任务精读：隧道的发展历史（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术隧道的发展历史TunnelConstructionTechnologyDevelopmentHistoryofTunnels隧道的生产和发展1隧道工程建设简史2隧道的发展历史目录课程小结4隧道的发展及难题3TableofContentsDevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsEmergenceandDevelopmentofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstructionDevelopmentandChallengesofTunnelsSummary隧道的生产和发展EmergenceandDevelopmentofTunnels01.穴居时代Inthecave-dwellingage利用隧道来防御自然威胁Peopleusetunnelstodefendagainstnaturalthreats远古时代Inancienttimes为生活和军事防御目的而利用隧道Peopleusetunnelsforlivingandmilitarydefensepurposes隧道的发展历史隧道的生产和发展DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsEmergenceandDevelopmentofTunnels.中世纪时代MedievalTimes随着中世纪时代的欧洲文明低潮期的到来，该时期建设技术发展缓慢,隧道工程技术没有得到发展。隧道的发展历史隧道的生产和发展DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsEmergenceandDevelopmentofTunnelsAsEuropeancivilizationfellinlowtideintheMedieval,constructiontechnologydevelopedslowly,andtunneltechnologymadenoprogress.但由于社会对地下矿产资源(铜、铁等)的需求，人们逐渐开始进行矿石开采的工作。However,duetothesocialdemandforundergroundminerals(copper,iron,etc.),peoplestartedoremining..工业革命IndustrialRevolution炸药的发明和应用，加速了隧道技术的发展;泰晤士河隧道ThamesTunnel圣哥达公路隧道GotthardRoadTunnel矿物开采Mineralexploitation灌溉Irrigatio运河Canal辛普朗隧道SimplonTunnelHolland

隧道HollandTunnel公路铁路隧道的修建Constructionofhighwayandrailwaytunnels地下铁道、水道Subwayandundergroundwaterway隧道的发展历史隧道的生产和发展DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsEmergenceandDevelopmentofTunnelsTheinventionandapplicationofexplosivesacceleratedthedevelopmentoftunnelingtechnology,使其拓展出了更多的应用途径。generatingnumerousapplications.工业革命时期修建的著名隧道FamoustunnelsbuiltduringtheIndustrialRevolution隧道工程建设简史BriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstruction02.瑞士、意大利分别于1906年和1921年建成的米兰伯尔尼穿越阿尔卑斯山的辛普伦Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号山岭隧道。辛普朗隧道全长19.8公里，山口海拔2009米，隧道开凿在海拔700米处。到目前为止，这条穿越了阿尔卑斯山脉的隧道仍然是世界上最长的山岭铁路隧道。辛普伦隧道SimplonTunnel辛普伦Ⅰ号：19.8kmSimplonI：19.8km辛普伦Ⅱ号：19.82kmSimplonII：19.82km隧道的发展历史隧道工程建设简史DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstructionSimplonIandIImountaintunnelsacrosstheAlpsfromMilan(Italy)toBern(Switzerland),completedin1906and1921.SimplonTunnelis19.8kmlong,builtat700ma.s.l.andwiththemountainpassata.s.l.2009m.Sofar,thetunnelacrosstheAlpsremainstheworld'slongestmountainrailwaytunnel..青函海底隧道SeikanSubseaTunnel青函海底隧道是位于日本津轻海峡的海底隧道。隧道横越津轻海峡，全长54公里，海底部分23公里。青函海底隧道1964年动工，1987年建成，前后用了23年时间。SeikanTunnelisasubseatunnelacrosstheTsugaruStraitofJapan.The54kmlongtunnelcrossestheTsugaruStrait,witha23kmlongsubseapart.Ittakes23yearstobuildSeikanTunnelfrom1964to1987.隧道的发展历史隧道工程建设简史DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstruction青函隧道由3条隧道组成。主隧道全长53.9公里，其中海底部分23.3公里，陆上部分本州一侧为13.55公里，北海道一侧为17公里。主坑道宽11.9米，高9米，断面80平方米。SeikanTunnelconsistsof3tunnels.Themaintunnelis53.9kmlong,includingthe23.3kmsubseapart,13.55kmlandpartontheHonshuside,and17kmontheHokkaidoside.Themaingalleryis11.9mwideand9mhigh,withasectionof80m2..英法海底隧道ChannelTunnel英法海底隧道，又称英吉利海峡隧道、欧洲隧道，1994年5月6日开通。是一条英国通往法国的铁路隧道，位于英国多多佛港与法国加加来港之间。ChannelTunnel,alsoknownasChunnelorEuropeanTunnel,wasopenedtotrafficonMay6,1994,passingarailwaythatconnectsPortDodverofEnglandandPortCalaisofFrance.隧道的发展历史隧道工程建设简史DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstruction英吉利海峡隧道由三条长51km的平行隧洞组成，总长度153km，其中海底段的隧洞长度h为3×38km，是世界第二长的海底隧道及海底段世界最长的铁路隧道。ChannelTunnelconsistsofthree51km(153kmintotal)longparalleltunnels,including3×38kmsubseasections,rankingtheglobalsecond-longestsubseatunnelandtherailwaytunnelwiththelongestsubseasection..刘铭传隧道LiuMing-chuanTunnel刘铭传隧道位于基隆市，又称为狮球岭隧道，全长约235公尺，为基隆市市定古迹。LiuMing-chuanTunnelliesinKeelung,alsoknownasShiqiulingTunnel,about235mlongandahistoricalsiteofthecity.隧道的发展历史隧道工程建设简史DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstruction二十世纪初由于狮球岭隧道南囗外观以红砖砌成，在隧道竣工完成时，由巡抚刘铭传题额“旷宇天开”，左右对联曰：“十五年生面独开羽毅飙轮，从此康庄通海屿；三百丈岩腰新阔天梯石栈，居然人力胜神工”，说明了当年以人力开凿的壮举，也为广大的历史留下见证。Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,asthesouthportalofShiqiulingTunnelwasbuiltwithredbricks,uponcompletion,thetunnelwasinscribedbyLiuMingchuan,theGrandCoordinator,with"TunnelingbyExploitationofNatureintheWideOpenField",withtheleftandrightcouplets:"The15-yeardevelopmentoftransportforanewhorizonwithroadsleadingtotheisland;andtunnelingthroughthe300mmountainside,alongwiththedangeroushightrackandplankroad,reflectsthatmancanconquernature",demonstratingthefeatofmanualexcavationinthosedaysandalsoawitnessofthevasthistory..在20世纪后半叶Inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury铁路隧道Railwaytunnels公路隧道Highwaytunnels输水隧道Watertunnel城市地铁Urbansubways工程设计Engineeringdesign施工技术Constructiontechnology工程质量Projectquality施工管理Constructionmanagement施工速度Constructionspeed成本控制Costcontrol隧道的发展历史隧道工程建设简史DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstruction这时的隧道工程已根据其自身的施工特点及地理环境细分为各种类型的工程。Then,tunnelprojectswerebrokendownintovariousworksasperconstructioncharacteristicsandgeographicalenvironment.其对隧道工程的质量有了新要求，施工标准也有了新的规范，隧道施工进入了一个科学化，效率化的新阶梯。Itposednewrequirementsfortunnelqualityandnewspecificationsforconstructionandusheredtunnelconstructionintoaneweraofscientificityandefficiency..隧道名称TunnelName隧道长度/mTunnelLength/m营运条件OperatingConditions大溪岭隧道DaxilingTunnel4100双向、双车道Two-waytwo-lane二郎山隧道ErlangshanTunnel4160单向、双车道One-waytwo-lane华蓥山隧道HuayingshanTunnel4770单向、双车道One-waytwo-lane鹧鸪山隧道ZhegushanTunnel4400单向、双车道One-waytwo-lane木鱼槽隧道MuyucaoTunnel3600双向、双车道Two-waytwo-lane八达岭隧道BadalingTunnel3455双向、双车道Two-waytwo-lane真武山隧道(重庆)ZhenwushanTunnel(Chongqing)3100单向、双车道出One-way,two-laneexit中梁山隧道(重庆)ZhongliangshanTunnel(Chongqing)3165单向、双车道出One-way,two-laneexit牛郎河隧道NiulangRiverTunnel3920单向、双车道出One-way,two-laneexit猫狸岭隧道MaolilingTunnel3600单向、双车道出One-way,two-laneexit秦岭终南山隧道ZhongnanshanTunnel(QinlingMountains)18100双洞、单向、双车道Two-tube,one-way,two-lane无论是铁路隧道还是公路隧道，在数量和规模上我国都取得巨大的发展。