2024初中英语国际音标基础知识归纳总结及练习（含答案）

第一部分国际音标知识汇总一音标常识eq\a\vs4\al\co1(学习目标1音素及音标)英语共有44个音素,其中元音20个,辅音24个,另外还有4个辅音连缀(/ts/,/dz/,/t语辅音和元音的作用相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫作音标。元音12个单元音长元音：/i:7,/a:7,7ɔ:/,/u:/,/3:/短元音：/i/,/e/,/æ/,/p/,/ʌ/,/u/,/ə/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音鼻音浊辅音浊辅音半元音浊辅音26个字母的发音：AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNn/eI//biː//siː//diː//iː//ef//dʒiː//eItʃ//aI//dʒeI//keI//el//em//en/OoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz/əʊ//piː//kjuː//ɑː(r)//es//tiː//juː//viː//ˈdʌbljuː//eks//waI//zed//ziː/eq\a\vs4\al\co1(学习目标2音节)音节是单词中最小的语音片断。一个单词含有多少个元音发音，就有多少个音节。一个元音可以构成一个音节，一个元音和一个辅音或是几个辅音也可以构成一个音节。

二单元音eq\a\vs4\al\co1(学习目标掌握12个单元音的发音)eq\a\vs4\al\co1(12个单元音的拼读练习)/ɑː//ʌ//kɑː//bɑː//stɑː//klɑːs//ʌs//bʌt//dʌk//kʌm//ɔː//ɒ//ɔːl//dɔːr//ˈmɔːnIŋ//spɔːt//dɒg//bɒks//nɒt//ʃɒp//ɜː//ə//hɜːr//gɜːl//lɜːn//wɜːk//əv//ðə//ˈsIstə//əˈbaʊt//iː//I//biː//miːt//wiːk//kliːn//gIv//wIl//ˈlIsn//wIð//uː//ʊ//ʃuː//ruːm//huːz//fuːd//pʊt//lʊk//bʊk//kʊk//e//æ//hed//desk//get//ˈpensl//dæd//ˈæpl//ˈpændə//hæv/习题精炼一、从下列各组单词中选出读音含有所给音素的单词。()1./ɒ/A.some B.hot C.study D.hard()2./ə/A.mother B.age C.week D.work()3./uː/A.hour B.book C.but D.juice()4./iː/A.busy B.three C.cake D.sing()5./æ/A.map B.aunt C.next D.tall二、找出画线部分读音不同的单词。()6.A.teacher B.eat C.head D.speak()7.A.dance B.class C.answer D.watch()8.A.bed B.he C.leg D.egg()9.A.moon B.food C.noodle D.cook()10.A.famous B.today C.woman D.computer三、连线，帮助单词找音标。11.fast A./ˈsɒri/12.wish B./ˈræbIt/13.full C./fɑːst/14.sorry D./tɔːl/15.brother E./wIʃ/16.tall F./ˈbrʌðər/17.rabbit G./fʊl/18.sheep H./ˈrIvər/19.who I./nɜːs/20.help J./huː/21.nurse K./ʃiːp/22.river L./help/三双元音eq\a\vs4\al\co1(学习目标了解8个双元音。)双元音(由第一个元音向第二个元音滑动)：/eI//aI//ɔI//əʊ//aʊ//Iə//eə//ʊə/eq\a\vs4\al\co1(8个双元音的拼读练习)/eI//aI//ɔI//əʊ//aʊ//Iə//eə//ʊə//eIt//baI//bɔI//nəʊ//haʊ//dIə//beə//pʊə//keIk//aIs//tɔI//əʊld//naʊ//hIə//heə//tʊə//feIs//faIv//ɔIl//bəʊt//klaʊd//bIə//peə//ʃʊə//neIm//laIk//vɔIs//kəʊt//braʊn//nIə//tʃeə//kjʊə/一、从下列各组单词中选出读音含有所给音素的单词。()1./aI/ A.is B.pig C.bike()2./aʊ/ A.how B.know C.yellow()3./Iə/ A.pear B.year C.wear()4./eI/ A.take B.apple C.class()5./əʊ/ A.to B.dog C.nose()6./eə/ A.interesting B.here C.there()7./ɔI/ A.go B.boy C.lot()8./ʊə/ A.sure B.picture C.you二、找出一个与所给单词画线字母(组合)读音相同的词。()9.grade A.at B.small C.can D.age()10.how A.low B.now C.window D.know()11.dear A.learn B.early C.hear D.share()12.face A.cake B.family C.ago D.also()13.no A.some B.old C.one D.on()14.hair A.near B.wait C.email D.bear()15.toy A.work B.song C.oil D.buy()16.sure A.tour B.purple C.read D.four三、写出下列每组单词画线部分的音标。()17.fine nine rice kite time()18.boat so home hope no()19.cake play take day eight()20.cloud now trousers cow brown()21.pair air where pear there四辅音eq\a\vs4\al\co1(了解辅音的分类。)辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音鼻音浊辅音浊辅音半元音浊辅音eq\a\vs4\al\co1(辅音的拼读练习)/p//b//t//d//k//g//mæp//biː//It//deI//kæn//gʊd//peə//bʌt//miːt//dæd//kʌp//gɜːl//pleIn//bed//ðæt//red//kɑːd//dɒg//ˈhæpi//bæt//teIp//ænd//bɒks//bæg//m//n//ŋ//l//r//h//æm//In//lɒŋ//lɑːst//raIt//haI/(续表)/miːt//naʊ//sIŋ//lɒst//raIs//haʊ//maI//neIm//θæŋk//ˈmIdl//griːn//hIz//mIz//naIn//ˈmɔːnIŋ//skuːl//frend//hɜː//θ//ð//f//v//s//z//θriː//ðIs//fɔː//lʌv//siː//Iz//θɜːd//ðæt//fuːd//hæv//sʌn//hIz//fIfθ//wIð//hɑːf//ˈsevn//ʌs//zuː//mʌnθ//ˈmʌðə//biːf//ˈveri//klɑːs//ˈzIərəʊ//ʃ//ʒ//w//j//ʃiː//ˈgærɑːʒ//wiː//juː//ʃuː//ˈpleʒə//wel//jəː//dIʃ//ˈjuːʒʊəl//wɜːk//jes//wIʃ//ˈmeʒə(r)//waId//jIə//ts//dz//tʃ//dʒ//tr//dr//Its//kɑːdz//tʃeə//dʒuːn//truː//draI//lets//hedz//tʃes//dʒɔIn//traI//drɔː//ʃɔːts//raIdz//wɒtʃ//eIdʒ//trIp//dres//hæts//bIˈsaIdz//mʌtʃ//brIdʒ//ˈtruːli//drʌm/习题精炼一、从下列各组单词中选出读音含有所给音素的单词。()1./k/ A.CD B.nice C.cat()2./g/ A.girl B.orange C.ring()3./n/ A.sing B.seven C.English()4./s/ A.sleep B.his C.beds()5./θ/ A.that B.brother C.thing()6./w/ A.who B.now C.when()7./r/ A.girl B.wrong C.hurt()8./j/ A.yesterday B.jump C.juice二、连线。9./desk/ A.glasses10./ˈglɑːsIz/ B.window11./ˈnʌmbə/ C.number12./ˈdʒækIt/ D.desk13./ˈgrænmʌðə/ E.relaxing14./Ikˈskjuːz/ F.jacket15./rIˈlæksIŋ/ G.excuse16./ˈwIndəʊ/ H.grandmother三、写出下列每组单词画线部分的音标。()17.thankmouthhealthmonthearth()18.thatthetheirthemthen()19.jobsubjectjuicevegetablejump()20.trytraintraveltreetrousers()21.whichcatchchildchickchore()22.wrongyounghungryeveningbring五常见的字母组合发音规律eq\a\vs4\al\co1(字母组合发音规律表（这个表比较大，例表只为参考）)jeepweekgreenthreesheepcoffeesisterbrothermotherfatherhersterm(续表)roomfoodmoonschoolbooklookcookfootgoodworkworldworsedoctorvisitoractorcowhownowyellowpillowrowgirlbirdthirdshirtskirtfiretirehirepointtoiletboytoyenjoy习题精练一、找出一个与所给单词画线字母组合读音不同的词。()1.sport A.born B.morning C.horse D.work()2.short A.sport B.world C.for D.before()3.dinner A.father B.Internet C.hers D.letter()4.girl A.tired B.bird C.dirty D.shirt()5.good A.foot B.food C.look D.cook()6.sleep A.street B.tree C.eat D.bread()7.beach A.season B.speak C.heavy D.tea()8.farmer A.warm B.hard C.far D.party二、写出下列每组单词画线部分的音标。()9.free feel greenmeet keep()10.after answer brother clever computer()11.