemployeewishlistswhentheylookforajob,andemployersincreasinglyhavebeenofferingthem.Studieshaveshownworkingremotelyincreasesemployeeengagement,butinmoderationbecausethereisstillvalueintherelationshipsnurturedwhencolleaguesarefacetoface.Thekey,advocatesofflexibleworkpoliciessay,istomatchtheenvironmentwiththetypeofworkthatneedstobedone.Theflexibilityhasn’thurtproductivity,whichisup50percent.Thereis“somethinglost”whencolleaguesdon’tgatheratthewatercooler,butit’soutweighedbytheretentionandhappinessgains,hesaid.Asjobsthatrequirephysicalworkdecline,thankstotechnologicaladvances,lifesuperficiallyappearstogetbetter.Consumersbenefitintheformofcheaperprices.Labor-savingappliancesallmakethingseasierandsuggestthatevenmoreandbetterbenefitsareonthehorizon.Butissomethinglost?Talklongenoughtothemostaccomplishedacademics,theywillbragaboutalong-agocollegesummerjobwaitingtablesorrepairinghikingtrails.Theymightpraisetheinstallerwhoredidtheirkitchen.Thereseemstobeahumaninstincttowanttodophysicalwork.Theproliferationofhard-workreality-televisionprogrammingreflectsthisapparentneed.Indeed,themorewehavebecomeimmobileandurbanized,themorewetuneintowatchrealitytelevision’struckers,loggers,farmers,drillersandrailengineers.Inasocietythatsupposedlydespisesmenialjobs,thetelevisionratingsforsuchprogrammessuggestthatlotsofAmericansenjoywatchingpeopleofaction,whoworkwiththeirhands.Physicalwork,initseleventhhourwithinarapidlychangingWesternculture,stillintriguesusinpartbecauseitremainsthefoundationfor21stcenturycomplexity.Beforeanyofuscanteach,writeorspeculate,wemustfirsthavefood,shelterandsafety.Andforabitlonger,thatwillrequiresomepeopletocutgrapesandnailtwo-by-sixes.Noappsor3Dprintersexisttoproducebrownrice.Physicallabouralsopromoteshumanversatility:Thosewhodonotdoit,orwhodonotknowhowtodoit,becomedivorcedfrom—and,atthesametime,dependenton—labourers.Lawyers,accountantsandjournalistslivinginhouseswithyardsanddrivingcarstoworkthuscountonasupportinginfrastructureofelectricians,landscapersandmechanics.Inthatcontext,physicallabourcanprovideindependence,atleastinalimitedsenseofnotbeingentirelyreliantonahostofhiredworkers.13．TheauthormentionstheexampleofArcetoshowthat________.A．shedislikesthepresentjobforthelongcommutingtimeB．sheishavingtroublebalancingworkandschoollifeC．peopleusuallydon’tworkhardoutsideofficeD．employersarefacingtheproblemofstaffdrain14．Thepracticeofflexibleworkingtimeisbasedonthebeliefthat________.A．ithelpstoincreasejobsatisfactionfortheemployeesB．itimprovesharmoniousrelationshipamongcolleaguesC．thedeclineinphysicalworkgivesemployeesmoremobilityD．employeesareentitledtorequestitaccordingtotheirwork15．Whatisthepossiblereasonforthepopularityofhard-workreality-televisionprogrammes?A．Theyentertainthoseemployeesburnedoutwithoverwork.B．Peoplecanlearnsomebasiclabourskillsfromtheseprogrammes.C．There’sanongoingneedforphysicallabourskillsthattechnologydoesn’tpossess.D．Theyofferinstructiveinformationforbothemployersandemployees.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEmergenceofAlternativeWorkArrangementsB．TheRiseofAutomation,theDeclineinNeedforLabourC．TimetoRethinkintheFaceoftheEvolutionofWorkD．NewChallengesforToday’sEmployersandAcademics【答案】13．D14．A15．C16．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。灵活的工作制度和技术的发展带来了便利，减少了人们的体力劳动，但体力劳动对人们也有重大意义。13．推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“That’sthetypeofreactionArce’sbosslikestohearasthecompanymeasuresthesuccessofthework-from-homepolicywhichwasinstitutedthreeyearsagoinhopesofimprovingemployeeretention.(这是Arce的老板在公司评估在家工作政策是否成功时喜欢听到的反应。该政策是三年前制定的，旨在提高员工的留任率)”可知，Arce虽然喜欢自己的工作，但由于交通问题想要辞职，老板允许她在家工作后，她更加喜欢这个工作了，这也是老板喜闻乐见的，因为这种政策留住了员工，由此可推测出，列举Arce的例子是为了说明雇主们面临着员工流失的问题。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Flexibleworkpoliciestopemployeewishlistswhentheylookforajob,andemployersincreasinglyhavebeenofferingthem.(灵活的工作政策是员工求职时的首要愿望，雇主越来越多地提供这些政策)”可知，员工求职时的首要愿望就是灵活的工作政策，由此可推测，实施灵活工作可以帮助增加员工的工作满意度。故选A。15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Thereseemstobeahumaninstincttowanttodophysicalwork.Theproliferationofhard-workreality-televisionprogrammingreflectsthisapparentneed.(人类似乎有一种想做体力劳动的本能。辛勤工作的真人秀节目的激增反映了这种明显的需求)”可知，辛勤工作的真人秀受到欢迎反映了人类进行体力劳动的需求。故选C。16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，前三段借用MariluArce的例子讲述了灵活工作政策带来的好处，第四段结尾用问句“Butissomethinglost?(但是有什么东西失去了吗？)”进行转折，接下来讲述了人们离不开体力劳动的原因。由此可推测出，本文围绕灵活工作政策减少体力劳动展开，讲述了其带来的好处以及并不适用于所有情况，C项“面对工作的演变，是时候反思了”最能反映本文主题。故选C。5.（重庆市四区2023年高三模拟试题）Anyimagetakenfromspaceconfirmsthatweliveonanoceanplanet.Howstrangethatwecallourplanet“Earth,”derivedfromaGermanicwordmeaning“theground,”whenmorethan70percentofitssurfaceiscoveredbyocean.Weneedmorepeopletoseethesea.Rightnow,lessthan3percentoftheoceanisconsideredhighlyprotected.Expertsurgethatatleast30percentbeprotectedtosafeguardmarine(海洋的)ecosystems,whichinturnwillhelpprotectourhealthandwell-being.Theoceansuppliesmorethanhalfouroxygen,absorbscarbondioxide,regulatesourclimate,andsupportsmuchoftheworld’seconomy.Weneeditalotmorethanitneedsus.TakeFlorida,forexample,oneoftheUnitedStates’recreationalhotspots.It’sborderedbytheFloridaReefTract,NorthAmerica’sonlylivingcoralbarrierreefandthethirdlargestintheworld.Hometomorethan500speciesoffish,thereefisalsoessentialtotheSunshineState’seconomy,generatinganestimated$1.1billionannuallyintourism.Thereefbuffers(保护)thecoastline,too,sincehealthycoralreefsabsorb97percentofawave’senergy.Three-quartersofFlorida’s22millionpeoplelivealongthecoast,andtheFloridaReefTractprovidesmorethan$650millionincombinedeconomicactivityandfloodprotection.ANovember2022studyfromtheUniversityofMiamihasfoundthat70percentofFlorida’scoralreefsareexperiencinganetlossofreefhabitat.DirectlyfacingtheseconcernsiswhatImeanbyseeingthesea—thegood,thebad,theimportant.Knowledgeispower,andwecanuseittoinformourchoices,fromtravelingmoremindfully,toexamininghowwerunourbusinesses,tovoting.“Noonecandoeverything,buteveryonecandosomething,”SylviaEarle,oceanographerandNationalGeographicExploreratLarge,isfondofsaying.Theoceanisaremarkableteacher,andit’snevertoolatetostartlearning.17．Whatdoestheseadoforourhuman?A．Theseachangesourclimate.B．Theseacontrolscarbondioxideforus.C．Theseaproducesalltheoxygenweneed.D．Theseaprovideseconomicalbenefitsforus.18．Whatdoesthewritersuggest?A．Travellingmore,learningmore.B．Runningourbusinesscreatively.C．Raisingawarenessofconservation.D．Doingsomevotingbeforeactions.19．Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．Ascientificfiction. B．Anewsreport.C．Atraveljournal. D．Anaturalmagazine.20．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToHugtheOceanTightly.B．ToLearntheOceanDevotedly.C．ToCleantheOceanCarefully.D．ToLovetheOceanPermanently.【答案】17．D18．C19．D20．B【导语】本文是议论文。地球表面的70%以上都被海洋覆盖。作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theoceansuppliesmorethanhalfouroxygen,absorbscarbondioxide,regulatesourclimate,andsupportsmuchoftheworld’seconomy.Weneeditalotmorethanitneedsus.(海洋为我们提供了一半以上的氧气，吸收二氧化碳，调节气候，并支撑着世界大部分经济。比起它需要我们，我们更需要它。)”可知，海洋为我们提供经济效益。故选D。18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“DirectlyfacingtheseconcernsiswhatImeanbyseeingthesea—thegood,thebad,theimportant.Knowledgeispower,andwecanuseittoinformourchoices,fromtravelingmoremindfully,toexamininghowwerunourbusinesses,tovoting.(直接面对这些问题就是我所说的看海的意思——好的，坏的，重要的。知识就是力量，我们可以用它来指导我们的选择，从更谨慎地旅行，到检查我们如何经营我们的企业，再到投票。)”可知，作者建议我们面对所有的问题，用知识指导选择，谨慎旅游，核查企业经营模式等，综上可推断，要提高环保意识。故选C。19．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Weneedmorepeopletoseethesea.Rightnow,lessthan3percentoftheoceanisconsideredhighlyprotected.Expertsurgethatatleast30percentbeprotectedtosafeguardmarine(海洋的)ecosystems,whichinturnwillhelpprotectourhealthandwell-being.(我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护我们的健康和福祉。)”以及全文内容可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解海洋，保护海洋。因此推断文章可能选择自然杂志，故选D。20．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Weneedmorepeopletoseethesea.Rightnow,lessthan3percentoftheoceanisconsideredhighlyprotected.Expertsurgethatatleast30percentbeprotectedtosafeguardmarine(海洋的)ecosystems,whichinturnwillhelpprotectourhealthandwell-being.(我们需要更多的人去看海。目前，只有不到3%的海洋被认为是高度保护的。专家敦促至少要保护30%的海洋生态系统，这反过来又有助于保护我们的健康和福祉。)”和最后一段“Theoceanisaremarkableteacher,andit’snevertoolatetostartlearning.(海洋是一位了不起的老师，开始了解永远不会太晚。)”可知，作者通过举例分析，呼吁人们了解给我们带来健康和福祉的海洋，从而保护海洋。因此推断B项“一心一意地了解海洋”为最近标题，故选B。6.（2023年四川省高三高考专家联测卷试题）Thecloningtechnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsamongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffersawayforhumanbeingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人恶魔)whowilldestroyusallintheend.FOR◆Cloningisimportantforwomenwhoaresingletohaveachild,usingcloninginsteadofartificialinsemination(授精).Cloningcouldalsoprovideacopyofachildforacouplewhosechilddied.◆Anothergoalofcloningistoproducelivestock(家畜)withidealcharactersforagricultureandindustryandtobeabletomanufacturebiologicalproductssuchasproteinsforhumans.◆Cloningcouldbeusedinvariouswaystobenefitthelivesofhumans.◆Itmayprovideawayforcompletelysterileindividualstoreproduce!Itmayprovideawayforhomosexualcouplestoreproducethemselves,anditwillprobablyprovideavaluablebasicresearchandpossiblyspinofftechnologiesrelatedtoreproductionanddevelopment.◆Cloningwouldalsomeanthatorganscouldbecloned,soitwouldbeasourceofperfectorgansfortransplant.Thissurelywouldbeimmenselybeneficialtomillionsofunfortunatepeoplewhoareexpectedtolosetheirlivesduetofailureofasingleorganormoreorgans.AGAINST◆Cloningwouldinterveneinthenormalcycleoflife.Therewouldbealargenumberofidentical(相同的)genes,whichminimizes(使减少到最低限度)thechancesofmutation(变异),and,inturn,evolution—thefundamentalreasonwhylivingthingsnaturallyadapttotheever-changingenvironment.◆Withgeneticengineeringandhumancloningitispossibletousetheseinthearsenal(兵工厂)ofethniccleansing(清洗)creatinginequalityinoursociety,whichwouldbethebeginningofmanywars.◆Anotherargumentagainstcloningisthatitwouldbeavailableonlytothewealthyandthereforewouldincreasesocialinequality.◆Ifthetechnologyweretobeso,scientistscouldtransferhumangenesintoanimals’andviceversa,whichwouldheightenthedangerofdevelopingzoonoses,diseasesthataretransmittedfromanimalstohumans.Itcouldcreateaworldwidecatastrophethatnoonewouldbeabletostop.◆Geneticengineeringwillcauseunseendisastersspiralingourworldintochaoticdarkness.◆Cloningdeadlovedoneswillnotbringthemback;theymaylooklikethem,buttheywillhaveadifferentpersonality.21．Ifasingleladywantsababybutshedoesnotacceptartificialinsemination,shemight________.A．thinkaboutcloningtechnologytocopyoneB．beagainsthavingachildfromcloningtechnologyC．producelivestockwithidealcharactersD．speaklittleofthecloningtechnology22．Thepurposeofthewriterwritingthepassageisto________.A．encourageustosupporttheideasofFORB．adviseustoaccepttheideasofAGAINSTC．tellustounderstandtheideasofFORandAGAINSTcorrectlyD．introduceustoremembertheideasofFORandAGAINST23．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardscloning?A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Critical. D．Doubtful.24．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howmanyadvantagesarethere? B．Howmanydisadvantagesarethere?C．Whichsideiswrong? D．Whichsideareyouwith?【答案】21．A22．C23．B24．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了支持和反对克隆技术的不同观点和意见。21．细节理解题。根据FOR项第一条中的“Cloningisimportantforwomenwhoaresingletohaveachild,usingcloninginsteadofartificialinsemination(授精).(克隆技术对单身女性生孩子很重要，用克隆技术代替人工授精)”可知，如果一位单身女性想生孩子但是不接受人工授精，她可以考虑用克隆技术克隆出一个孩子，故选A。22．推理判断题。根据全文大意，尤其是第一段“Thecloningtechnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsamongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffersawayforhumanbeingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人恶魔)whowilldestroyusallintheend.(克隆技术引起了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种克服自身基因缺陷的方法。其他人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，本文的写作目的就是让大家正确认识人们对克隆技术所持的赞同与反对的观点。故选C。23．推