初高中英语衔接语法：句子成分与结构

Grammarandusage

---sentenceelementsandsentencestructures句子成分与结构Sentenceelements句子成分sentenceelements:主语subject谓语verb宾语object表语predicative补语complement状语adverbial定语attributiveSentencepatterns句子结构sentencepatterns:SV主谓SVP主系表SVO主谓宾SVOO主谓+间宾+直宾SVOC主谓宾补SVA主谓状SVOA主谓宾状subject主语放在谓语（verb）前,动作的发出者。做主语的是名词性质的词。Aperson,animal,place,thing,orconcept

thatdoesanaction.下列句子的主语对吗？Listentomusicmakesmerelaxed.Thedogiscute.Ilikemusic.Potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedeveloped.verb谓语跟在主语后,表明主语所做的动作或状态。做谓语的是动词性质的词。包括实义动词（speak,run,go...）和系动词(be,become,feel,look,seem...)。*一个单句中如果没有and等连接词只能出现一个谓语！！！！Expresseswhattheperson,animal,place,thing,orconceptdoes.下列句子的谓语对吗？Maryislistentomusic.Hereadsmanybooks.Hewritessingssong.实义动词概念：实实在在有意思的动词。stop,acquire,balance...分类：transitiveverb及物动词（带宾语）；意义才完整。intransitiveverb不及物动词（不需带宾语），意思也完整。Birdscanfly.Acaraccidenthappened.Ilikeit.Iboughtanewcar.SV主谓结构Thecarstopped.Johnlaughed.Iforgot.Iknow.object宾语跟在谓语（实义动词）后,表示动作的承受者。宾语只能是名词性质的词。Aperson,animal,place,thing,orconceptthatreceivestheaction.！！！找出宾语Heaskedaquestion.Marylikesmusicalot.Hereadsmanybooks.JimmyhateslearningEnglish.SVO主谓宾结构Ioftenskipbreakfast.Amylikesicecream.MybrotherwenttoAustralia.Ineedanotebook.object宾语有的谓语动词后面可以接两个宾语，人——间接宾语（indirectobject），物——直接宾语(directspeech)。找出直接宾语和间接宾语MaxpitchedAlicethebaseball.Robgavemeaboxofchocolates.HesentBobapostcard.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.SVOO主谓双宾结构Mikegavemeagift.Icookedhimdinner.Myparentsboughtmeanewphone.Canyousendmethepicture?系动词概念：用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语(名词，形容词性质词)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词：be,become,feel,seem,等。SVP主系表结构Theleavesturnedyellow.Sheisagreatgirl.Hebecameournewboss.Youseemedhappy.Thistaskischallenging.complement补语概念：跟在宾语后面，用来补充说明其特征和情况。通常为名词和形容词性质词。找出补语Shemademeabetterman.YoucancallmeJack.Playingbasketballmakesmehealthy.SVOC主谓宾补结构WefindEnglishinteresting.Anniepaintedherbedroompink.HisparentsnamedhimBob.AmericanswillprobablyelectDonaldTrumppresident.adveribal状语概念：用来修饰谓语或者整个句子，表明程度或者动作的时间地点方式。通常为副词性质的词。找出状语HespeaksEnglishfluently.Wewillgoinafewminutes.Heopenedthedoorquietly.Maryshoutedangrily.SVA主谓状SVOA主谓宾状结构WorkingouttherulesRule1:Thesubjectandthe(1)_________________arenecessarypartsofasentence.Rule2:Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)(2)_________________.Rule3:Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusually