Unit5IntotheunknownPresentingideas同步检测练-2021-2022学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册 含答案

Unit5Intotheunknown----Presentingideas

一、单句语法填空

1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatcommunicationskillsare

becomingittakestobeagoodteacher.

2.Theshockingnewsmademerealizeterribleproblems

wewouldface.

3.Ifyouoftenfeeltiredandcan,tfocusyourattention,that

isyouhavetostopworkingtoohardandtohavearest.

4.Theotherday,myfatherdrovehiscardownat__Ithought

wasadangerousspeed.

5.Youhavetoknowyou'regoingifyouaretoplanthe

bestwayofgettingthere.

二、阅读理解

Self-drivingcarshavebeenbackedbythehopethatthey

willsavelivesbygettinginvolvedinfewercrasheswithfewer

injuriesanddeathsthanhuman-drivencars.Butsofar,most

comparisonsbetweenhumandriversandautomatedvehicleshave

beenunfair.Crashstatisticsforhuman-drivencarsare

gatheredfromallsortsofdrivingsituationsandalltypesof

roads.However,mostofthedataonself-drivingcars'safety

havebeenrecordedofteningoodweatherandonhighways,where

themostimportanttasksarestayinginthecar'sownlaneand

notgettingtooclosetothevehicle-ahead.Automatedcarsare

goodatthosetasks,butsoarehumans.

Itistruethatself-drivingcarsdon'tgettired,angry,

frustratedordrunk.Butneithercantheyyetreacttouncertain

situationswiththesameskilloranticipationofanattentive

humandriver.Nordotheypossesstheforesighttoavoid

potentialdangers.Theylargelydrivefrommomenttomoment,

ratherthanthinkaheadtopossibleeventsliterallydownthe

road.

Toaself-drivingcar,abusfullofpeoplemightappear

quitesimilartoanuninhabitedfield.Indeed,decidingwhat

actiontotakeinanemergencyisdifficultforhumans,but

drivershavesacrificedthemselvesforthegreatergoodof

others.Anautomatedsystem，slimitedunderstandingofthe

worldmeansitwillalmostneverevaluate（评估）asituation

thesamewayahumanwould.Andmachinescan'tbeprogrammedin

advancetohandleeveryimaginablesetofevents.

Somepeoplemayarguethatthepromiseofsimplyreducing

thenumberofinjuriesanddeathsisenoughtosupport

driverlesscars.Butexperiencefromaviation（航空）showsthat

asnewautomatedsystemsareintroduced,thereisoftenan

increaseintherateofdisasters.

Therefore,comparisonsbetweenhumansandautomated

vehicleshavetobeperformedcarefully.Tofairlyevaluate

driverlesscarsonhowwelltheyfulfilltheirpromiseof

improvedsafety,it'simportanttoensurethedatabeing

presentedactuallyprovideatruecomparison.Afterall,

choosingtoreplacehumanswithautomationhasmoreeffects

thansimplyaone-for-oneexchange.

1.Whatmakesthecomparisonbetweenself-drivingcarsand

human-drivencarsunfair?

A.Self-drivingcarsnevergettired.

B.Machinescanmakedecisionsfaster.

C.Self-drivingcarsknowtheworldbetter.

D.Statisticsarecollecteddifferently.

2.Inwhichaspectcanself-drivingcarsbeathuman-driven

cars?

A.Climbingsteepslopes.

B.Drivingsteadily.

C.Evaluatingthecostofloss.

D.Makingcomplexdecisions.

3.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?

A.Tosupporthuman-drivencars.

B.Toshowhisdoubtaboutself-drivingcars.

C.Tocallforexactevaluationofself-drivingcars.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofreducingcaraccidents.

4.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?

A.Anarrative.B.Adescription.

C.Anargument.D.Anexposition.

三、语法填空

TheMayancivilizationwasfromagroupofpeople1.

livedinCentralAmerica.TheMayapeopleuseda(n)2.

(write)languagebeforeColumbuscametotheAmericasin1492

AD.Theyweregood3.art,building,andmath.Theyknew

aboutstarsandplanets,whichhelpedthemmakecalendars.

TheMayancivilizationwasthemostimportantbetweenthe

yearsof250ADand900AD.4.(gradual),theMayan

civilizationspreadallthewayfromCentralMexicotoHonduras,

Guatemala,andnorthernElSalvador.

TheMayapeopletradedwithotherpeopleintheAmericas.

Theymadechangestotheirbuildingstomakethemmuch5.

(good).Thestyleinwhichtheymade6.(they)

buildingswasoftensimilartostylesofbuildingsincountries

thattheMayapeopletradedwith.

TheMayancivilizationstartedgettingsmallerafter900

AD.TheSpanisharrivedin7.15thcenturyandtookover

CentralAmerica,eventheMayanareas.However,theMayapeople

stilllivetheretoday.TheyevenkeeptheoldMayantraditions

and8.(believe).TherearemanyMayanlanguagesstill

spokentoday,9.(include)onecalledtheAchilanguage.

AplaycalledRabinalAchi10.(consider)veryimportant

totheworld.

四、阅读填句

SleeptoLoseWeight

Arecentstudyfoundthatpeoplewhosleeplesstendtobe

fat.Expertssaidit'stimetofindoutifmoresleepcanfight

obesity.

