高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语(新高考)专题2 NO.3　易错防范•明辨“陷阱”不丢分

高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024专题二七选五NO.3易错防范•明辨“陷阱”不丢分易错点1易错点2目录索引0102易错点303七选五选项的设置兼顾语篇、段落和句际三个方面,选项可分为主旨句(段落整体内容)、过渡句(文章结构)和细节句(上下文逻辑)三类。

干扰项往往也从这三个方面设置,如主旨句过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构,细节句与上下文脱节等,这就对考生提出了更高的要求。七选五是许多考生心中的一条“梗”,为什么这么说呢?因为该题型出现错误时常是“连环夺命杀”,不错则已,一错到底!易错点1不能只看同词复现,要结合前后句逻辑七选五上下文语境中往往出现原词复现、同义词、近义词表达,这是考生解题的一个重要线索,但是也不能“一叶障目,不见森林”。考生往往看到词汇复现就选答案,而忽视了设空处也有可能是考查句子间的逻辑。因此,只有真正理解文章的主旨大意,弄清楚前后句子的确切含义,然后才能根据意义的连贯性从七个选项中选出正确答案。最后要将所选的选项代入原文,看短文语言是否通顺,逻辑是否合理,从而验证答案。[典例]

(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)38.The

food

is

so

delicious

that

you

don’t

need

much

of

it

to

make

you

happy.French

strawberries

do

not...flavor

bombs.

39

On

our

first

morning

in

Paris,I

went

around

the

corner

to

the

food

market

to

pick

up

some

groceries.I

bought

a

handful

of

perfectly

ripe

small

strawberries

and

a

little

sweet

melon.My

husband

and

I

agreed

they

were

the

best

fruit

we

had

ever

eaten.But

they

cost

$18!

A.Not

all

the

customers

are

tourists.B.The

quality

of

life

in

France

is

equally

excellent.C.There

was

a

nice

kitchen

and

a

comfortable

bed.D.The

amazing

food

is

mainly

consumed

by

local

farmers.E.That’s

not

the

only

reason

the

French

eat

less

than

we

do.F.Our

aim

was

to

see

if

we

could

live,in

some

way,like

real

Parisians.G.The

food

is

so

delicious

that

you

don’t

need

much

of

it

to

make

you

happy.▶分析

上一段讲述巴黎的食物非常美味,人们吃一点就很满足。空后讲作者和丈夫发现巴黎的食物很贵,暗含上一段所述情况不是法国人吃得少的唯一原因。考生往往看到原词出现“the

food”而误选D项或G项。[自主解答]

E易错点2不能只看设空位置,要跳出段落看逻辑句子在段落中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式,正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空上下文的提示作用来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。但是考生不能只看设空位置,一定要跳出段落看逻辑关系来游刃有余地解题。位置1设空在段首[典例](2021全国乙卷)

36

,if

you’re

out

of

your

comfort

zone

or

if

you’re

wandering

into

somebody’s

house

for

the

first

time.So

the

main

thing

is

just

to

show

up

and

be

adventurous,trying

different

foods

and

talking

to

strangers.

A.How

do

you

know

the

hostB.The

first

step

is

to

go

exploringC.If

you

ask

the

question

“How

did

you

get

here?”D.Be

prepared

to

have

awkward

conversations

with

strangersE.Or

turn

the

conversation

into

a

topic

where

they

have

little

to

sayF.What

about

that

person

who

has

had

too

much

to

drink

or

won’t

stop

talkingG.He

or

she

is

the

person

who

is

feeling

the

weight

of

that

awkwardness

the

most▶分析

根据空后的“if

you’re

out

of...for

the

first

time”可知,空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关,再结合下文的“just

to

show

up...talking

to

strangers”可知,要现身(宴会),并敢于冒险,去尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈。在做此题时,除了要关注设空位置,还要结合空格后面的句子才能最终确定答案。[自主解答]

点拨

考生在解答段首句题目时,不要仅局限于主旨句、总结句和过渡句,而是应利用上一段尾句和空后第一、二句确定相关信息词,从而确定正确答案。B位置2设空在段中[典例](2021全国乙卷)And

what

about

that

other

dinner-party

killer:awkward

silence?If

you’re

faced

with

an

awkward

silence

at

a

dinner

party,the

only

thing

that

always

gets

everyone

talking

again

is

to

give

the

host

a

compliment

(赞扬).

