广东省广州深圳市学调联盟高三英语第二次调研考试试题（含解析）

广东省广州、深圳市学调联盟2020届高三英语第二次调研考试试题（含解析）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。2.用2B铅笔将考生号及试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHowToMakeTastyYamPottage（山药汤）？Belowarethemethodsandingredientstobeusedforyampottage.·Ingredient1mediumsizeYam1½spoon,palmoil2½cups,water1bulb,OnionBlendedmixofscotchbonnetpepper,tomatoes,¼onionGroundfishSmokedmackerelSeasoningandsalttotasteVegetable(Ugwuorscentleaf)(Optional)·Method1.PeelandcuttheYamintochunkssizeandrinse.Setaside.2.Inaheatedpot,addyourpalmoil,heatfor1minutethenaddyourchoppedonions.Fryuntilslightlybrown.3.Addyourblendedmixtureofscotchbonnetpepper,tomatoes,andonions.4.Whilecooking,addyourseasoningcube,crayfish,andsalt.Stirtogether.Allowtocookfor10to15minutes.5.Addwater.6.Pourinthechunksyams,addyoursmokedmackerelandstirtogether.Covertocookstillthe7.yamissofttoyoursatisfaction.8.Lastly,addyourvegetable.Allowtosimmerfor5minutesYourmealisready!·HowToMakeSumptuousLemonYoghurtCakeThisrecipeissoyummyandeasytomake,youcan’tgowrongwiththisrecipe.Imean,evenifyouaddtoomuchsugartothemixture,thelemonwilldouseit.Itisalsoaveryforgivingrecipebecausenomatterhowyoumeasureyouringredients,itwillalwayseoutjustright.It’stheperfectChristmasdessertrecipe.Thisrecipemakestwolemonyoghurtcakes.·Ingredients2cupsofallpurposeflour1tbspofVanillaextract1/2CupofSugar1cupofCookingOiltheZestof1mediumtolargesizedLemon3to4EggsAPinchofSaltAcupofunsweetenedyoghurt1tbspofbakingpowder·Method1.Sprayyourbakingpans(I’musingtwopans,size:9by5’s)andsetaside2.Inalargebowl,scrapethelemonzestfromthelemonandaddthesugar.ThengentlyuseyourfingerstomassagethezestwiththeSugar.3.AddtheOil,yoghurtEgg,andVanillatotheSugarandZestthenmixtillallingredientsarewellbined.4.Inaseparatesmallerbowlbineflour,bakingpowder,andapinchofsalt.5.Mixthedryingredientswiththewetingredientsandpourthemixtureintothepreparedpans.6.Bakeat350F（华氏350度）intheovenforaboutanhour7.Afteranhour,stickaskewerintothecaketomakesureitisready,thenbringitoutoftheovenandletitsitonaracktocooldownforabout15minutes.8.Sliceandeatwitheithericecreamoraloneifyoulike.It’saperfectdessertfortheholiday.Enjoy!1.WhichofthefollowingoptionsisnotneededformakingYamPottage?A.Salt B.BulbsC.Tomatoes D.Groundfish2.Howdoesthecaketasteinthearticle?A.Moderatesweetandsour B.LemonsourC.Sourandsweettasteofyogurt D.Everyonemustlike3.Afterputtingthecakeintheoven,howlongdoesittaketoenjoy?A.Threequartersofanhour B.80minutesC.Enjoynow D.15minutes【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了如何做山药汤和柠檬酸奶蛋糕。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据HowToMakeTastyYamPottage部分Ingredient中的“APinchofSalt”、“Blendedmixofscotchbonnetpepper,tomatoes,¼onion”及“Groundfish”可知，制作山药汤需要盐、番茄和底栖鱼，而没有提到鳞茎，故B项正确。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据HowToMakeSumptuousLemonYoghurtCake部分Method中的“2.Inalargebowl,scrapethelemonzestfromthelemonandaddthesugar.ThengentlyuseyourfingerstomassagethezestwiththeSugar.”可知，在一个大碗里，从柠檬上刮下柠檬皮，加入糖，然后用手指轻轻地把糖均匀涂抹在柠檬果肉上，由此可知，用文中提到的这种做法做出来的柠檬酸奶蛋糕酸甜适中，故A项正确。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据HowToMakeSumptuousLemonYoghurtCake部分Method中的“6.Bakeat350F（华氏350度）intheovenforaboutanhour”可知，蛋糕需要在350华氏度的烤箱中烤约一小时；再根据“7.Afteranhour,stickaskewerintothecaketomakesureitisready,thenbringitoutoftheovenandletitsitonaracktocooldownforabout15minutes.”可知，在烤箱里烤一小时后，需要拿出来冷却15分钟左右，由此可知，把蛋糕放进烤箱后，要75（60+15）分钟后才能吃，故B项正确。BBuildingonthesuccessofthedigitalseriesofOneWorld:TogetheratHome,GlobalCitizenandtheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)arepartneringforaspecialonenighteventofthesamename,whichwillscreenacrossBET/edyCentral/MTV/MTVbaseonSunday,April19.OnMTVBase,DStvchannel322andGOtvchannel72,itwouldairby1am.(WAT),witharepeatbroadcastsamedayby8pm.(WAT).LaunchedwithChrisMartinofColdplayonMarch16,2020,TogetheratHomehasbeeanoutletforartistestosharemusicwiththeirfansforapurposetoeducateandinformmillionsaroundWHO’scriticalefforttoprevent,detectandrespondtotheCOVID19pandemic.However,OneWorld:TogetheratHomeisnotacharityevent,butabroadglobalentertainmentspecialtosupporttheWorldHealthOrganisationandtheglobalfighttoendCOVID19.TheshowwillfeatureAlistsuperstarssuchasLadyGaga,JohnLegend,BillieEilish,andmore.Thetwohourprogramwillbehostedbymarqueepersonalitiesfromeachofthemajornetworks.Itwillincludebothliveandpretapedperformancesfromtheworld’smostprominentartistswithmultimillionnairapledgestotheWHO’sSolidarityResponseFund.Theshowwillliftviewer’sspiritsinthesetryingtimeswithexclusiveanduniquecameosfromtheworldsofmusicandarts,sportssuperstars,andedicsketches,whilealwaysdrawingbacktoitscorepurposetoeducateandinformonCOVID19risks,preventionandresponse.ThebroadcastwillalsofeatureinterviewswithexpertsfromWHOaswellasstoriesoffrontlinehealthcareworkersfromaroundtheworld.WiththeconfirmedcasesofthecoronavirusintheUnitedStatesrisingeachday,therichandfamousaren’tstayingquietabouttheirdiagnoses.Instead,celebritiesarespeakingoutonsocialmedianotonlytokeepfansinformedbutinsomecases,tourgefollowerstostayhomeinordertohelpreducetheriskoftransmission.4.Whatwillyouseeatthisconcert?A.Covid19treatmentmethod B.MarqueeproductionmethodC.Antiepidemicstoriesofmedicalstaff D.Musicinterview5.Whatisthepurposeofthisevent?A.LettheaudienceunderstandthemusicB.ShowthecharmofsuperstarsC.CallonthepublictoraiseawarenessofhealthprotectionD.IntroducingCovid196.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.ThestarsparticipatinginthisactivityhaveasenseofsocialresponsibilityB.TheperformancesareallliveC.WorldHealthOrganizationdonatestothiseventD.AmericanpeopleareunawareofCovid197.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.TheMedicalMagazine B.TheMusicMagazineC.TheAdevertisment D.TheNewspaper【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.D【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了世卫组织倡导、众多明星参加的《同一个世界，一起呆在家里》全球娱乐活动，该活动以电视节目的形式播放给全球观众，目的是呼吁人们提高防护意识，共同抗击疫情。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ThebroadcastwillalsofeatureinterviewswithexpertsfromWHOaswellasstoriesoffrontlinehealthcareworkersfromaroundtheworld.”可知，该节目还将包括对世卫组织专家的采访以及来自世界各地的一线医疗工作者的故事，由此可知，在节目中，你能看到医护人员的抗疫故事，故C项正确。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“whilealwaysdrawingbacktoitscorepurposetoeducateandinformonCOVID19risks,preventionandresponse.”可知，该节目的核心目的是教育和告知公众新冠病毒的风险、预防和应对措施，也就是说该活动的目的是呼吁公众提高健康保护意识，故C项正确。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“celebritiesarespeakingoutonsocialmedianotonlytokeepfansinformedbutinsomecases,tourgefollowerstostayhomeinordertohelpreducetheriskoftransmission.”可知，明星们在社交媒体上大声疾呼，不仅是为了让粉丝了解情况，也是为了敦促粉丝们呆在家里，以帮助降低传播风险，由此可知，参加本次活动的明星具有社会责任感，故A项正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世卫组织倡导、众多明星参加的《同一个世界，一起呆在家里》全球娱乐活动，该活动以电视节目的形式播放给全球观众，目的是呼吁人们提高防护意识，共同抗击疫情，文章属于新闻报道，最有可能出现在报纸上，故D项正确。CMostadultsfirmlybelievethataskidsreachtheirteens,theystarttotakecrazyrisksthatgetthemintrouble.Doteenagerssimplylovetakingallrisksmuchmorethanadults?Arecentstudysuggestsotherwise.Scientistsdesignedasimpleexperimentinvolving33teenagersandthreeotheragegroups.Intheexperiment,theresearcherstriedtodistinguishbetweentwoverydifferentkindsofrisktaking.Thefirsttheycalledawillingnesstotakeknownrisks(whentheprobabilityofwinningisclear)andthesecondtheycalledawillingnesstotakeunknownrisks(whenthepossibilityofsuccessisuncertain).Thestudyofferedparticipantstheopportunitytoplaytwokindsofgames.Theyhadthechancetowinmoney,withonegameofferingaknownriskandtheotherofferinganunknownrisk.Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.Whatthescientistsfoundwasreallyquitesurprising.Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknown—morecarefulthancollegestudentsorparentsagedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparentagedadults.Thismeansthatwhentheriskswereknown,teenagerswerenotriskyintheirbehavioratall.Onlywhentheriskswereuncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.So,whatdoesallofthismean?Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisksassociatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.8.ThisexperimentwascarriedoutbyA.dividingtheteensintothreegroupsB.paringthereactionstodifferentrisksC.givingequalamountofawardstotheparticipantsD.observingtheemotionalchangesoftheteenager9.Whenfacingknownrisksteenagerstendedtobe________.A.ambits B.cautiousC.anxious D.curious10.Whichgroupinthestudyweremorelikelytotakeunknownrisks?A.Teenagers. B.Collegestudents.C.Parentagedadults. D.Grandparentagedadults.11.Accordingtothestudy,parentsshouldfocuson________.A.guaranteeingchildrentobecarefulB.settingagelimitsondangerousactivitiesC.respectingteenstomaketheirownchoicesD.guidingteenstolearnmoreabouttheeffectofrisks【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了研究表明，当面临已知的风险时，青少年往往很谨慎。只有当风险还不清楚时，青少年才会比其他群体更经常地选择它们，所以父母应该集中精力引导青少年更多地了解风险的影响。【8题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第三段Oneachroundofthegame,eachparticipanthadtochoosebetweentakingasure$5andknownorunknownrisksofwinningalotmore.Ifononeparticularroundtheyhadpickedthe$5forsurechoice,thentheygot$5.Butifonthatroundtheyhadchosentotakearisk,therulesofthegamewilldeterminewhetherornottheyhadwon.Iftheydidwin,theywenthomewithbetween$8and$125.And,ofcourse,iftheylost,theywenthomewithnothing.（在每一轮游戏中，每个参与者都必须在确定的5美元和已知或未知的赢得更多的风险之间做出选择。如果在一个特定的回合中，他们肯定选择了5美元，那么他们就得到了5美元。但如果他们在这一轮中选择冒险，游戏规则将决定他们是否赢了。如果他们赢了，他们带着8到125美元回家。当然，如果他们输了，他们会一无所有地回家。）由此可知本实验是通过比较对不同风险的反应来进行的，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Itturnedoutthattheaverageteenagerwasveryhesitantwhenriskswereknown—morecarefulthancollegestudentsorparentsagedadults,andaboutascarefulasgrandparentagedadults.（结果表明，当风险被了解时，一般的青少年都非常犹豫——比大学生或父母更谨慎，和祖父母一样谨慎。）由此可知当面临已知的风险时，青少年往往很谨慎，故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Onlywhentheriskswereuncleardidteenagerschoosethemmoreoftenthanothergroups.Underthosekindsofconditions,theyweremuchmorewillingtotakeariskthananyothergroup.（只有当风险还不清楚时，青少年才会比其他群体更经常地选择它们。在这种情况下，他们比其他任何一组人都更愿意冒险。）由此可知，研究中，青少年组更有可能承担未知的风险，故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段Theresearchsuggeststhatadultsshouldprobablyfocusmoreenergyontryingtoeducateteenagersaboutrisksthanlimitingthem.Teenagerswhounderstandtherisksassociatedwithadecisionaremorelikelytobecarefulintheirbehavior.（研究表明，成年人应该把更多的精力放在教育青少年认识风险上，而不是限制他们。了解决策风险的青少年在行为上更有可能谨慎。）由此可知根据这项研究，父母应该集中精力引导青少年更多地了解风险的影响，故选D。DSolarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels(刚性太阳能电池板)cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbeeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Shecofoundedapanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructionpanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable(可持续的)developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’sputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthepany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralpaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.12.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate. B.It’splex. C.It’sflexible. D.It’sexpensive.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.SkanskaandAdamTargowski.B.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.C.SoleilTechnologies.D.Perovskitepanels.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.B.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.C.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.D.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.B.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.C.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.D.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskitecangoalmostanywhere”可知，钙钛矿太阳能电池没有安装位置的限制，由此可知它具有灵活性，故C项正确。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.”可知，Malinkiewicz发明了一种打印钙钛矿电池板的方法，就像喷墨打印机一样，这类钙钛矿电池板特别好用，不管是否完全暴置于日光下都很好用，由此可知they指代的就是前面提到的钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“butseveralpaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.”可知，一些公司已经打算今年在市场上出售钙钛矿电池板了，由此可知，很快就能在市场上看到钙钛矿电池板，故D项正确。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景，由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板，故B项正确。【点睛】科普说明文的主旨大意题难度较大，抓住具有转折关系的句子是关键，因为转折连词往往会引出文章主题，例如本篇第4题，文章第一句说太阳能助力实现能源更加清洁的未来，但是刚性太阳能电池板的安装位置是有限制的，这个转折句引出文章主题——有一种新型的柔性电池板，它是由钙钛矿构成的，它没有安装的限制，由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Sincethe1980secotourismhasgrownandgrown.Itisthefastestgrowingtypeoftourism.Ifdonewell,ecotourismhasseveraladvantages.Itiskindertotheenvironment.___16___Thismeansthatmorenaturalhabitatisprotectedandthattheresourcesforbuildingefromsustainable(可持续的)sources.Anotheradvantageisthatpeopleinthedevelopedworldthroughecotourismgettoexperienceplacesofgreatnaturalimportanceaswellasmunicatingwithlocalpeople.___17___However,therearesomedisadvantagesofecotourism.Itisfeltbysomeenvironmentaliststhatanyhumanactivitywillcausedisorderintheroutineofanimals.___18___Anotherproblemforlocalpeopleisthattheyareexpectedtoposeforcamerasanddanceetc.formoney.___19___Thetouristsaredestroyingtheculturethattheyarepayingtoprotect.Ecotourismtriestogototheplacesfarawayfromothermunities.___20___Thereisnothingstoppingpeopletakingmoneyfromtouristsaswellasdoingenvironmentallyunfriendlyactivities.Itseemsthatthedisadvantagesoftenoutweightheadvantagesofecotourism.Itmightbebettertotakepicturesofanimalsratherthankillanimals,butgiventhechoicetheanimalswouldsoonernothavepeoplearound.Itseemswhetherecotourismshouldbeallowedshouldbejudgedcasebycase,andthatthelocalpeoplemustbeconsidered.A.Theseplacesareoftennotwellpoliced.B.Peoplewalkingthroughtheforestmaydomuchharm.C.Andtheseactivitieswillalsodamagetheecosystem.D.Itseldomendspeopletountouchedpartsoftheworld.E.Thisisgoodforbothparties:theybothcanbetterunderstandeachother.F.Anditencouragesdeveloperstoconsiderthenaturalenvironmentmore.G.Itdiscouragesthelocalpeoplefrompursuingtheirtraditionallifestyles.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.G20.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生态旅游的优点和缺点。【16题详解】根据本空前的“Ifdonewell,ecotourismhasseveraladvantages.Itiskindertotheenvironment.”可知，生态旅游有很多好处，比如，它更环保，此处说的是另一个好处，故F项（它鼓励开发者更多地考虑自然环境）符合语境。【17题详解】根据本空前的“peopleinthedevelopedworldthroughecotourismgettoexperienceplacesofgreatnaturalimportanceaswellasmunicatingwithlocalpeople.”可知，通过生态旅游，发达国家的人们可以去极具自然价值的地方体验，也可与当地人交流，此处是说与当地人交流的好处，故E项（这对双方都有好处：他们都能更好地理解对方）符合语境。【18题详解】根据本空前的“Itisfeltbysomeenvironmentaliststhatanyhumanactivitywillcausedisorderintheroutineofanimals.”可知，环保人士认为任何人类活动都会导致动物的日常生活紊乱，此处承接上文，讲的是人类活动的另一个负面影响，故C项（这些活动也会破坏生态系统）符合语境。【19题详解】根据本空前的“Anotherproblemforlocalpeopleisthattheyareexpectedtoposeforcamerasanddanceetc.formoney.”可知，当地人的另一个问题是他们被要求站在镜头前摆好姿势、跳舞等赚钱，此处说的是这个问题对当地人的生活的影响，故G项（它阻碍了当地人追求他们传统的生活方式）符合语境。【20题详解】根据本空前的“Ecotourismtriestogototheplacesfarawayfromothermunities.”可知，生态旅游试图去那些远离其他社区的地方，此处承接上文，讲的是这些地方的情况，故A项（这些地方往往治安不佳）符合语境。第二部分语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lazerlovesrunning,andalthoughheexperiencesaseriesofpotentiallyfatalheartproblems,healwayscherishesanewfinishlinetoinspirehis___21___.By2008,Lazerhadundergonesixheart___22___,andthelastonelefthim___23___.Inanattempttofeel___24___,hedecidedto___25___hisdietand,atthesuggestionofafriend,starteddrinkingmorenutrientpackedjuices.___26___,hebegantofeelgoodenoughto___27___hissneakersandhitthe___28___again.“After___29___thehospital,mygoalwasnotto____30____.IwantedtolivemylifeasIdesired,andthatmeantto____31____runningandbeinthebestshapethatIcan,”hesays.“Iwasn’tgoingtobesedentaryandsitonasofaand____32____theremote.ThebigthingformewasthatIwantedmyownlife.IwasgoingtodoeverythingIcouldtogetmylifeback.”ToLazer,thatmeantrunning,sinceitwassuchabigpartofthatlife.____33____,justmonthsafterthatsixthsurgeryin2008,hewasback____34____thestartinglineoftheLasVegas26.2.AndthispastNovember,hecrossedthefinishlineofhis18th____35____race.Lazer____36____runningasoneofthemainreasonshe’slivedwellbeyondthatoneyearprognosishegotbackin2004.“IbelieveIstartedrunning____37____knowingthatifIdidn’t,Iwouldn’tbelivingtoo____38____,”hesays.“RunningisapartofwhoIam—Iam____39____tobethebestthatIpossiblycanbe.It’ssuchahugepartofmylifethatmylifeseemsoutoforderifI’minjuredorIcan’trun.It’skindofmy____40____.”21.A.recovery B.champion C.petition D.growing22.A.hurts B.broken C.surgeries D.rehabilitation23.A.devastated B.debilitated C.strove D.hesitated24.A.brighter B.higher C.happier D.stronger25.A.pickup B.addup C.switchup D.turnup26.A.Eventually B.Normally C.Quickly D.Strangely27.A.putup B.laceup C.takeon D.controlwith28.A.master B.disease C.petitor D.road29.A.gettingoutof B.returningto C.runningoutof