雅思考点词-考点替换词-高频同义词

雅思考点词一考点替换词—高频同义词汇总

A/G雅思考试出题考点词，考点替换词，同义词汇总：（十分重要实用）

叶毅斌雅思捷径-剑桥真题中同义替换词和考点

雅思阅读题目出题的木质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者

招从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词，替换词，一次

多义总结：

1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/littlechange僵硬的，一■成不变的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/

巨大的，明显的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately将近-nearly,almost

4.proportion/percentage比例

5.beinvolved（in）/involvein/involvement[n.]涉及,卷入,参与

6.given/considering,inregardto/despite/although有鉴于

考虑到，尽管

6.induce[v]引入，引导，引诱/inductive[n]归纳><deduce/deductive推断

7.fortune/destiny/chances

8.deplete开采完，耗尽/exhaust-exhaustemission（尾气）排放/exploit

9plex错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的

10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）

11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure（insure）/guarantee押金

12.solely/merely/only

13.avastarrayof系列/agreatvarietyof花样，品种/agreatrang系列of

14.pesticide杀虫/suicide自杀/homicide/murder杀人

15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose

16.授权，委托：authorize/commission佣金/entitle头衔+ment=right（权

利）

17.purchase/buy

18.ethnic种族的/ethic伦理，道德的+s=[n]

19.modify/change[v]shiftwork轮班工作[n]

20.insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict限制/limit

22.circumstance环境（社会）/surroundings/environment环境（环保）背景

background后台/settings后台，布景/context上下文（文章中）

23.notorious臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的Xfragrant香的

24.移民：immigrant（进来）/emigrant（出去）/migrant

25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口,行业）/flourishing

26.神圣的:divine/heavenly/holy/sacred

27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic（in-,non-无毒的）

28.致命的:deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal

29.类似于：looklike/resemble

30.chronic长期的，慢性的一long-term长期的

31.网恋：virtuallove/cyberlove

32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chatonline/goon-line

cybercaf6/网吧

33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution革命，旋转/involve-involution

卷入，涉及

34.indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测

35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray

36.therapist/expert/specialist

37.优点,长处,美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length

38.commonest/frequent

39.未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped

40.退化：degenerate/-tion[n]->generate生产，制造/degrade->grade等级/

deteriorate恶化，每况愈下

41.分类：category-categorize/class-classify

42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/

frequency频率

43.clash冲突(民族,种族)/crash飞机坠毁

44.substitution=)substitutesthforsb/replace

45.alternative^选择性,代替性，辅助性

46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->bealiento/insulate

(-ior)绝缘，隔热(体)

47.缺点，不足之处:defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback

48.创新的，发明的,新颖的,创新的：inventive(-tion)/innovative(-tion)/

creative(-tion)/ingenious(ity)/novel(-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary

易错拼写：environment/convenient

49.neutral中立的,中性的/negative否定,消极,阴性的/positive肯定，积

极，阳性的

50.ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧味的/obscure

51municate沟通，传达,通报

52.accommodate1供...食宿,2=adaptto适应，调整，3二hold容纳,4使…停靠

53mitment1〜tosth奉献2责任，义务

54.contributeto导致〜resultin/accountfor(占据)导致

54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack(of)/short(of)

55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focuson/concentrateon

明显的：apparently显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=)evidently

56.对•••怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious(about/of)

57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/

shortcoming/flaw

58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous

59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization

60.超过：exceed/surpass

61.岩浆：moltenrock/lava/magma

62.语言：linguist”学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语

63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/species

breed：［n］品种，［v］繁殖，培养，引起，造成

64.dialect方言accent腔调

65•开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial(~ly)［v］首字母，开始的/initiate

开始,发动->initiative原创性二origin

66.贫穷：poor/inpoverty/impoverished(被剥夺财产的)