Nowadays,themostpopularmethodtokeepfitisdoingmore

exerciseandeatingless.Somepeopleeventakeweight-loss

drugstokeepslim,whichisunhealthyandharmfultoyourbody.

“1Asaresult,we'vefailedtorecognizethevalueofgood

sleep,“saidaphysician.

Mensleepanaverageof27minuteslessthanwomen,and

overweightandfatpatientssleeplessthanpatientswith

normalweights.Ingeneral,fatpeoplejustsleepabout1.8

hourslessaweekthanthosewithnormalweights.2Onlyan

extra20minutesofsleeppernightcontributestoalowerbody

massindex（身体质量指数）.

Wecautionthatthisstudydoesnotestablisha

cause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlimitedsleepand

fatness.3Therefore,let'sstaythinbysleepingmore!

Herearesomeotheradvantagesofsleepingmore.

,You,11learnbetter.

Thisisn,tjustforchildren.Adultswhogetenoughsleep

alsodobetterontestsofshort-termmemory.

4

Aftergettingenoughsleep,youwillfindyourselffeeling

happyanddelighted.

,Lowerstress.

5Withthatpeoplecanbettercontroltheirblood

pressure.

A.Bettermood.

B.Youwillbeenergized.

C.Sleepcandefinitelyreducelevelsofstress.

D.We'veputsomuchemphasisondietandexercise.

E.Thestudyisintendedtoofferahealthywaytohelppeople

sleeplonger.

F.Theexpertssuggestthattoomuchextensionofsleeptime

notbenecessary.

G.However,investigationsofsuccessfulweightlossby

sleepingmorehelpprovesuchaconnection.

一、单句语法填空

1.what

2.what

3.when

4.what

5.where

二、阅读理解

1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Crashstatisticsforhuman

-drivencarsaregatheredfromallsortsofdrivingsituations

andalltypesofroads.However,mostofthedataonself-driving

cars'safetyhavebeenrecordedofteningoodweatherandon

highways,wherethemostimportanttasksarestayinginthe

car'sownlaneandnotgettingtooclosetothevehicle-ahead.”

可知，统计数据的收集方式不同，使得自动驾驶汽车和人类驾驶汽车

之间的比较不公平。故选D。

2.B细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Somepeoplemayarguethat

thepromiseofsimplyreducingthenumberofinjuriesanddeaths

isenoughtosupportdriverlesscars.”可知，有些人可能会说,

仅仅减少受伤和死亡人数的承诺足以支持无人驾驶汽车。说明无人驾

驶汽车非常稳定。故选B。

3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tofairlyevaluate

driverlesscarsonhowwelltheyfulfilltheirpromiseof

improvedsafety,it'simportanttoensurethedatabeing

presentedactuallyprovideatruecomparison.”可推知，作者

写这篇文章是为了呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的评估。故选C。

4.C推理判断题。根据文章主要内容为讨论无人驾驶与人类驾

驶之间的优点和缺点以及最后作者呼吁对自动驾驶汽车进行准确的

评估可知，文章主要是采用议论文的形式来展开说明的。故选C°

三、语法填空

1.whoo考查定语从句。句意：玛雅文明起源于居住在中美洲的一群

人。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为agroupofpeople,

为人，who在从句中作主语引导定语从句。故填who。

2.writteno考查过去分词。句意：玛雅人在1492年哥伦布来到美

洲之前就使用了书面语言。分析句子可知，所填空处作定语修饰

language,“语言”与“写”为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。故

填written。

3.ato考查固定短语和介词。句意：他们擅长艺术、建筑和数学。be

goodat为固定搭配，意为“擅长”。故填at。

4.Graduallyo考查副词。句意:玛雅文明逐渐从墨西哥中部传播到

洪都拉斯、危地马拉和萨尔瓦多北部。结合语境可知，玛雅文明逐渐

开始向其他地区传播。故填Gradually。

5.bettero考查比较级。句意：他们对自己的建筑进行了改造，使

之更好。分析句子，结合前文much可知，此处用good的比较级。故

填better。

6.theiro考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们建造的建筑的风格往

往与玛雅人有贸易往来的国家的建筑风格相似。结合语境可知，此处

是他们的建筑。故填their。

7.theo考查定冠词。句意：西班牙人在15世纪到达并占领了中美

洲，甚至玛雅地区。分析句子可知，inthe15thcentury为固定搭

配，意为“在15世纪”。故填the。

8.beliefso考查名词。句意：他们甚至保留了古老的玛雅传统和信

仰。分析句子，结合前文traditions可知，此处用believe的名词

复数形式。故填beliefs。

9.includingo考查介词。句意：许多玛雅语言至今仍在使用，包括

一种叫做阿齐语的语言。分析句子可知，所填空处用介词including

作状语。故填includingo

10.isconsideredo考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:一部叫做

RabinalAchi的戏剧对世界来说非常重要。分析句子可知，戏剧与

认为为逻辑上的被动关系，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，且主语A

play是单数。故填isconsideredo

四、阅读填句

1.Do由本段第一句“现在，最流行的保持健康的方法是多锻炼和少

吃。”和空后一句“因此，我们没有认识到良好睡眠的价值”可知，承

接上下文，D选项“我们太强调饮食和锻炼。”切题。该选项中的diet

andexercise对应上文中的exerciseand