40

.Just

quickly

turn

around

and

say,“This

cake

is

extremely

delicious

and

you

have

to

tell

me

all

about

it.”

D.Be

prepared

to

have

awkward

conversations

with

strangersG.He

or

she

is

the

person

who

is

feeling

the

weight

of

that

awkwardness

the

most▶分析

本题设空类型属于段中细节句。空前一句中的关键词语“an

awkward

silence”和“the

host”分别与G项中的“that

awkwardness”和“He

or

she

is

the

person”呼应。D项虽然也有关键词复现,但是不符合前后句语境和文章大意。[自主解答]

点拨

考生在解答段中句题目时,不要仅局限于过渡句,而有可能是细节句,所以要注意前后句的逻辑关系,从而确定正确答案。G位置3设空在段尾[典例1](2021浙江卷1月)You

run

into

the

grocery

store

to

pick

up

one

bottle

of

water.You

get

what

you

need,head

to

the

front,and

choose

the

line

that

looks

fastest.You

chose

wrong.People

who

you

swear

got

in

other

lines

long

after

you

are

already

checked

out

and

off

to

the

parking

lot.

31

It

turns

out,it’s

just

math

working

against

you;chances

are,the

other

line

really

is

faster.A.Why

does

this

always

seem

to

happen

to

you?E.How

high

is

the

probability

that

you

are

in

the

fastest

waiting

line?▶分析

本题设空类型属于段尾过渡句。上文提到你明明选了看上去最快的队伍,但是那些站在其他队伍中远远在你之后的人都先结账离开了,下文分析这种现象是概率问题。由此可推断,此空应是提出问题“为什么这种事好像总是发生在你身上?”承接上文,并引出下文,阐明文章主题。[自主解答]

A[典例2]

(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Even

the

most

successful

public

speaker

will

make

mistakes.Yet,the

only

one

who

cares

about

any

mistake

is

the

one

who

is

speaking.People’s

attention

wanders

constantly.In

fact,most

people

only

absorb

about

20

percent

of

a

speaker’s

message.So,don’t

stop

speaking

when

you

make

a

mistake

unless

it’s

a

truly

serious

one.

18

B.You

want

to

be

an

effective

public

speaker.C.You

don’t

need

to

apologize

for

a

minor

slip.E.The

objective

of

most

speeches

is

to

benefit

the

audience.▶分析

本题为细节句。由本段第一句(即使是最成功的演说家也会犯错误)和第四、五句(事实上,大多数人只大约吸收了演讲者信息的20%。所以,当你犯错误时,不要停止演讲,除非是非常严重的错误)可知答案。而且C选项中的a

minor

slip对应第五句中的a

truly

serious

one。[自主解答]

点拨

考生在解答段尾句题目时,不要仅局限于总结句,而有可能是过渡句或者细节句,所以要注意前后句的逻辑关系,从而确定正确答案。C易错点3不能只看上下句,要结合段落扣主题七选五语篇组织得很严谨,段落与段落之间逻辑分明,往往每一段都只讲整个文章的一方面,或只交代整个过程的一部分或一个环节,每一段作用不同,每一段中不同部分也各有其功能和作用。因此,考生答题时,不能只看上下句,要结合段落扣主题;一定要准确地理解文章脉络,把握语篇整体内容和基本结构,厘清上下文的逻辑和语义衔接关系,使补全的短文逻辑通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。[典例]

(2022全国乙卷)Friendship

needs

care

and

attention

to

keep

it

in

good

health.Here

are

five

ways

to

sustain(保持)

long-distance

friendships.·Set

a

regular

dateLong-lasting

friendships

share

the

characteristic

that

both

sides

equally

contact

(联系)

and

share

with

one

another.With

busy

schedules,squeezing

in

phone

calls

can

be

a

challenge.

