2025版新教材高中英语Unit4AdversityandCourage课时作业一ReadingandThinking新人教版选择性必修第三册

课时作业(一)ReadingandThinking必备学问基础练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Theworkersdemandthattheirw________shouldberaised,becausepricesofbasicgoodsarerising.2．Unfortunately,allpassengersa________fellintotheriver.3．Ioften________(陷入)inthemoodoffeelingeverythingisunreal.4．Asfarasheisconcerned,hedoesn'tfeelashamedofthe________(苦痛的，令人难过的)life.5．Childrenneeddiscipline,buttheyneed________(指导)evenmore.6．Aftermanydays'________(航海),theyarrivedinwhatiscalledAmericanow.Ⅱ.选词填空turndown,setoff,tohissurprise,bestuckin,apply,dreamof,frombadtoworse,holdon,enthusiastic,sink1．Myheart________asIheardthepaininhisvoice.2．Studentswhowanttojointhefamousuniversitynextautumnmust________bySunday.3．Howterrible!Ourschoolbus________thetrafficjamformorethanhalfanhour.4．Tomwasadaydreamer.He________meetingandfallinginlovewithabeautifulwoman.5．________，around50youngpeoplerespondedtohiscallthesamenight.6．Thereisnodenyingthatourlivingqualitieshavegone________．7．Ifyouare________aboutsomething,youshowhowmuchyoulikeorenjoyitbythewaythatyoubehaveandtalk.8．Ifyouasksomeoneto________，youareaskingthemtowaitforashorttime.9．Themeatneedssoftfirenow.Please________thegas.10．Ifyouwanttocatchthattrainwe'dbetter________forthestationimmediately.Ⅲ.语法填空AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewithShackletonwasonethatIhadbeendreaming1.________.WhenI2.________(apply)tojoinit,ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn't3.________(qualify).So,Ihadagoodidea.Isecretlywentabroadtheshipandhidmyselfinacupboard.4.________(fortunate),Iwasdiscoveredbythemafterafewdays.Shackletonfinallyagreedandgaveme5.________jobasastewardontheship.Honestlyspeaking,thejourneyhadnotbeeneasy.TheshipEndurancegot6.________(stick)iniceandwefinallydecidedtoabandonit.Beforewelefttheship,Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldus7.________(rescue)themostessentialsupplies.Shackletoneventhrewawayallhisgold.Butmuchtoour8.________(surprising),heallowedHusseytokeephisbanjo,9.________heoftenplayedtokeepour10.________(spirit)up.Wehadtosettleontheice.Butthespringwascoming,andtheicewouldsoonbegintomelt.Howterrible![答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________关键实力综合练Ⅰ.阅读理解阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AFemaleScientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorld[2024·福建省福清西山学校月考]Therearestillhundredsofrelatively­unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthroughouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21­year­oldscientisthasn'tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTiersGuinn'salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMIT(麻省理工学院)seniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She'sanaerospacemajorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.ElizabethBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen'shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimate(灵长目)scientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn'tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviorofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.RachelCarsonInthe1960s,oneenvironmentalscientist'svoiceroseabovetheresttobecomecentraltoAmericanpolitics,culture,andforeignpolicy:RachelCarson's.Herarticle,“SilentSpring，”warnedofthedangersofpesticides(农药)andchemicalstohumans,plants,andanimals,andwasalandmarkinthenation'senvironmentalhistory.1．WhatisTieraGuinn'sgreatestachievement?A．Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B．Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.C.Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.D．Sheisatopstudentemployedbyafamouscompany.2．WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A．Shewasthefirstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.B．Shewasapioneerofthewomen'shealthintheUSandtheUK.C．Shefoundedthefirstwomen'sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.D．ShewasthefirstwomantobeacceptedasanAmericancitizen.3．Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal­protectionmovement?A．TieraGuinn.B．JaneGoodall.C．RachelCarson.D．ElizabethBlackwell.BMyFirstMarathonAmonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP．E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”．TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS！”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a．m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”．4．Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor________．A．waswelltrainedB．feltscaredC．madeuphismindtorunD．losthope5．WhydidtheauthormentiontheP．E.classinhis7thyear?A．Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B．Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C．Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D．Toshareapreciousmemory.6．Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A．Hemadeit.B．Hequithalfway.C．Hegotthefirstprize.D．Hewalkedtotheend.7．Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A．Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B．Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D．Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.[答题区]题号1234567答案Ⅱ.阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifeoffersitsfairshareofchallenges.Atanygiventime,anyonecanfacedifficultseasonsintheirlife.Itistrueforyou.Whenyou'reexperiencingdifficulty,it'salwayshelpfultohaveasupportsystemtogetthroughit.__1__Knowingthis,thereareafewwaysyoucanbecomesupportiveofafamilymemberwhoisinthemidstofastruggle.Offerlegalresources.Ifyouhavefamilymemberswhoareintroublewiththelaw,youcanofferassistancebypointinginthedirectionofvariouslegalresources.Youcanevendecidetocoverapartoftheirlegalfeesincourt.__2____Provideencouragement.Whenpeoplearedownontheirluck,it'sreallyeasyforthemtogetdiscouragedandgiveup.Instead,it'sawisemovetoofferwordsofencouragementtotheperson.Alwaysremindthemthatthey'restrong,capableandmorepowerfulthantheyrealize.__3____Beasafeplace.Sometimes,peoplestrugglebecausetheydon'tfeelanyloveorsupportfromanyonearoundthem.__4__Betheirlightinthedarkplaces.Thiscandosomuchforsomeonewhoiscarryingalotontheinside.__5__Youneverwanttomakeapersonfeelliketheycan'tmakeitwithoutyouintheirlife.Ifyou'reallowingthefamilymembertolivewithyouforacertainperiodoftime,bestrictaboutwhatneedstohappenduringthattime.Makesurethattheydevelopaplan,atimelineandmeasuredactionstepsthatcanhelpthemgetbackontheirfeet.A．Nomanisanisland.B．Encourageindependence.C．Infact,theyaresurroundedbypressure.D．Alwayscompetewithyourfamilymembers.E．Tellthemthattheywillgetthroughthissituation.F．It'salluptoyoutodecidehowyoucanhelpthem.G．However,youknowthatthere'snothingyoucando.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。NorwegianRoaldAmundsenwasthefirsttoreachtheSouthPoleonDecember14,1911,afteralongjourneyfromtheSouthCircle.Hisopponent,Scott,1.________(arrive)onJanuary18，1912,amonthlate,and2.________(unfortunate),Scott'steamencounteredextremeweatheranddidnotmake3.________backalive.HowdidAmundsengettherebeforeScottandreturnedsafeandsound?Thereweretwomainreasons.Firstreason:thetoolsusedweredifferent.Amundsenuseddogstopullthesled,whileScottusedhorses.Innormalconditions,horseswere4.________(strong)thandogsandcouldcarrymoresupplies.ButintheextremecoldoftheAntarctic,theywerenothardlyenough5.________(stand)thecold.Oneafteranother,theydied,6.________(delay)Scott'sarrivalatthepole.Secondreason:Amundsenhadexperiencedthecold.Amundsen,7.________hadlivedintheEskimotribeforalongtime,rememberedmanyoftheEskimo'smethodsof8.________(survive)andusedthemflexiblyinhisAntarcticexpeditions,suchasusinganimalfurtokeepwarm,finding“shelter”outsidefromthewindandsnow,andhavingsleddogsalternatebetweenjobs.AresearchstationcalledAmundsen­Scott9.________(establish)bytheUnitedStatesin195710.________honourofthetwogreatexplorers.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________课时作业(一)ReadingandThinking必备学问基础练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．wages2.aboard3.sink4.miserable5.guidance6.voyageⅡ.选词填空1．sank2.apply3.wasstuckin4.dreamtof5.Tohissurprise6.frombadtoworse7.enthusiastic8.holdon9.turndown10.setoffⅢ.语法填空1．of/about2.applied3.qualified4.Unfortunately5.a6.stuck7.torescue8.surprise9.which10.spirits关键实力综合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位变更世界的女科学家。1．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.”可知，TieraGuinn最大的成就是帮助建立了一枚美国有史以来最大、最强大的火箭。2．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。依据第三段“ElizabethBlackwell，whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen'shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.”可知，伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年诞生于英格兰的布里斯托尔，她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性，后来成为美国贫困女性健康的活动家，并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。即她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。3．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。倒数其次段中“Themostfamousprimatescientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.”可知，JaneGoodall是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家，她以探讨黑猩猩和维护动物权利而著名。为动物爱护运动做出了重大贡献。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲解并描述了作者自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力胜利跑完全程的励志故事。4．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段最终一句“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.”可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者因脚踝受伤导致训练时间缩短，但仍下定决心参赛。5．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据文章其次段中的“Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas‘notathletic’”可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。6．答案与解析：A细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段中的“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.”可知，作者坚持到了最终，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他胜利地跑完了马拉松。7．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲解并描述自己跑马拉松的经验，再依据最终一段中的“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels,Icannowcallmyselfa‘marathonwinner’”可知，作者胜利跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文是一