2017-2018学年高二英语下学期知识点检测14

高二英语语法之虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种动词形式，常用于表示愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或与客观事实不符。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语复合句是非真实情况。与事实相反If从句（谓语时态）主句（谓语时态）现在did/wereshould（could,would,或might）do过去haddoneshould（could,would,或might）havedone将来weretodo/shoulddo/didshould（could,would,或might）do如：1、与现在事实不一致：Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.IfI_____(be)you,I____________(work)hardatsuchimportantpointofyourlife.2、与过去事实不一致：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.IfI________(study)hard,I________________(notfail)intheexamlastterm.3、与将来事实不一致：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.IfI____________/_____________/_______________(go)tothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.注意：1、If条件从句不可出现“would”。2、“混合虚拟”，即主、从句时间不一致，分别根据句中的时间状语，遵守句型表格。如：Ifyouhadaskedyourteacheryesterday,youwouldhavenoquestionsnow.Ifyou_________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice,you____________(come)homefromthehospitaltomorrow.Ifyou_________(work)hardnow,you___________(have)abrightfuturelateron.3、If的省略：if从句中如果出现were,had（助动词）,should，可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.=Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.=___________________________________Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.=___________________________________二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中，用（should）do，如：Weinsisted/suggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.（_____从句）Itwasrequiredthatthecrops___________(harvest)atonce.（_____从句）Therecommendationthathe________(invite)wasrejected.(_____从句)Theirdemandisthattheirwages_______(increase).(_____从句)常用(should)do虚拟的动词及相应名词：动词：advise,command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest名词：advice,command,order,requirement,demand,request,insistence,proposal,suggestion常见句型：1.Itisv-edthat…Itissuggestedthatshe(should)takeyouradvice.Itisrequiredthatyou(should)noteattoomuch.2.名词后接的同位语从句中：Doyouknowtheorderhascomethatnoone______absent?Heputforwardtheproposalatthemeetingthatthosediaries(should)bewellkept.3.The+n.+is/wasthat…Myrequestisthateveryone(should)comeearlynextmorning.注意：当insist作“坚持认为、强调说”时，或当suggest作“暗示、表明”时，其后宾语从句不能用虚拟语气，如：Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe_____(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____(have)amedicalexamination.Themaninsistedthathe_____(be)notathiefandthathe_____________(set)free.三、其他特殊句型1.Itisimportant/strange/natural/necessary/apity/ashamethat…(should)doIt’simportantthateveryoneshouldknowtheserules.It’snecessarythathe_____________(send)thereatonce.It’sverystrangethatshe_______________(leave)withoutaword.2.wish,Ifonly/HowIwish…用虚拟语气表示一种不可能实现的愿望。与现在愿望不一致did/were与过去愿望不一致haddone与未来愿望不一致would（could）do IwishIwereyou. IwishI___________(visit)theWhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates. IwishI___________(meet)youtomorrowattheparty.Ifonlyhecouldcome!IfonlyI__________(know)theanswer!我要早知答案就好了。3.It’s(about/high)time…+shoulddo/过去时，should不可以省略It’stimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool4.wouldrather,asif（though），表示过去的情况用haddone，表示现在与将来的情况用过去式，如：I’dratheryou______(return)thebookyesterday.I’dratheryou_____(post)theletterrightaway.Shetreatedthechildrenasiftheywereherown.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhe________(be)there.5.without,but,butfor,otherwise(要不是，否则)常暗含着含蓄条件。 Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim. Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell. Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow. I___________(come)tothepartyyesterday,butI___________(work)then. Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!6.evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句，主句和从句虚拟参照虚拟条件句。EvenifLinTaowerehere,Ishouldsaythesamething.Eventhoughhehadbeenill,he_____________(go)tohisoffice.7.incase,lest或forfearthat等引导的从句中，谓语动词多用(should)do。Shetookherraincoatincase/forfearthat/lestshe________________(catch)intherain.8.hope,mean,intend,think,expect,plan,want,suppose表示意图，打算，希望等虚拟表现在这些词本身上，分别用过去时和过去完成时表示现在和过去没有实现的愿望和打算。Ihopedtoseehim,butIamtoobusynow.Ihadhopedtoseehim,butIwastoobusythen.1.—Whydidn’tyoubuythedictionary?—I____,butI____themoney.A.would;didn’thaveB.would;hadn’thadC.wouldhave;didn’thaveD.wouldhave;hadn’thad2.—Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?—I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did3.—Yesterday,youshouldhavecome.—I____butanoldfriendturnedup.A.hadplannedtoB.plannedtoC.haveplannedtoD.hadplanned4.Ifyouhadhadagoodsleep,you___sleepynow.A.didn’tfeelB.wouldn’tfeelC.wouldn’thavefeltD.don′tfeel5.Heissupposed____tothemeeting,buthedidn’t.A.tocomeB.tohavecomeC.comingD.tobecoming6.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisewe____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored7.Themaninsistedthathe___thelawand___free.A.break;setB.hadn’tbroken;setC.shouldhavebroken;besetD.hadn’tbroken;beset8.It'snecessarythateachchild_________therules.

A.mustobeyB.stillobeyC.obeysD.obey9._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe10._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave11.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch12.Withoutyourhelp,I_______theexamlastterm.

A.failedinB.wouldhavefailedC.wouldn'tpassD.wouldfail13.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise____sooner.”A.IwouldbehereB.IhavebeenhereC.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere14.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe15.IfI____moretime,Icouldhavefinishedtheworkbetter.A.havebeengiven B.hadbeengiven C.havegiven D.hadgivenHe’llbebusythisafternoon.Ifhe___free,he___tothecinemawithyou.A.weretobe;mightgoB.amgoingtobe;willgoC.willbe;mighthavegoneD.is;willgo17.Youradvicethathe______isreasonable.A.willnotsmoke B.isn’tgoingtosmoke C.doesn’tsmoke D.notsmoke18.Butforyourhelp,I____theexam.A.wouldhavepassed B.wouldn’thavepassedC.willpass D.hadpassed19.Itistimeyou___up.Breakfastisready.A.getB.got C.gets D.wouldhavegot20.Iwouldratheryou____tothemeetingyesterday.A.hadn’tcome