Unit+4+Scientists+Who+Changed+the+World+Extended+reading高中译林版（2020）必修第三册

B3U4

ExtendedreadingWatch＆

Answer/video/BV1yV411o7rj/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.clickLead-inScienceisthebeliefintheignoranceofexperts.RichardFeynman理查德·费曼RichardFeynman,infullRichardPhillipsFeynman,(1918—1988),Americantheoreticalphysicistwhowaswidelyregardedasthemostbrilliant,influential,andiconoclastic(打破旧习的)figureinhisfieldinthepost-WorldWarIIera.ManhattanProjectFeynmandiagramsFeynmanTechniqueNobelPrizewinnerALECTURE’sstructurePrologue开场白BodySummary——raiseaquestion——answeraquestion——givesomeadviceGlobalreadingPrologue-Para1&2Body-Para3-6Summary-Para7Introductiontothetopic：Whatisthevalueofscience?Threevaluesofscience：ThevalueofcreationTheintellectualenjoymentThefreedomtodoubtFeynman’sadvice：ThedutyofscientistsWhenIwasyoung,

Ithoughtsciencewas

_________.Duringthewar,Ifoundsciencewasobviously________.Istheresome

________

involvedinscience?usefulseriousevilProgressisthefruitof__________ofthoughtDoubtis_________anddiscussedfreedomwelcomedReadparas1-3andanswer:1.WhydidFeynmanaskthequestion

“

Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience”?2.AccordingtoFeynman,whoshouldbeblamedifthepowerofscienceisusedtodosomethingbad?Andwhy?

Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpower

without

instructionsonhowtoapplyit.Ifthescienceisusedtodosomethingbad,itisnotthescience,butthemanmisusingitthatshouldbeblamed.Thedestructionofpeopleandtheriskyfutureoftheworldwerecausedbytheatomicbombshehadworkedon.CloseReadingCloseReadingReadpara4andanswer:AccordingtoFeynman,wheredoestheintellectualenjoymentcomefrom?

Intellectualenjoymentcomesfromthe

processofexploringanddiscoveringmysteries

oneafteranother.Readparas5-7andanswer:1.Whenascientistdoesn'tknowtheanswertoaproblem,whatchangeswouldhismindexperience?2.Howwasourfreedomtodoubtborn?3.Whatrhetoricaldeviceisusedinthelastparagraph?Whateffectdoesithave?

CloseReadingReadparas5-7andanswer:1.Whenascientistdoesn'tknowtheanswertoaproblem,whatchangeswouldhismindexperience?NotknowingtheanswertoaproblemHavinganideatotheresultBeingsureofthewill-beresultexperiencingignorancefeeling

uncertainbeingstillinsomedoubtProblem：Attitude：CloseReadingReadparas5-7andanswer:2.Howwasourfreedomtodoubtborn?3.Whatrhetoricaldeviceisusedinthelastparagraph?Whateffectdoesithave?

Freedomtodoubtwasborn

out

of

adeepandstrongstruggle

against

authorityintheearlydaysofscience.Theparallelstructureisappliedwiththeuseof3to-infinitives.Ithasapowerfuleffecttomakethereaderbeawareoftheimportanceoffreedomtodoubt.CloseReadingFeynmanbelievesthatofallscience’smanyvalues,thegreatestmustbethefreedomtodoubt.Howdoyouunderstandthis?

Giveexamplestosupportyouropinion.Request:Afterdiscussion,makeashortpresentationinfrontoftheclass.Tips:Anyexampleofascientistagainsttheauthorityforthetruth?Anyquotesrelatetotheimportanceofdoubting?Soon…GroupDiscussion

Thisbeliefexpressesasimilarmeaningtothisunit'sopeningquote"Thescientistismotivatedprimarilybycuriosityandadesirefortruth."Onlywhenscientistsraisedoubtscantheyopenuptheopportunitytoexploretheunknown,whichiswhatleadstoscientificachievements.Feynmanfurtheremphasizesthisvaluewhenhesays,

"Permitustoquestion-todoubt-tonotbesure."Hepointsoutthatscientistsmustalwaysbe

allowedtoquestionanddoubtthings,becauseheknowsitisthekeytohowscienceisabletoprogress.Languagepoints1使…有风险/冒险L42换句话说L63献身于/致力于某事L64某人对某物熟悉L105使某人能做某事L116归功于；使值得赞扬L127提供某物给某人L178激励某人做某事L209使某人失望L21put…atriskputanotherwaysthbefamiliartosb

enablesbtodosthtothecreditofImportantwords&phrasesdevoteoneselftosthprovidesbwithsthinspiresbtodosthletsbdown10进行一次次新的探索L2111幸亏；由于；因为L2312引导某人做某事L2313认为…是理所当然的L3014挑战权威L3215承认我们的无知L3416允许我们去质疑L35turnovereachnewstonethanksto(sb/sth)takeitforgranted(that…)

astruggleagainstauthorityleadsbtodosthrecognizeourignorancepermitustoquestionImportantwords&phrases1.itrepresentedthedestructionofpeopleanditputourfutureatrisk.riskv.&n.冒生死之险

v.____________________________冒险做...

