中考英语真题分类训练-题型三一选择型阅读分类训练20做法建议类主题3人与社会·个人信息安全

主题3人与社会·个人信息安全A(2022宁波)Recently,manypeoplethinkit'sriskytousecredit(信用)cardnumbersonline.However,fromtimetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.Wethinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!Anewkindofattack(攻击)isbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.Thisnewkindofattackiscalled"phishing".Phishingsoundsthesameastheword"fishing",anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait(诱饵)intheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalseemailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing(透露)creditcardnumbers,accountusernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate(模仿)well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,andcreditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeoplebelieveandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.It'sreallyabigproblem!Actually,tricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Nowmorethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccess(进入权)totheInternet,and75%ofthoseInternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphisherssendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthepeople,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgetamilliondollarsinheraccountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydidasthemansaidatonce.The"thief"usedAmy'sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearntorecognizetheemailthathasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemailwithurgent(紧急的)requestsforpersonalinformation.Phisherstypicallywriteupsettingorexciting,butfalsestatementsintheiremailssothatpeoplewillreplyrightaway.Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobetrue,itis.1Phishingiscomparedtoaccordingtothepassage.

A.makingmoney B.playinggamesC.catchingfish D.writingemails2WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?A.Givingexamples. B.Listingnumbers.C.Raisingquestions. D.Usingsayings.3Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword"transferred"inPara.4?A.① B.② C.③ D.④4Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto.

A.helptocatchphishersB.replytourgentemailsC.paybycreditcardD.protectourselvesonlineB(2022金华)①Haveyouevershownyourphotosonyourfavoritesocialmedia(媒体)?Orhaveyouexpressedyourfeelingsandemotionsonyouronlinepage?Ifyes,doyouknowwhatyouhavepostedonthesocialmediacancauseproblemsyoucouldnotexpect?②Cathy,whowasgoingtobefifteen,postedonlineaninvitationtoherbirthdaypartywithheraddressinit.Andguesswhat!500peoplecametotheparty,andsomeevenbrokethewindowsandplants,makingatotalmessofthehouse.Thegirl'sbirthdaypartyturnedintoanightmare(噩梦).③Manyteenagers(青少年)thinktheyknoweverythingaboutsocialmedia,andthatsuchathingcouldneverhappentothem.Studiesshowthateachyearmorethanthreemillionyoungpeopleintheworldgetintotroublebecauseoftheironlineactivities.④Sodoremembertheseifyoureallywanttosharesomethingonline.⑤Sharewithcare!Noteveryonewilllikewhatyouwriteonline.Thinkbeforeyoupostanything.Youneverknowwhoseesyourtext,picturesorvideos.Beforeclicking"post",youshouldaskyourself,"HowwillIfeelifmyfamilyorteachersseethis?"and"Howmightthispostbebadformeinfiveortenyearsfromnow?"

⑥Bepolitewhenyouwrite!Imaginesomeoneisunfriendlyinreallife.Thesameistrueofonlinecommunication.Noonelikesitwhenyou"shout"inyourmessages.Ifyoufeelangryorfrustratedwhileyou'rewritingamessage,waitabit.Readitagainlaterandthensendit.

⑦Protectandrespect!Nevershareyourpasswordswithanyone.It'snotwisetopostyourhomeoremailaddressonline.Don'tsaybadthingsaboutpeople.Ifyougetmessageslikethatorseethemonline,talktoyourparentsoryourteachers.

⑧I'dsaynoneofthesethingspromises100%onlinesafety,buteachwillhelpyoutobesafer.1Thewriterstartstointroducethetopicby.A.tellingstories B.givingexamplesC.askingquestions D.sharingexperiences2ThepartyturnedintoanightmarebecauseCathy.A.madeatotalmessofthehouseB.sharedthephotosofherhouseonlineC.invitedhundredsofpeopletoherpartyD.postedaninvitationwithheraddressonline3Thewriterusesthemark"!"intheunderlinedsentencesofParagraphs5~7to.

A.drawthereaders'attentionB.giveordersthatreadersshouldfollowC.expressthestrongfeelingsofworryD.givethedecisionsthathavebeenmade4Whatdoesthewritermeanbysayingthelastsentence?A.Youshouldspendmuchlesstimeonline.B.It'snecessarytothinkbeforeyouactonline.C.Youhavetomakeapromisebeforeyougoonline.D.Ifyouwanttobesaferonline,doasthewritersuggests.主题3人与社会·个人信息安全A【短文大意】本文解释了网络钓鱼,并告诉大家上网时要保护好自己。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知,作者把网络钓鱼和钓鱼相比较,故答案为C。2.B【解析】推理判断题。第三段多处使用数字,由此可知B项符合题意。3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的"creditcards",画线词后的"money"及释义③中的"money"可推知,答案为C。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推知,作者除了解释什么是网络钓鱼之外,还告诉我们如何在网上保护自己,故选D。B【短文大意】本文以Cathy生日聚会的事件