D.droppingout30.A.achieve B.promise C.change D.promote31.A.train B.find C.continue D.start32.A.switch B.play C.fiddle D.press33.A.Besides B.However C.But D.So34.A.from B.at C.on D.about35.A.consecutive B.successful C.ordinary D.special36.A.doubts B.credits C.hopes D.ponders37.A.somehow B.anyone C.somebody D.anyhow38.A.late B.long C.painful D.relaxed39.A.thinking B.struggling C.braving D.striving40.A.drug B.life C.anchor D.entire【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.C26.A27.B28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.D34.C35.A36.B37.A38.B39.D40.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了热爱跑步的拉泽在做了六次心脏手术之后仍然坚持跑步的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉泽热爱跑步，尽管他可能会经历一系列致命的心脏问题，他总是用新的终点线来激励自己的康复（通过一次次的跑步来帮助自己康复）。A.recovery恢复；B.champion冠军；C.petition竞争；D.growing成长。根据空后的“By2008,Lazerhadundergonesixheart___2___,”可知，到2008年，拉泽已经接受了六次心脏手术，因此他希望通过一次次的跑步来帮助自己康复，故A项正确。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2008年，拉泽已经接受了六次心脏手术，做完最后一次手术，他的身体极度虚弱。A.hurts疼痛；B.broken破碎；C.surgeries手术；D.rehabilitation复原。根据上文中的“heexperiencesaseriesofpotentiallyfatalheartproblems”可知，拉泽可能会经历一系列致命的心脏问题，这说明拉泽做过多次心脏手术，故C项正确。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.devastated毁坏；B.debilitated使虚弱；C.strove斗争；D.hesitated犹豫。空前一句说到2008年，拉泽已经接受了六次心脏手术，做了那么多次手术，他的身体一定极度虚弱，故B项正确。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己感觉更有力气，他决定改变饮食，在朋友的建议下，他开始多喝营养丰富的果汁。A.brighter聪明的；B.higher高的；C.happier快乐的；D.stronger有力气的、强壮的。空前一句说六次心脏手术使拉泽的身体极度虚弱，因此他想让自己觉得更有力气，故D项正确。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.pickup捡起；B.addup合计；C.switchup转换、改变；D.turnup出现。根据空后的“atthesuggestionofafriend,starteddrinkingmorenutrientpackedjuices.”可知，在朋友的建议下，他开始多喝营养丰富的果汁，这说明他决定改办自己的饮食，故C项正确。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他感觉好多了，可以系上（穿上）运动鞋，再次上路了。A.Eventually最后、终于；B.Normally正常地；C.Quickly很快；D.Strangely奇怪地。空前一句说在朋友的建议下，拉泽改变饮食，开始多喝营养丰富的果汁，经过一段时间的调整，最后他感觉好多了，故A项正确。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.putup张贴；B.laceup用带子束紧；C.takeon承担；D.controlwith控制。空前一句说最后拉泽感觉好多了，再结合空后的“hissneakers”可知，他可以系上（穿上）运动鞋（跑步）了，故B项正确。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.master大师；B.disease疾病；C.petitor对手；D.road路。根据上文中的“Lazerlovesrunning”可知，拉泽热爱跑步，因此此处指“穿上运动鞋上路（跑步）”，故D项正确。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：出院后，我的目标是不妥协。A.gettingoutof摆脱、从……中出来；B.returningto回到；C.runningoutof用完；D.droppingout退学。根据上文中的“By2008,Lazerhadundergonesixheart___2___,”可知，到2008年，拉泽已经先后六次住院做心脏手术，因此此处指“出院”，故A项正确。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.achieve达到；B.promise妥协；C.change改变；D.promote提升。空后一句说拉泽想过他想要的生活，这说明他拒绝妥协，故B项正确。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想过我想要的生活，那意味着继续跑步，并保持最好的状态。A.train训练；B.find发现；C.continue继续；D.start开始。根据文章第一句可知拉泽一直热爱跑步，空前一句又说他想过他想要的生活，这说明他要继续跑步，故C项正确。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉泽说：“我不想久坐在沙发上按遥控器（看电视）”。A.switch转换；B.play玩耍；C.fiddle摆弄；D.press按。根据空后的“theremote”可知，拉泽说他不想久坐在沙发上按遥控器（看电视），故D项正确。【33题详解】起跑线上。A.Besides况且；B.However然而；C.But但是；D.So所以。空前一句说对拉泽来说，这意味着跑步是他生活中的一个重要部分，所以在第六次手术几个月后他就又回到了赛场上，故D项正确。【34题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.from从；B.at在；C.on在……上；D.about关于。根据空后的“thestartinglineoftheLasVegas26.2”可知，第六次手术几个月后，拉泽又回到了拉斯维加斯26.2英里长跑比赛的起跑线上，onthestartingline表示“在起跑线上”，故C项正确。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年11月，他连续第十八次跨过终点线。