67.杰出：eminence(-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual

68.gene/geneticdefect~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩

69.辅助性:alternative补充性/therapist

70.演绎,推理：deduce->deductive/inferential><induce引导,引入，归纳->

induction归纳

71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing

72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于

73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary

74.afactorinsth/dependonsth

75.bepreferredby/choice

76.attitudeto/how

77.thepresentcentury/modernsociety

78.broad/great

79.intermof按照，在…方面,关于/withregardto,inspiteof不顾，尽管

80.small-scale小范围/marginal边缘处的

81.physical/medical

82.negotiation/agreement谈判，洽谈/商定,协议

83.evolve/develop

84.apartment/accommodation公寓/住房

85.virtual（love）/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟

86.catastrophe/disaster大灾难/灾难，不幸

87.innovate/invent革新，创新/发明，创造

sculpture/craft雕刻，雕塑/工艺

88.exorbitant/expensive过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的

89.beparticipantin/takepartin/participatein

90.labour［美，澳］/work

91.attendto/takecareof

92.dualemployment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）

93.indicate/predict指示，表明，象征/预料，预言

Amajorcontributorto/becentralto来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因

94.expert/therapist专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家

95.leadto/beassociatedwith相联系（带来…的好处）

96.balanced/equitable平等的

97.handicap/disabled/primitive残疾的，落后的

98.couldnot-andcannot/hasalwaysbeenunableto

by/from

99.benefit/advantage

100.substantialinfluence/greaterlikelihood

101.agreeon/define

102.considereddesirable/effectiveness

103.masquerade/(in)disguise伪装

104.insignificant/dicin'tseriously不重要/不严重的

105.inspect/examine审核，检查

106.caliber/criterion标准

107.no-oneknowXnotorious无人知晓X臭名昭著的

108.dissatisfy/argue不满意/厌恶，讨厌

109.pessimism/negative/blueXoptimistic悲观的，忧郁的X乐观的

110.unsatisfactory/hardlybelookedupon

111.identify/define

112.turn,"into/become

113.urban/rural/suburban

114.demolish/knockdown/dismantle毁坏，拆毁(建筑物)/敲,打

115.migration/move迁移/移动

116.pay/chargesbfor向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉

117.separate/split分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开

118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v])迷住，吸引住

119.notrequire/unnecessary不需要/不必要

120.decode/decipher译解(密码)，解释

121.delay/drawback二disadvantage耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端