Forbothrailwayandhighwaytunnels,wehavemadegreatprogressinquantityandscale.隧道的发展历史隧道工程建设简史DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsBriefHistoryofTunnelEngineeringConstruction目前我国拥有的铁路隧道总长已超过4000km，居世界第一位。Chinaownsover4,000kmofrailwaytunnels,rankingfirstworldwide.隧道工程的发展及需要解决的难题DevelopmentofTunnelEngineeringandRemainingDifficulties03交通设施、水电供应越来越成为制约一个地区经济发展的瓶颈所在。Transportfacilitiesandwater/electricitysupplyarebecomingthebottleneckrestrictingtheeconomicdevelopmentofaregion.缓解矛盾Easeofcontradictions隧道的发展历史隧道工程的发展及需要解决的难题DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsDevelopmentofTunnelEngineeringandRemainingDifficulties大力发展各种用途的地下工程，能够有效地缓解经济发展带来的国土资源紧张的矛盾。Theeffortindevelopingdiversifiedundergroundprojectscaneffectivelyrelievethecontradictionofterritorialresourceshortagewitheconomicdevelopment.我国地大物博，幅员辽阔，隧道工程的发展进步对于解决我国的国内矛盾起到了至关重要的作用，而隧道工程的发展也成为了我国的客观需要，我们要在其研究方向中不断细化，需求更为完善的方法以及更为先进的技术。Chinahasavastterritoryandrichresources.ThedevelopmentoftunnelengineeringiscrucialforChinatosolvedomesticcontradictions,andbecomeanobjectiveneedinChina.Wewillkeeprefiningtheresearchdirection,pursuingimprovedmethodsandadvancedtechnologies.所以，充分利用城市地下资源建设各类地下工程是城市经济高速发展的客观需要。Therefore,buildingundergroundprojectswithurbanundergroundresourcesisanobjectiveneedfortheurbaneconomicboom.客观需要Objectiveneed隧道的发展历史隧道工程的发展及需要解决的难题DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsDevelopmentofTunnelEngineeringandRemainingDifficulties我国地大物博，幅员辽阔，隧道工程的发展进步对于解决我国的国内矛盾起到了至关重要的作用，而隧道工程的发展也成为了我国的客观需要，我们要在其研究方向中不断细化，需求更为完善的方法以及更为先进的技术。Chinahasavastterritoryandrichresources.ThedevelopmentoftunnelengineeringiscrucialforChinatosolvedomesticcontradictions,andbecomeanobjectiveneedinChina.Wewillkeeprefiningtheresearchdirection,pursuingimprovedmethodsandadvancedtechnologies.未来，对施工中隧道地质勘探和预报技术，围岩动态量测技术及预报分析技术，初期支护技术及其耐久性等的研究需要更进一步。Inthefuture,theresearchontunnelgeologicalexplorationandforecasting,surroundingrockdynamicmeasurementandforecastinganalysis,primarysupport,anddurabilitystudyrequiresfurtherprogress.研究方向Researchdirection隧道的发展历史隧道工程的发展及需要解决的难题DevelopmentHistoryofTunnelsDevelopmentofTunnelEngineeringandRemainingDifficulties我国地大物博，幅员辽阔，隧道工程的发展进步对于解决我国的国内矛盾起到了至关重要的作用，而隧道工程的发展也成为了我国的客观需要，我们要在其研究方向中不断细化，需求更为完善的方法以及更为先进的技术。Chinahasavastterritoryandrichresources.ThedevelopmentoftunnelengineeringiscrucialforChinatosolvedomesticcontradictions,andbecomeanobjectiveneedinChina.Wewillkeeprefiningtheresearchdirection,pursuingimprovedmethodsandadvancedtechnologies.隧