A.consecutive连贯的、连续不断的；B.successful成功的；C.ordinary普通的；D.special特别的。根据上文内容可知，拉泽热爱跑步，第六次手术几个月后就回到了赛场上，此后他会一直参加长跑比赛，因此此处指“连续第十八次跨过终点线”，旨在突出他一直参加长跑比赛，故A项正确。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉泽认为跑步是他活得比医生预测的时间要长得多的主要原因之一。A.doubts怀疑；B.credits赞颂、归功于；C.hopes希望；D.ponders衡量。根据空后的“runningasoneofthemainreasonshe’slivedwellbeyondthatoneyearprognosis”可知，拉泽把自己能够活得比医生预测的时间要长得多归功于跑步，故B项正确。【37题详解】考查副词/代词词义辨析。句意：我相信我开始跑步的时候就知道，如果我不这样做，我就不会活得太久。A.somehow以某种方式、由于某种原因；B.anyone任何人；C.somebody某人；D.anyhow无论如何。根据空后的“knowingthatifIdidn’t,Iwouldn’tbelivingtoo___18___,”可知，我开始跑步的时候就知道，如果不跑步，我就不会活得太久，此处表示“以跑步这种方式、由于跑步这个原因”，故A项正确【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.late晚的；B.long久的；C.painful痛苦的；D.relaxed放松的。根据上文中的“Lazer___16___runningasoneofthemainreasonshe’slivedwellbeyondthatoneyearprognosishegotbackin2004.”可知，拉泽把自己能够活得比医生预测的时间要长得多归功于跑步，因此此处指“如果不跑步，他就不会活得太久”，故B项正确。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：跑步是我生命的一部分，我正在努力做到最好。A.thinking思考；B.struggling艰难地行进；C.braving勇敢面对；D.striving努力、力求。空前一句说跑步是我生命的一部分，因此我正在努力做到最好，故D项正确。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是我的精神支柱。A.drug药物；B.life生活；C.anchor精神支柱；D.entire全部。空前一句拉泽说跑步是他生命中非常重要的一部分，如果他受伤或者跑不动的话，他的生活就不能正常，这说明跑步时他的精神支柱，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第11空D项start干扰性较大，有些同学会认为拉泽开始跑步而误选此项，但根据文章第一句中的“Lazerlovesrunning”可知拉泽一直热爱跑步，这说明他在以前就已经开始跑步了，空前一句又说他想过他想要的生活，这说明他要继续跑步而不是开始跑步，即：我想过我想要的生活，那意味着继续跑步，并保持最好的状态。故C项（continue）正确。第二部分语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Litteriseverywhere，doinggreatharm___41___theenvironmentandlifeonourplanet.JeffKirschner，whowantstobuildalitterfreeworld，startedaglobalmunitynamedLitterati___42___(settle)thisproblem.Thestorybeganwithhis6yearolddaughter.Onedaytheyweregoingonahikewhenthegirlnoticeda___43___(break)plastictub(浴盆)inariver.Shesaid，“Daddy，thatdoesn’tgothere.”ThattookKirschnerbysurprise.He，likemanyadults，hadbeesousedtotherubbisharoundthemthathehadn’tgivenitasecondlook.___44___hisdaughtersaidremindedhimoftheseriousproblemourplanetfaces.Jeffstartedtotake___45___(act).HecreatedLitterati，anappthatmakesitfuntopickuplitter.Theideais___46___(fair)simple:Spotapieceoftrash，takeaphoto，postthephotoonlineandthenputthelitterintodustbins.___47___(see)thatJeffwaskeepingarecordofthepositiveimpacthewashavingontheplanet，peopleworldwidestartedparticipating.Uptonow，over2，500，000photospostedby3,500peoplefromover40countries___48___(find)theirwaytoLitterati’sdigitallandfill.Litteratiismorethananapp.Itisahighly___49___(effect)solutiontoapressingissue.Whereveryoulive，whateveryoudoand___50___youare，joinLitteratitomaketheworldacleanerandhealthierplacetolivein.【答案】41.to42.tosettle43.broken44.What45.action46.fairly47.Seeing48.havefound49.effective50.whoever【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在女儿的影响下JeffKirschner创办了一个名叫Litterati的app，鼓励人们清理垃圾保护环境。【41题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：垃圾到处都是，对我们的环境和生活有很大的坏处。动词短语doharmto意为“对…有害”，该短语的现在分词形式在句中做状语。所以句中要填介词to。【42题详解】考查不定式。句意：Kirschner想要建设一个没有垃圾的世界，为了解决这个问题，他开办了一个名为Litterati的全球社区。句中不定式短语tosettlethisproblem在句中做充当目的状语。所以句中要填不定式tosettle。【43题详解】考查形容词。句意：有一天，他们正在远足，在这时他的女儿注意到河里有一个坏了的塑料浴盆。形容词broken意为“坏了的”，在句中充当定语，修饰plastictub。所以要填broken。【44题详解】考查主语从句。句意：他的女儿说的话提醒了他我们的星球所面临的这个严重的问题。句中what引导主语从句并在句中充当动词said的宾语。所以