Unit+4+Scientists+who+changed+the+world+Grammar+and+Usage高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册+

B3U4Grammar过去分词作定、状、补语V-edformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsaworld-changingdiscoverybewidelyconsideredtobe...besurprisedby/atcatchtheattentionofmassproductionbyaccidentfarfromthetruthFortunefavoursthepreparedmind1.改变世界的发现2.被广泛认为3.对...感到惊讶4.引起...的注意5.量产6.偶然地，意外地7.与事实相差甚远8.幸运总是垂青有准备的人UsefulexpressionsFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasattributives单个V-ed作定语，常放在被修饰词之前，V-ed短语作定语时要放在被修饰词之后。单个V-ed作定语a.及物动词的-ed形式作定语,一般兼有被动和完成的意义。b.不及物动词的-ed形式作定语,有主动和完成意义。①agrownwoman一位成年妇女②anescapedprisoner一名逃犯①abrokencup一个破杯子②awoundedsoldier一名伤员▲单个V-ed作定语，原则上是前置的。但有些单个的

V-ed，在习惯上或因为受到某些限制，则放在被修饰词之后。1.Hehasspentallthemoneydonated.2.Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindwritten.

3.Whoweretheso-calledguests

invited?

4.Shealwaysatethefoodleft.1.被修饰词前有all,every等表“全部”概念的词修饰时；2.被修饰词前有最高级；3.被修饰语过长或有其他定语；4.习惯上作后置定语的V-ed(如left“剩下的”)他花光了所有捐赠的钱。这将是这类小说中写得最好的。昨晚被邀请那些所谓的客人是谁呀?她总吃剩饭。a.thecolorTVset

producedlastyear

=thecolorTVset

thatwasproducedlastyear

去年生产的彩色电视机2.V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。b.Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.=Someofthem,whowerebornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.

他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。1.Therewasan________(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.2.It’swrongforthe___________(develop)countriestocontroltheworld.3.Ihavecollectedthemoney________(need).4.Thisistheproblem_________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.5.The_________(surprise)lookonhisfacesuggestedthathehadnotexpectedso.

excited

developed

needed

discussed

surprisedLet’spracticeFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasadverbialsTheteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbysomestudents.2.

Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.1.

Askedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.3.

Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.4.

Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn'tfeelafraidatall.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.时间原因条件让步伴随

V-ed在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、让步状语，相当于一个状语从句；Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hekeptsilent.Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.

V-ed在句中可充当伴随或方式状语，相当于一个并列句；V-ed充当状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。Changethesentencesintocompleteones.1.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.2.Unlessinvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.3.Oncecaughtsmokinginthekitchen,thecookwillbefired.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.UnlessIaminvited,Iwon'tattendhiswedding.Oncethecookiscaughtsmokinginthekitchen,hewillbefired.V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if等连词)+V-ed。

______fromthetopofthebuilding,theschoollooksbeautiful.______fromthetopofthebuilding,wefoundtheschoolbeautiful.SeenSeeing从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。我们从楼顶往下看，发现学校很美。

如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系，动作正在发生用V-ing形式。

如果句子的主语和分词是被动关系，动作已经完成用V-ed形式。1.

__________(compare)ShanghaiwithXi'an,wefoundShanghaiislarger.2._________(compare)withXi'an,Shanghaiislarger.3.______(lose)himselfinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.4.____(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.ComparingLosingLostComparedLet’spracticeFocuson基本用法

V–ed

formsasobjectcomplements•V-ed作宾语补足语表示

被动或完成的意义。•V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。1.表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。①Whenwegottoschool,wesaw

thedoor

locked.②Hefound

hishouse

brokenintowhenhegotbackhome.V-ed作宾语补足语常用于以下几种情况：当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。回到家他发现家被盗。①You'dbetterkeep

theguests

seated.②We'rehavingourcar

repaired.③I'm

trying

toget

thisarticle

finishedforThursday.