122.association/organization机构，关联/组织

123.*recent/current/nowadays/present最近的/现代的/当今的/现在

124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放

125.recognized/identified承认,识别,认可/识别,鉴别

126.aimto/focuson针对，目标，打算/集中

127.link…to/leadto连接/导致，通向

128.inadequate(diet)/deficiency(intraceminerals)不充分,不适当的/缺

乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的

130.seize/catch捕捉,抓住

131.fatal/lethal致命的

132.successon/runningon成功

133.costly/berelatedby有关系的

134.beobtainedin/bederivedin获得,流行，通用/由…产生，起源于

135.high-income/wealthy高收入的/富裕的

136.bealike/besimilarto相同的,相似的

137.indicate/show显示,指出，象征

138.eliminate/lessen><消除/减少

139.notrisensignificantly/stagnate停滞不前的

140.salary/wage工资：总称/蓝领的

141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加

efficiently/increasedproductivity有效率的/上升的生产率

142.economy/financial经济

143.administration/management

144.(be)sympathetic/understand同情的,赞同/理解

145.introduce/involve引入/卷入

146.change/different

147.die><exist死亡><存在

148.almost/approximately

149.beoutofdate/bedeveloped

150.solve/reduce减少

151.famous/eminent

152.barrier/hurdlel53.higherposition/toppost

154.Advantage:virtue,merit,benefit,positiveaspect,strength,好处，优点,

长处

155.Disadvantage:weakness,failing,weakness,defect,drawback,negative

aspect,fault不利，缺点，缺陷

156.Casual:arbitrary,unplanned,unexpected,随意的

157.Effective:efficient,effectual,fruitful,productive,valid多效的

158.Criticize:reproach,blame,批评

159.Flaw:weakness,defect缺点

160.Ability;capability,power,caliber能力

161.Dishonest:deceptive不诚实的

162.Fair:equitable,equal,impartial,公平的

163.Success:achievement,feat成功

164.Reason:factor,contributor,origin,原因

165.Result:outcome,consequence,implication结果

166.Resultfrom:arisefrom,originatefrom,bedueto,thanksto,由于，因

为

167.Giveriseto:contributeto,leadto,resultin,cause,breed,create,

incur导致

168.Disaster:catastrophe灾难

169.Pollute:contaminate污染

170.Poisonous:toxic有毒的

171.Decrease;fall,drop,plunge,decline,stepback,downward,minimize,

abateTIW172.Increase:rise,goup,surge,grow,上升

173.Growing:increasing,rising,上升的

剑桥四阅读考点替换词

名词：

1.thedestructionofrainforests（原文）--thelossoftherainforests

2.rainforestconservation（原文）—therainforeststobeprotected

3.thegeographicallocation—wheretherainforestswere

4.courtshipritual一mating

5.feeding—eating

6.youngpeople—teens

7.highstanding一highopinion

8.takecourses—retrain

9.domesticbuilding—dwellings

10.economicprogress——economicgrowth

形容词：

1.Rudimentary—underdeveloped

2.Well-developed—bestdeveloped

3.Surprised—takenaback

4.beloathto/beconservativeabout—bereluctantto

4.chronic—1ong-term

5.Awareness—conscious

6.basic-fundamental

动词：

1.Resemble一makesimilarchoices/looklike2.chooseentrepreneurship一set

uptheirownbusiness

3.makeunbiasedstatements一commentobjectivelyon

4.dealonlywith—focuson

5.bederivedfrom-begainedfrom

6.breakrecords一setnewrecords

7prehend—explain

8.bebrokendown—besubdivided

9.predict一estimate

10.theelderly—elderlypeople

副词：Withtremendousforce—violently

AB相关替换

1.mediacoverage-Newspaperandtelevision

2.Acurveinsidethecircle—asymbol

3.Governmentpolicy—governmentinitiative

4.Agrowinginterestinculturalidentity-increasingappreciation

5.Bilingualism—morethanonelanguage

6.Facialexpression—bodylanguage

7.Nutriment—diet

8.Pots,toolsandweapons—objects

关系替换：

1.Peoplecanlearn***-itcanteachpeople***

2.AdependsonB—BaffectA

剑桥雅思真题456中的替换关系

Recognize=identify

Ethical=Moral

plentyof=Considerab1e=significantamountof

Almostcertainly=littledoubt

Modification=change=alteration二adjust

Better=Improve（方向词）

Live=residence二inhabitant

first=initial二primary

Important=worthytrying=significant二essential

People=mortal二human=mankind

Reflect=feature二represent

•Legitimate=haverightto

•longterm=chronic

•Interest(forborrowing)二slightlymoremoney•Feasible=practical

•Susceptible=allergicpredisposedvulnerable

•mistaken=misconception=confusion=misunderstanding•haveyettodetermine

=yetnotknown

•releasestress/tension=(psychictensionis)punctured二•

Diversity=variety

•accompanying=with•Aesthetic=beautiful

•Rigid=notyielding

focuson=emphasize=narrowdown

雅思高频同义词

☆artificial

synthetic,fabricated,contrived,fake,mock,bogus,counterfeit,pseudo

☆conventional

traditional,historical,past;accepted,common,regular,routine,

mainstream,ordinary

☆demand

request,claim,need,order,require,callfor

☆decline

decrease,degeneration,drop,fall,recession,depression,reduction,slump,

worsening

☆develop

evolve,advance,grow,improve,progress,flourish

☆difficulty

handicap,hardship,adversity,challenge,complication,dilemma,perplexity,

plight,trouble☆early

first,old,ancient,primitive,previous,former,remote

☆find

discover,comeacross,encounter,hiton,expose,notice,note,observe,

recognize,spot,uncover☆future

what'snext,prospect,approaching,expected,destined,forthcoming

☆how

describe,operate,explain,clarify,demonstrate,eludicate,expound,

illustrate,interpret,accountfor

☆inevitable

unavoidable,certain,destined,fated,inescapable,sure

☆militant

armed,belligerent,army,weapon,warlike

☆objection

commercialchallenge,complaint,disapproval,opposition,protest,query,

question,remonstration☆obstacle

bar,barricade,barrier,block,blockage,check,obstruction,problem,snag,

hurdle

☆prevalent

common,usual,prevailing,widespread,systematic,collective,general,

popular

☆reduce

curtail,cut,decrease,halve,impair,lessen,moderate,trim,slash

☆role

function(provide,support,weaken,smooth,solve),job,position,duty,

post,task,contribution☆recent

modern,current,now,nowadays,today,contemporaneous,new,novel,present,

up-to-date☆simulate

virtual,create,reproduce,pretend,imitate

☆significanceimportance,milestone,impact,justification,gist,

implication,point,purport,vitalbusiness,economic,financial,mercantile,

profitable,pecuniary

☆worldwide

international,cosmopolitan,global,universal,ubiquitous,widespread,

aroundtheworld解决：solve,resolve,dealwith,copewith,handle,tackle

消除：getridof,eradicate,eliminate

依赖：relyon,dependon,counton

十分：verymuch,immensely,hugely,largely,greatly,enormously,

tremendously

损害：damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair

给予：give,offer,render,impart,provide

发展：develop,cultivate,foster

优势：advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength

缺陷：disadvantage,detect,demerit,drawback,downside,

雅思剑桥5阅读替换词

AB相似替换：同义词

Timelimit—deadline

Confersth.On—bringsth.To

Beassociatedwith一establishment/belinkedto

Built-in—biological

Expect—predict

Help—haveapositiveeffecton

Advantageoustrait—positivesurvivalmechanism

Getworse—takeapessimisticview

Slowdown—restrict

Providewhat…wants—meet…'sexpectation

Urgent—mostpressing

Whenheated一underheat

Thefirst—inorigin

Extract—remove

Dub一consider

Bepuncturedby一releaseofnervousenergy

-ah,ahIInoise—particularnoise

demanding—moredifficult

outlook一subjectiveview

how,,works—theoperationof

revolution-development

AB关系替换：

Sth.PrevailuponKingGeorgeIIIto-begrantedsth.Bytheking

剑5第一套

Passage1第二段

compilev.编辑，编纂

write•compile•compose

concentratev.集中，关注

payattention•concentrate•concentration•keepyourmindon•keepyour

eyeson,takenotice/note•attentive•attentionspan

conveyv.传达，传递

express•convey•communicate,say•getsomethingover•putsomething

intowords/findthewordstosay

第三段

definev.定义……

meaning•sense•significance•definition•connotation•define

circumscribev.限制，约束

Tolimitpower,rights,orabilities[=restrict]:

conquerv.征月艮

defeat,overwhelm•annihilate•rout•bringsomebodytotheirknees•

conquer

holdback•stifle•suppress•overcome/conquer

第五段

stationv.驻扎，静坐

send•packoff•dispatch/despatch•sendin•sendout•beposted•be

stationed

第六段

filev.把文件或资料归档

keep•store•keepsomethingonfile•file•keeparecord/keeprecords

rivalv.对抗，与...抗衡

competitor•rival•thecompetition

第八段

ascertainv.确定

check•checkout•makesure/makecertain•double-check•verify•confirm

•ascertainPassage2第一段

obeyv.遵守，遵从

obey•complywith•abideby•keepto•sticktotherules•conformto•

observe,respect•toetheline•gobythebook/dosomethingbythebook

第二段

administerv.控制,施加

Tomanagetheworkormoneyofacompanyororganization

simulatev.模拟

Tomakeorproducesomethingthatisnotrealbuthastheappearanceor

feelingofbeingreal

emitv.释放出,发出...的声音

sendout•giveout,giveoff•emit•radiate•cast/throw

makeasound/makeanoise•go•with•gooff•emit•letout

writhev.因剧痛而蠕动，扭动身体

fidget•carTtkeepstill•squirm•wriggle•writhe•twitch

denouncev.谴责，指责

voice/express/showetcyourdisapproval•condemn•denounce•deplore

第三段

unfoldv.展开

open,unwrap,unfold•unroll

posev.带来,提出ask

balkv.畏缩不前，犹豫

Tonotwanttodoortrysomething,becauseitseemsdifficult,unpleasant,

orfrighteningquestionv.质疑

question•interrogate•cross-examine•carryoutdoor-to-doorinquiries•

behelpingpolicewiththeirinquiries

第四段

anticipatev.预测

expect•think•anticipate

第五段

flusterv.使不安，使紧张，使困惑

Tomakesomeonenervousandconfusedbymakingthemhurryorinterrupting

them:

第六段

dischargev.放电，释放

Ifapieceofelectricalequipmentdischarges,orifitisdischarged,it

sendsoutelectricityevolvev.演变，进化

develop•evolve

第七段

evokev.引发，引起

remindsomebodyof•makesomebodythinkof•bring/calltomind•bea

reminder,bringbackmemories/takesomebodyback•evoke•evocative,come

floodingback

第八段

mergev.合并,混合

combine•beamixtureofsomethingandsomething•bringtogether•blend•

mingle•mergeunite•teamup•gettogether•combine•joinforces•come

together•amalgamate•mergesurrenderv.投降，放弃

admit/acceptdefeat•givein•surrender,concede

第九段

forgov.放弃

dowithout/gowithout•denyyourself•abstain•forgo

dictatev.听写,控制，指挥

tell•order•asksomebodytodosomething•demand•insist•dictate

elucidatev.阐明，说明，解释

Toexplainsomethingthatisdifficulttounderstandbyprovidingmore

information

Passage3

第二段

starvev.使...挨饿

starving•starve•hungry•notgetenoughtoeat•half-starved•underfed

•malnourishedexaggeratev.夸大，夸张

exaggerate,blowsomething(up)outofallproportion•maketoomuchof•

overrated•overemphasize•overstate•bemelodramatic•layiton

associatev.与...相连

link•associate•makeaconnection•establishalink

beconnected/berelated•belinked•associated•have/besomethingtodo

with•beboundupwithsomething/gohandinhand

curev.治愈

cure•remedy•antidote

restrictv.限制，约束

1imit,restrict,set/impose/putalimit•keepto/keepwithin•confine•

fix

acceleratev.加速，加快

gofaster•speedup•pickup/gatherspeed•accelerate•quickenyourpace

•gain/gathermomentum

第三段

nurturev.培育，形成

nurture•foster

declinev.下降

godown/comedown•fall/drop•decrease•decline•reduction•cut•

plummet/plunge•taperoff•dwindle•slide•takeanosedive

第五段

overstatev.夸大

exaggerate•blowsomething(up)outofallproportion•maketoomuchof•

overrated•overemphasize•overstate•bemelodramatic•layiton

第六段

applyv.适用，应用

apply•claim•request•approach•putinfor•applicant,claimant

opposev.反对

beagainst/beopposedto•oppose•notagreewithsomething•notbelieve

insomething•anti-•hostile•antagonistic

第七段

meltv.融化

melt•dissolve•thaw•meltdown•molten•condense•soluble

diminishv.消失,减少

Tobecomeormakesomethingbecomesmallerorless[=reduce]:

第十段

experiencev.经历

happento•experience•gothrough•livethrough•know

postponev.推延，延迟

postpone•putoff•delay•bepushed/moved/putback•putsomethingon

ice/putsomethingonthebackburner•procrastinate

第十一段

buyv.买，争取（时间）

buy•get•purchase•snapup•pickup•splashouton•acquire

avoidv.避免

avoid,stayaway/keepaway•steerclearof,makeadetour

剑5第二套

Passage1第一段

patentv.申请专利

Toobtainaspecialdocumentgivingyoutherighttomakeorsellanew

inventionorproduct第二段

mouldv.铸造，塑造

form•mould•shape

engineerv.设计，加工

orchestrate•stage-manage•engineer•contrive

revertv.返回

startagain,gobackto/revertto•slipbackinto

第四段

abandonv.放弃，抛弃

giveup•quit•abandon•drop•leaveitatthat

amassv.累计，积累

accumulate•amass•gain

manufacturev.制造

make•produce•manufacture•mass-produce•churnout/turnout•create•

fashion•build•construct•assemble

第五段

outlinev.列举outline•sketchout

第六段

governv.受...限制

govern,run•rule•beinpower•beingovernment•holdoffice

extractv.抽取，提取

findout•getsomethingoutof•getinformation•extract•wormsomething

outof•dragsomethingoutof

taperv.逐渐变细，变尖

get/growthinnergetnarrower•taper

第七段

relishv.欣赏，品味

revelin•getakickoutof•relish•gloat•wallowin,takepleasurein

•delightin

despisev.鄙视，轻视

hate•hatesomebody'sguts•can〃tstand•detest•loathe•despise•

abhor

Passage2

第一段

temptv.引发

attract•tempt•seduce

dubv.称作

call•christen•dub

第二段

relyv.依靠，依赖

Totrustordependonsomeoneorsomethingtodowhatyouneedorexpect

themtodo[reliable,reliance]:

puncturev.戳破，化解

makeaholein•pierce•puncture•punch•drillahole

第五段

triggerv.引发,触发setoff•trigger/spark•precipitate

amusev.使愉快，开心

makesomebodylaugh•cracksomebodyup,raisealaugh•havesomebodyin

hysterics/stitches,amuse

第七段

trackv.追踪

follow•tail,be/sitonsomebody'stail,shadow•track/trail•hound•

stalk•stalker

accompanyv.伴随

with,together•alongwith•comewith•accompanying

第八段

tuckv.隐藏，蜷缩

put•slide•tuck•insert

第十段

milkv.挤奶，猎取

Totakemilkfromacoworgoat

第十一段

distortv.扭曲，歪曲

twist,misrepresent•distort•falsify•putwordsintosomebody'smouth,

cookthebooks•rewritehistory

Passage3

第一段

dominatev.统治,在...中拥有重要的位置

dominate•monopolize,monopoly•stranglehold•havetotal/complete

control•holdsway

第二段

renewv.重新开始，使复活，使更新

continue•startagain•goon•gobackto/returnto•resume•take

somethingupagain•pickup/takeupwhereyouleftoff•reopen•renew

第三段

adoptv.接受,采纳

adopt•foster•guardian•incare

publicizev.出版

advertise•promote•publicize•market•hype/hypeup•plug•sell•push

•announce•reportpromotev.促进,力口强

help•encourage•promote,aid•benefit•advance/further•beconducive

to,givesomethingaboost•befavourablefor/to

第六段

exploitv.探索

use•exploit•makeuseof•takeadvantageof•playon•capitalizeon

depositv.储存，堆积，放置，存放

put•place•leave•abandon•position•plantabomb/explosivesetc•

plant•lay•setdown•deposit

sealv.盖戳

blockup•plug/plugup•seal

restrictv.限制Jlimit•restrict•set/impose/putalimit•keepto/keep

within•confine•fix

第七段

delayv.拖延，延迟

delay,hold-up/holdup•bottleneck

第八段

engagev.参与，参加

Tobedoingortobecomeinvolvedinanactivity

fosterv.促进，加强

promote

第九段

inauguratev.创立

Toopenabuildingorstartanorganization,eventetcforthefirsttime:

第十段

estimatev.估计

guess•estimate,guesswork•speculation•speculative•conjecture

opposev.反对，抵制

beagainst/beopposedto•oppose•notagreewithsomething•notbelieve

insomething•anti-•hostile•antagonistic

institutev.建立

Tointroduceorstartasystem,rule,legalprocessetc

剑5第三套

Passage1

A段

arguev.争辩，坚决主张，认为

argue•quarrel•fight•haveafight•falloutwith•beateachother's

throats•clash

B段

claimv.宣称,表示

claim•maintain•assert•confirm•testify•swear•certify•insist•

protest•deny

expandv.扩充，扩展

getbigger•grow•expand•swellup•stretch

C段

acknowledgev.认可，承认

accept•recognize•acknowledge

observev.注意到,观察到

notice•cansee/cantell•Isee•spot•becomeaware/conscious•catch

somebody'seye•detect•note•observe•perceive

launchv.发起，进行

start•begin,getdownto•starton•setabout/settowork•proceedto

dosomething•settledownto•launchinto,embarkon/upon•cometo/grow

to/getto•getcracking

involvev.包括,涵盖,使...参与进来

involve•dragsomebodyinto•bringin

D段

bypassv.绕过...

Togoaroundatownorotherbusyplaceratherthanthroughit:

fosterv.促进

promote

E段

evaluatev.评估，评价

judge•assess•evaluate•critique

solvev.解决

solve•workout/figureout

F段

perpetuatev.延续，保持

continue/carryon•maintain•perpetuate,keepup•preserve

outlinev.罗列，列举

summary•outline•overview•rundown,precis•synopsis

indicatev.表明，暗示

point•indicate,gestureat/towards•pointout

Passage2

A段

erodev.腐蚀，侵蚀

wearaway•erode•corrode•rust/rustaway

scourv.用力擦洗,冲刷

brush,scrub•sweep•scour

B段

depositv.沉积，堆积

putin,deposit

accumulatev.累计，聚集

accu