2018-2017届中考英语二轮复习《第10讲任务型阅读专题》讲义

任务型阅读;;【知识点睛】;题材：社会生活、人物传记、科普、广告、咨询等,,,,题型：根据短文内容，设置判断、选择、填空、填表格、完成句子、回答问题、找近义句、找主题句、概括主题、提出问题、英译汉、在文中的横线上，填写一个恰当的单词等题型。（河南的考察形式：选择句子填入文中空缺处使短文完整。）从题型看，任务型阅读不仅能考查学生的阅读理解能力，还能考查学生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。技巧：1.____________，____________答题前,认真阅读文章,掌握文章提供的信息内容,同时要明确文章的中心思想，为答题做好准备。2.____________，____________通读全文后，再浏览问题，从原文中找出能回答问题的关键信息。关键：1.____________，____________除了注意书写规范以外,还要确保表达的准确性,要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。2.____________，____________完成任务后要把答案带入原文，检查所写的答案是否符合要求，发现问题及时解决。河南任务型阅读命题形式：河南任务型阅读（D篇阅读理解）的文体以说明文为主，话题主要为咨询建议和学生学习，偶尔涉及人际交往。词数为180-330，多为3-7段，生词为0-3个，且均给出汉语意思。设题形式为还原句子型，且在文中均匀设空，首句和尾句的设空不超过1个。所给选项以单句为主，少量涉及复合句，如状语从句和定语从句、宾语从句，且词数一般不超过15个。河南任务型阅读做题步骤：第一步：快速阅读文章，把握文段语脉，寻找主题句，理出文章中心大意。第二步：详读段落，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。第三步：分析语段的内部逻辑层次，定位选项；分析备选项，对应上下文语境，确定选项。第四步：检查核对。将所选答案带入文中，再次通读全文。

【精讲精练】ATherearesomanyexpressionsinAmericanEnglishthatsoundpleasant(令人愉快的)butarenot.1_________Whensomeonesaystheyhaveto“facethemusic”,itdoesnotmeantheyaregoingtoaconcert.“Facingthemusic”meanstoacceptanddealwiththepunishmentofanaction.2_________Forexample,“Ican’tfaceanothernightofcamping!It’scoldandrainy”.Or“Inlife,youmustfaceyourfears”.Faceusedinthiswayisverycommon.Butnow,let’sgobacktofacingthemusic.Imagineafriendasksyoutotakecareofherbeautifulredsportscar.Shegivesyouthekeysandsays,“ThankssomuchforwatchingmycarwhileI’maway.Butplease,donotdriveit.Itisanextremely(极其)fastcar.3_________Youwanttoshowofftosomefriends.So,youdriveitaroundtownonenight.Asbadluckwouldhaveit,youlosecontrolofthecaranddriveitintoastopsign.Bang!Whenyourfriendreturnsyoumusttellherwhatyouhavedoneand“facethemusic”.4_________Itcouldbelosingherfriendshiporpayingforrepairstohersportscarorboth.Whateverthemusicis,youmustfaceit.5_________To“takeyourmedicine”meanstoaccepttheresultsfromsomethingbadyouhavedone.Andifsomeonesays,“Youmadeyourbed.Nowlieinit.”theymeanyoucreatedabadsituationandnowyouwillexperiencetheresults.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题后的横线上。A.Butyoudonotlisten.B.“Facethemusic”isagoodexample.C.The“music”hereistheresultofyouractions.D.Americansoftenusetheword“face”inthisway.E.ThereareotherAmericanexpressionsthatmeanthesamethingas“Facethemusic”.1.___________2.____________3.____________4.____________5.____________

BEarthquakesusuallycomewithoutwarning.Whatshouldyoudoifthishappenstoyou?Anearthquakeisdangerous,buttherearestillthingsyoucandotoprotectyourself.• Staycalmastheearthbeginstoshake.Yourchancesofsurvival(幸存；存活)inanearthquakegoupifyoucankeepcalm.6_________.• 7._________Youneedtohavesomethingstrongaroundyoutoprotectyoufromfallingobjects.Donotstandnearwallsorwindowsandstayoutofthekitchen.Thekitchenisdangerousbecauseofmanyglassobjects.• 8._________Stayawayfrombuildingsandtrees.Ifyouareinacar,pullovertoaplacewheretherearenotreesortallbuildingsandstayinthecar.Ifyouareclosetothesea,trytogetasfarawayfromthewateraspossible.Earthquakescancausehugewavesthatcanreallyharmthepeoplenearby.• 9._________Forexample,gasfireoftencomeswithanearthquake.Ifyouseeafire,quicklymoveoutdoorstoanopenarea.Remembertoalwayshopeforthebestbutpreparefortheworst.阅读以上短文，从下面四个中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使文意通顺、正确；根据短文内容回答第10小题。A.Ifyouareoutside,gettoanopenareaasfastasyoucan.B.Stayingcalmisnoteasy,butitcansaveyourlife.C.Ifyouareinsidewhentheearthquakestarts,getunderatableorabed.D.Whentheearthquakeisover,thereisstillplentyofdanger.6.___________7.____________8.____________9.____________Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thewaystoprotectyourselfwhenanearthquakehappens.B.Thewaystostayawayfromtallbuildings.C.Thewaystostaycalm.D.Thewaystomoveoutdoorstoanopenarea.