v.____________________________

n.____________________________riskone’slife/livesriskdoingrun/taketheriskofsth/doing常见短语搭配：处境危险，在危险中

atrisk自担风险，对发生的事情负责

atone’sownrisk冒...的危险

attheriskof它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。Haveatry:1.Theyrisk_________(lose)everything.2.Themedicalstaff________theriskoflosingtheirownlivesinthebatteleagainstCOVID-19lastyear.3.Hesavedmylife____________losinghisown.4.Personsswimmingbeyondthispointdoso_______________(冒着自身风险).5.Thatwouldmeanputtingotherchildren______(处境危险)?attheriskoflosingattheirownriskatriskran/took2.Ihadtoaskmyself,“Istheresomeevilinvolvedinscience?”我不得不问自己：“科学里是不是有罪恶？”②

Thisprojectinvolvesalotofcomplextechnicalproblems.involvevt.①

Howmanypeoplewereinvolvedinthestaffcutback?这次裁员涉及多少人？这个方案牵涉到许多复杂的技术问题。

ifasituation,aneventoranactivityinvolvessb.,theytakepartinitorareaffectedbyit牵涉；牵连；影响involvedadj.参与的，有关联的

be/become/getinvolvedin参与，卷入，有关联Weneedtoexamineallthecosts__________

theprojectfirst.我们首先应该仔细考虑与这一项目有关的所有费用。

We'llmakeourdecisionandcontact__________________.我们将作出决定，再与有关人员联系。

SomepeopletriedtostopthefightbutIdidn'twantto

____________.

有人设法阻止打斗，但我不想牵涉进去。

involvedinthepeopleinvolvedgetinvolved3.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecreditofscience…当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学…②

Wedon'tmindwhogetsthecreditaslongaswedon'tgettheblame.creditn.①

Creditwillbegivenintheexamforgoodspellingandgrammar.考试中拼写和语法出色者将受到表扬。谁受表扬都无所谓，只要我们不挨批评。praiseorapprovalbecauseyouareresponsibleforsth.goodthathashappened

赞扬；称赞；认可creditcardTheyareworkinghardforthecreditofChina.Youmustpasstheexaminationtogetcreditforthecourse.Igivethemfullcreditfortheirwork.Thebankrefusedfurthercredit

tothecompany.Nocreditisgivenatthisshop.信用卡荣誉

学分

赞扬

贷款赊欠/赊账

[归纳拓展]Atthetime,weusedtocrediteverythingtooneperson.Icancreditallthatyouaretellingme.Iwanttocreditthistomyaccount.creditv.归功于

相信

记在账上

[归纳拓展]4.—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.……但它本身并不附带使用说明。②

Thisnewtechnologywasappliedtofaming.applyvt.①

Weshouldtrytolearneconomictheoryandapplyit.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。这项新技术已经应用于农业。tousesth.ormakesth.workinaparticularsituation

使用；应用Iamcontinuingtoapplyforjobs.我在继续申请工作。Applythecreamsparinglytoyourfaceandneck.把乳霜薄薄地涂抹在脸和脖子上。Theconventiondoesnotapplytous.该协定对我们不适用。Hehasappliedhimselftothistaskrecently.最近他致力于这项任务。[归纳拓展]5.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignoranceanddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofverygreatimportance.科学家经常会经历无知，疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。ignorancen.

无知；愚昧

Ibegantofeelembarrassedby________________________

worldhistory.我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。She_______________________

herhusband'sactivities.关于丈夫的活动，她一直蒙在鼓里。Childrenoftenbehavebadly_______________________.儿童往往出于无知而不守规矩。mycompleteignoranceofwaskeptinignoranceofoutof/throughignoranceignorev.忽视；对…不予理会Imadeasuggestionbuttheychosetoignoreit.我提了个建议，但他们不予理会。Shesaidherhusbandignoredher.她说她丈夫对她置之不理。ignorantadj.(对某事物)不了解的;无知的;愚昧的;无学识的He'signorantaboutmoderntechnology.他对现代科技一无所知。

Iwasignorantofeventsgoingonelsewhere.我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。[归纳拓展]6.Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类一无所知地活着是完全有可能的。②

Itakeitforgrantedthattheywouldsupportthisidea.takeitforgranted(that…)

①

HejusttookitforgrantedthatIwouldfollowhisadvice.他还想当然地认为我会听从他的建议。我认为他们理所当然地会赞成这个想法。认为……是理所当然的7.Permitustoquestion--todoubt--tobeunsure.请允许我们质疑，怀疑，不确定。permitv.允许；准许；使有可能Radiosarenotpermittedinthelibrary.图书馆内不许使用收音机。Visitors_______________________photographs.参观者请勿拍照。Wehopetovisitthecathedral,______________.如果时间允许，我们希望能参观一下主教座堂。arenotpermittedtotakeiftimepermitspermitn.

许可证，特许证（尤指限期的）Hehastoapplyforapermit.他必须申请一个许可证。permissionn.准许；许可；批准

He__________________toleavetheroom.他请求离开房间的许可。Theycannotleavethecountry_________________.没有许可他们不得离开这个国家。[归纳拓展]askedpermissionwithoutpermission形式主语真正的主语：三个并列的动词不定式短语V-ing形式作原因状语vt.声明，宣称；宣布①Hedeclaredthathewouldnevergobackonhiswords.②Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergency.他宣称他绝不食言。政府已经宣布进入紧急状态。作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕怀疑，而要欢迎怀疑、讨论怀疑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。8.Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreat

progressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,to

declarethevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubt

isnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;

andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcoming

generations.Now,wescientiststakeitforgranted_______itisperfectly

possibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwas

bornoutofadeepandstrongstruggle______authorityin

theearlydaysofscience.Inorderto