④Shehadto

shout

tomakeherself

heardabovethe

sound

ofthe

music.2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep等。3.表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。如：want,expect,wouldlike,wish,order等。①Theteacherwouldn'tlike

theproblem

discussedatthemoment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。②Iwant

thesuit

madetohisownmeasure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。4.在with的复合结构中也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。①Themurdererwasbroughtin,with

hishandstiedbehindhisback.②

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.

③

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.

凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因)FinishB1onP49andtellthefunctionofthev-edforms.1.Thehighlypraisedscientistwonanaward.2.Theexperimentmentionedinyourarticleisinteresting.3.Treatedwiththenewmedicine,thepatientssoonrecovered.定语定语状语BApplyingtherules4.Thescientistfoundtheequipmentinthelaboratorydestroyed.5.Oncefinished,thisreportwillbeveryusefulforfutureresearch.补语状语BApplyingtherulesFinishB1onP49andtellthefunctionofthev-edforms.B2

HenryisreadinganarticleaboutFranklin'skiteexperiment.Completethearticlebelowwiththecorrectverb-edformsorverb-ingforms.BenjaminFranklinwasafamousscientist,writer,printer,inventorandpolitician.Asascientist,hewaswellknownforhiskiteexperiment.Thestorygoeslikethis:Franklinhadfoundlightning(1)

___________(interest)foryears,believingitwasactuallyelectricity.Hedesignedanexperimenttoprovehistheory.Heworkedoutthatbyflyingakiteduringathunderstorm,electricitycouldgothroughthewetkitelinedowntotheearth.(2)

_________(know)itwastoodangeroustoholdthewetline,Franklinheldasilkribbon(3)

_____(tie)totheendofit.Hemadesurethesilkribbonstayeddrysothattheelectricitywouldnotgothroughhisbody.P49B2interestingknowingtiedConductedacceptedarguingThenheattachedametalkeywheretheribbonandkitelinejoined.Whenathunderstormapproached,thelightningwouldchargethekey.(4)

__________(conduct)onastormydayin1752,hisexperimentprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.Franklinhadhistheory(5)

_________(accept)bymanypeople.However,somepeoplequestionedwhetherhehadactuallydonetheexperiment,(6)

________(argue)thatifhehadreallydoneit,hewouldhavereceivedadeadlyelectricshock.Whateverthetruth,Franklindidmakecontributionstothestudiesofelectricity.topasselectricitythroughsth.sothatitisstoredthere给……充电Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Watchingthe__________(finishing/finished)painting,Alicecouldn'thelpsmiling.2.Mostoftheartists__________(inviting/invited)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3.DoyoustillremembertheOlympicGames

__________

(held/holding)inBeijingin2008?4.The__________(surprising/surprised)lookonherfacesuggestedthatshehadn'tknownthenewsbefore.5.Therearemany________(fallen/falling)leavesonthestreet.finishedinvitedheldsurprisedfallen6.__________(frighten)bythenoiseoutside,Suedarednotsleepinherbedroom.7.__________(compare)withoursmallflat,Bill'shouseseemedlikeapalace.8.______(face)withsuchadifficulttask,wemustredoubleourefforts.9.________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.10.Theladyreturnedhome,________(follow)bythefamousdetectiveHolmes.FrightenedComparedFacedfollowedOrdered11.Mycomputerbrokedownthismorning,andIwillgetit________(repair)assoonaspossible.12.Wesawthehouse_______(burn)tothegroundwhenwegotthere.13.Whenheenteredtheroom,hefoundthewindow_______(break).14.Shewon'thaveherlongandbeautifulhair_____(cut)short.15.Thespeakerraisedhervoicebutstillcouldn'tmakeherself_______(hear).repairedburnedbrokencutheard1.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.Ⅰ.实战高考。fried2.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)Theyrepresenttheearth_______(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用V-ed作定语，故将frying改为fried。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comebackto之