CAmousewassurprisedtodiscoverthatthefarmerandhiswifehadamousetrap（老鼠夹）inthehouse.Itrantowarneveryone,“Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!”Ahenraisedhisheadandsaid,“Mr.Mouse,thismousetrapisonlyforyou.Iwon’tbeworriedaboutit.”Themouseturnedtoapig,“Iamsorry,Mr.Mouse,butthemousetraphasnothingtodowithme,either!”thepigsaid.Thenthemouseturnedtoacow,“Itsoundslikeyouhaveaproblem,notme.”thecowsaid.Themousereturnedtothehousewithheaddownanditwasverysadbecausenoonewouldhelp.Thatnightthefarmer’swifeheardaloudsoundandsherushedtoseewhatwascaught.Inthedarknessshecouldnotseethatitwasasnake.Thesnakebit（咬）thefarmer’swife.Thewifecaughtabadfeverandthefarmerfoundthebestwaytotreatafeverwaschickensoup.Sothefarmerkilledthehenforthesoup.Thewifegotworseandherfriendscametovisither.Thefarmerhadtokillthepigtofeedthem.Butthewifedidn’tgetbetteranddied.Herfriendscameandthefarmerhadtokillthecowtofeedallofthem.Sorememberwhenanyoneofusisintrouble,wemayallbeintrouble.11.Whywasthemouseverysad?（不超过5个词）____________________________________________________________________________12.Whatwascaughtbythemousetrapthatnight?（不超过5个词）____________________________________________________________________________13.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?（不超过15个词）____________________________________________________________________________

DIschattingonyourmobilephoneboringwithoutcolorfulemojis(表情符号)?Thosehappy,sadandlaughingfaceshelpustalk.Sowhatkindofemojidoesacountrylikemost?Ithassomethingtodowiththeenvironmentandcultureofdifferentcountries,accordingtoareportinTheAtlantic.Francelovesheartemojimorethananyothercountry.It’sreportedthat55%ofemojisitusesarehearts.ThisaddstoFrance’simage(形象)asaromanticcountry.AsforAmericans,weseemanyuserschoosefoodpictures.Americausestheburgerandchickenlegemojimoreoftenthanothercountries.Besides,anation’ssceneryandhistoryaffectitsemojiusage,too?AsitoftensnowsinRussia,peoplethereturntosnowemojimorethanthoseinanyothercountry.InChina,peoplelikeusingpandaemoji.AndAustraliausesmorerabbitemojithananywhereelse.Itoncebuiltthelongestfence(篱笆)intheworldtokeeprabbitsfromeatingtheirwaytoofarwest.根据短文内容填空,每空填一词。14.The________emojiscanhelppeople________onthemobilephone.15.Franceloves________emojibest________Franceisaromanticcountry.16.Theenvironment,culture,aswellas________andsceneryofacountrycan________itsemojiusage.17.Itisoftenfor________tochooseemojioffood________theburgerandchickenleg.18.Australiaoncebuiltthe________fenceintheworldto________rabbitseatingtheirwaytoofarwest.

EDoyouoftenhelpthepeoplewhoareinneed?Oneday,twoboyswerewalkingalongtheroadtoschoolwhentheysawanoldwomancarryingalargebasketofpears.Theoldwomanlookedverytired.Theywentupandsaid,“Areyougoingtotown?Ifyouare,we’llhelpyoucarryyourbasket.”“Thankyou,”saidthewoman.“That’sverykindofyou.”Thenshetoldthemthatshewasgoingtothemarkettosellthepears.Sotheboysdecidedtoliftthebaskettogether.Theywalkedslowlywiththeheavybasket,buttheywerehappy.Theotherday,Isawalittlegirlpickupapieceofbananapeel(水果皮).Shethrewitintothedustbin(垃圾箱).“Ihopenobodywouldthrowthatonthestreet,”shesaid.“Someonemayslip(滑倒)andfall.”Perhapssomepeoplemaysaythatthesearenotgreatthings.That’sright.Butalmostallgreatthingsaremadeupofsuchsmallthings.Weshouldn’twaitforthetimetodogreatthings.Weshouldbeginwiththesethingsthatarefulloflove.19. Whatwastheoldwomancarrying?（根据短文内容回答问题）____________________________________________________________________________20. Wherewerethetwoboysgoing?（根据短文内容回答问题）____________________________________________________________________________21. Shouldwewaitforthetimetodogreatthings?（根据短文内容回答问题）____________________________________________________________________________22.从短文中找出与下面句子画线部分意思相同或相近的单词。Butalmostallgreatthingsaremadeupofsuchsmallthings.____________________________________________________________________________23. Inthepassage,theunderlinedword“it”refersto__________________.

FA.GoldiedoesnotcareaboutbeautyorclothesB.Shelearnedtomakeamachinewiththeblocks（积木）C.YetgirlsappearfarlessinterestedinSTEMsubjectsD.TheyshouldalsoprovideagoodeducationE.ThefourareastogetherareknownasSTEMNotenoughAmericanstudentswanttobeengineers,mathematicians,orscientists.TheUSgovernmentwantstochangethat.ThegovernmentwillspendthreebilliondollarsontheeducationofyoungAmericansinscience,technology,engineering,andmath.(24)__________.ManyjobsintheSTEMfieldswillopeninthecomingyears.Thepurposeofthegovernment’sinvestment(投资)istoincreasethenumberofAmericanswhocantakethosejobs.(25)__________thanboys.Only25percentofSTEMstudentsaregirls.CamsieMcAdamsisattheUSEducationDepartment.ShesaysgirlssimplydonotfeelwelcomedinSTEMsubjects.DebbieSterlingisanengineer.Sheinventedatoyforgirls.Thenameofthetoyis“GoldieBlox”.Tointerestgirls,Sterlingcreatedthecharacter“Goldie”.(26)__________.Goldietellsstories,solvesdifficultproblem