36

.

C.It

is

also

helpful

for

you

to

be

a

friendship

keeperD.Try

to

find

a

time

that

works

for

both

of

you

and

stick

to

it▶分析

空前提到双方忙碌,可能会难以找到时间打电话。根据该段小标题“Set

a

regular

date”可知,此段主要建议朋友间设定一个固定时间来联系,所选项应紧扣这个段落主题。做题时,若只关注空格上下句,很容易错选,还要紧扣段落主题确定最终答案。[自主解答]

D课堂应用A(2021新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Iftheonlyreadingyoueverdoisthenovelormagazine,thespeedatwhichyoureadprobablydoesnotmatterverymuch.Butifyouhavetoreadagreatdealforstudy,youwillappreciatethebenefitsofbeingabletoreadmorequickly.

1

·Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.Youneedaseatwhichsupportsyourbackandthebookshouldbeattherightdistancefromyoureyes.

2

·

3

Lookatthetableofcontents,thepreface,thechapterheading,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutodecidewhetheryoureallyneedtoreadthewholebookoronlycertainpartsofit.Tenminutesspentinthiswaycouldsaveyouquitealotoftimeinthelongrun.

·Ifyoudecidethatyouneedtoreadthewholebook,decidehowmuchyoucanreadatatime.

4

Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasiertoreadthanonedealingwithscientificsubjects.Intheformercaseyoumaybeabletoreadachapter.Inthelatteryoumayonlybeabletoreadonepage.

·Alwayskeepapencilandpaperbesideyou.

5

Notealsothefactsimportantforyourpurposeaswellasanythingwhichleadsyoutofurtherresearch.Youdon’thavetowritethesethingsindetail.Itisenoughtoputthepagenumberandoneortwowordsasareminder.

A.Stoptohavearestnowandthen.B.Spendafewminuteslookingthroughthebook.C.Thisdependsonthetypeofbookyouarereading.D.Herearesometipstohelpimproveyourreadingspeed.E.Makeanoteofanypagewhichisofspecialimportance.F.Youmayfindyourselfhavingtolearnsomethingbyheart.G.Keeptheroomcoolratherthanwarmtoavoidfeelingsleepy.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在学习中面对大量需要阅读的材料或者书籍时,可以提高阅读速度的几种方法。1.D

解析

设空处上文提到“But

if

you

have

to

read

a

great

deal

for

study,you

will

appreciate

the

benefits

of

being

able

to

read

more

quickly.”下文又介绍了几种能够提高阅读速度的方法。故设空处的句子应承接上文并引出下文的建议。D项(此处是一些帮助你提高阅读速度的建议)符合语境。2.G

解析

设空处前介绍了选择合适的座位及与书本之间保持合适的视距,这两者都与感觉舒适有关。G项(为避免感到困倦,要保持房间凉爽而不是温暖)也与身体感觉舒适有关,符合语境。3.B

解析

再结合设空处后的“Look

at

the

table

of

contents,the

preface,the

chapter

heading,etc.”可知,本段讲的是要浏览书本的大概内容。B项(花几分钟浏览下这本书)为本段的主旨概括,符合语境。3.B

解析

再结合设空处后的“Look

at

the

table

of

contents,the

preface,the

chapter

heading,etc.”可知,本段讲的是要浏览书本的大概内容。B项(花几分钟浏览下这本书)为本段的主旨概括,符合语境。4.C

解析

设空处后举例说明历史书与科学书因题材不同而造成每次的阅读量不同,C项(这取决于你正在读的书的类型)中的This指代上文中的“how

much

you

can

read

at

a

time”且能呼应下文,为承上启下的句子,符合语境。B(2020全国Ⅱ卷)Emoji(表情符号)

and

Workplace

CommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.

6

.It’sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.

Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.

7

,encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.

Inanygivenoffice,employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,andfindingcommongroundincommunicationstylecanbeachallenge.

8

.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲线).Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.

Thereisalsothematteroftone(语气).Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?

9

.Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevena