江苏省南通市启东市吕四中学2025届高三英语下学期期初考试试题

PAGE12-江苏省南通市启东市吕四中学2025届高三英语下学期期初考试试题单选(总分20分)Withglobalizationsweepingtheworld,learningforeignlanguageswillbecomeincreasinglynecessaryifacountry_________economically.A.willcompete B.istocompete C.weretocompete D.competesThemostexcitingthingforhimwas____hefinallysucceededin____seemedtobethemostdifficultexamtohim.that;what B.that;which C.what;that D.what;whichHoweverbusyyouare,tryto______atleasthalfanhoureachdaytopracticelisteningandreading.putaway B.putupC.putof D.putasideWearealwayscreatingnewvirtualcommunicationplatformsforourselves,intentionallyorunintentionally,_________wetendtoforgetourtrueidentityintherealworld.A.which B.what C.where D.thatNotthatI’munwillingtolendyouahand,_______I’mtoobusyforthemoment.A.because B.butthat C.butfor D.howeverTheschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich.Well,lostagain!Itisnotveryimportant.We_____forgetaboutit.OK?A.can’tB.mightwellC.mightaswellD.oughttoLisahashadtostopdoingallthegardeningrecently,_____herbackproblem.onaccountofB.inresponseto C.withregardto D.bymeansofThere,______MrsSmith,showingherpupilshowtoputalogoontothenewtorch.A.standingontheplatformwas B.wasstandingonaplatformC.onaplatformwasstanding D.wasonaplatformstandingWhatdoyouthinkofthecontest?IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContest______successfullylastnight.A.wentalongB.wentdownC.wentoffD.wenton_____theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkitisagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.A.AsB.BecauseC.WhileD.whenMymostfamousrelativeofall,_______whoreallylefthismarksonAmerica,wasRebSussel,mygreat-grandfather.A.oneB.theoneC.heD.someoneIndonesia’sflagisbasedonanationalflag_______backtothe13thcentury_____had9redandwhitestripes.A.date;whichB.dates;whenC.dated;thatD.dating;thatIhave£20000andIneed£25000butmyparentshavepromisedto______thedifference.A.makeforBmakeup.C.makeout D.makeoffAdvertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication______theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.A.inthat B.which C.what D.becauseofInparticular,weassociateancientGreekcivilizationwiththecapitalcityofAthens,_________istheAcropolis.A.thegreatestsymbolofwhich B.ofwhichgreatestsymbol C.whosethegreatestsymbol D.ofwhosegreatestsymbolHowabouteighto’clockoutsidethecinema?That______mefine.A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suitsThetheoryhe’sstuck_____usthatearthquakescanbeforecast.A.toproveB.toprovesC.toprovestoD.whichtoprove__________hisfinancialproblems,hiswifealsolefthim,whichmadehimverydepressed.A.Exceptfor B.Thanksto C.Ontopof D.ExceptMum,we’vesearchedatleast5stores,butstillcannotfindonethatsuitsmytaste.Bepatient,dear.____________.A.Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.B.One’smeatisanotherman’spoison.C.Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistool.D.Thelionisnotsofierceasheispainted.完形填空（总分20分）IreadaboutanathletewhomadeitallthewaytotheOlympicsdespitehatinghischosensport.Hecommittedhisentirelifeto36onetiny,yetlarge,sentence—I’mproudofyou.Atsomepointweallhavesomeonewewantto37,whoseapprovalmeanstheworldtous.IhaveaclearmemoryofthepersonIwantedapprovalfromtellingmeIwasintelligent,thekindofmemorythatstaysveryclearbecauseyou’verecalleditsomanytimes.Ihad38someone’sopinionaboutbuyingaCanadiansoda.“Weshouldreallysupportourowneconomy,”ten-year-oldmesaid.Ihadnoideawhatthatmeant,39Iwaslookedatwithapproval,andmyheartwasfilledwith40.Ilovedthatfeeling—theapprovalofmyhero.ItwasnothingliketheOlympicathlete,butImadesomeverybig41basedonwhatmightmakethem42.Iwashugelyaffectedbywantingtheirapproval.Monthsagothispersonremovedmefromhislife.Ithurtalot.However,inlifethereisrarelyhurt43growth.Irecently44onmyselfandmybehaviorandnoticedsomething—Ifeelfree.Afteraperiodofdenyingandupset,I45thatthisisjusthowitis.ThisrealizationmademeseehowoftenIwastransformingmyselfaccordingtothe46,“Whatwouldtheythink?”I’dbeenusingthedesireforapprovalasan47excuseforhiding.MyexcusewasgoneimmediatelyIrealizedit48.Itwastimeto49stepintomyselfandstophidingwhoIamfromothers.Areyouhiding?Ihidinapproval-seeking.Maybeyouhidebehindjudgment.Weallhaveourways,anditcanbereallyscarytolet50go.Thethingis,51,aslongaswepreventourselvesbeingtrulyseen,wewillneverbetrulyunderstood.Connectionwithotherswon’tbewhollyauthentic,andwewilleditourselvesbecausewe52potentialthoughtsinotherpeople’sheads.It’spretty53.Ofcourse,breakingupisn’t54whenyouexpecttobefreedfromwantingsomeone’sapproval.Youdon’tevenhavetotellthemyounolongercarewhattheythinkofyou.Just55anddowhatmakesyouhappyandgoforthethingsyoureallywantinlife.Doyourthing,andletthemdotheirs.36.A.searching B.seeking C.making D.reading37.A.love B.upset C.please D.annoy38.A.shared B.assessed C.analyzed D.parroted39.A.so B.but C.as D.for40.A.disappointment B.depression C.satisfaction D.amazement41.A.profits B.statements C.decisions D.preparations42.A.cozy B.healthy C.wise D.proud43.A.with B.without C.by D.through44.A.reflected B.dawned C.counted D.experimented45.A.assumed B.accepted C.anticipated D.argued46.A.opinion B.concept C.thought D.reason47.A.unconscious B.unforgettable C.unpleasant D.unbelievable48.A.existed B.rose C.faded D.disappeared49.A.physically B.precisely C.automatically D.authentically50.A.them B.it C.us D.you51.A.therefore B.instead C.though D.eventually52.A.miss B.fear C.doubt D.advocate53.A.appealing B.scarce C.silly D.inspiring54.A.impossible B.necessary C.important D.abundant55.A.lookout B.hurryup C.holdon D.goahead阅读理解（总分30）AAtpresent,therearefivenetworkfirms—ChinaTelecom,ChinaUnicom,JitongCommunications,ChinaNetcomandChinaMobile—thatareallowedtooperateIPservicesinChina.Eachcompanyhasitsadvantagesinservice.Charge：AstheministryofInformationIndustryco-ordinates(合作),thechargesofIPcallsofthefivecompaniesarethesame,0.30yuanperminuteforDDDcalls,4.80yuanperminuteforIDDcalls,2.50yuanforcallsfromthemainlandtoHongKong,Macao,andTaiwan,and4.50yuanfromShenzhentoHK,ZhongshanandZhuhaitoMacao.IPcallersdon’tenjoydiscounts(折扣)onholidays.Range：ChinaTelecomhasthewidestcoverage.AllcitiesinChinawithtelephoneaccess(通路)andmostcountriesintheworldareopentoChinaTelecom’sIPcard.ChinaUnicom’sIPcardreach29citiesnationwideandmorethan130countriesandregionsworldwide,Jitong’IPcanaccess12citiesinChinaandover70countiresandregionsworldwide.ChinaNetcom’sIPcardcanreach14citiesinChina,and149countriesandregionsinthewourld.ChinaMobile’sIPcardisopentoonlysixcitiesnationwidebutcanaccessmorethan200countriesandregionsworldwide.ChinaTelecomrealizesitsIPservicebythepublicInternet,thereforenetcongestion（拥挤）andvoicedelaymaysometimesdisturbconversations.Theotherfourcompanieshavetheirprivatedatanetworks,whichhelptoincreasetransmissionspeedimprovevoicequality.Otherservices：ChinaTelecom,JitongandChinaMobileofferaccounttransferservices.Userscantransfertheremainingsumofmoneyononecardtoanothercard.JitongandNetcomlinktheirserviceswithbankcards.OnecanenjoyIPservicewithoutanIPcard.BankcarduserscanmakeIPphonecallstheircardnumbers.Sotheyneedn’tbuynewIpcardsandrememberthenewnumbersagainandagain.Asforcustomerservice,ChinaTelecom,ChinaUnicomandChinaMobileprovidefreehotlineservice,whileJitongandNetcomchargefortheirservices.1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．OrganizationofthefiveIPfirms.B．DifferencebetweenthefiveIPfirms.C．FoundationofChina’sfiveIPfirmsD．DevelopmentofChina’sfiveIPfirms2．Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?A．Chinaofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?B．ChinaMobile’scoverageistheleastofthefivefirms.C．ChinaTelecomaccessesmanymorecitiesnationwidethantheotherfourD．ChinaNetcomistheonlyonetobeallowedtooperateIPservice3．WhenenjoyingIPservice.________.A．Jitongusersneedn’tbuyIPcardsB．ChinaTelecomusersneedn’tbuynewIPcardsC．NetcomusershavetolinkwithabankD．ChinaMobileusershavetopayfortheirhotlineserviceBResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame"fight-or-flight"reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict("fight"),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation("flight").However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled"tendandbefriend."Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung("tend"),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers-especiallyotherfemales('befriend").Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefight-or-flightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormonesreleasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletend-or-befriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin,hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat"animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious."Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstress-relateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetend-and-befriendregulatory(调整的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.4.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomento.A.turntofriendsforhelp B.solveaconflictcalmlyC.findanescapefromreality D.seekcomfortfromchildren5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.B.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofoxytocin.D.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.6.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody'sresistancetostress.B.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.C.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestostress.D.TheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.7.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomengetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromstressC.HowresearchersovercomestressproblemsD.Howresearchershandlestress-relateddisordersCAtfirstglance,price-comparisonwebsitesareanexampleofcapitalismatitsbest.Butithascausedfiercecompetitiononpriceandevisceratedprofits.TowersWatson,aconsultancy,saidthat"unnecessary"pricecompetitionfollowingtheriseofcomparisonsitesinBritainhadcostinsurers￡1billionayear.Consumersshouldcelebratethat;thefirms'lossesaretheirgains.Butthereisacatch.Comparisonsitesintroduceanewlayerofcosts,includingtheirownadvertisingcampaigns.Intheory,competitioninthemarketforcomparisonsitesoughttokeepthosecostsdown.ButDavidRonayneofWarwickUniversityarguesthatconsumersoftenloseoutfromcomparisonsites.Theyearnacommissionforeachshopperwhousesthemforconsumptionsuchasbuyinginsurance.Thatreferral（托付）costisincludedinthepricetheconsumerendsuppaying.Iftheincreasedcostsoutweighthesavingthecomparisonenables,consumersendupworseoff.Theseworriesarenotjusttheoretical.In2024,Britain'scompetitionregulatorfoundthatmanycomparisonsiteswereusingtheircontractswithretailers（零售商）tobanthemfromofferinglowerpriceselsewhere.Thatweakenedrivals'incentive（对手的动机）tocutfees,becausepricesontheirsitecouldnotfall.Bykeepingpricessimilar,thecontractsalsoreducedtheincentiveforconsumerstosearchonmultiplesites,thushelpingsitesretaintheirusers.Weakerincentivestolowercommissionsmeanweakerincentivestolowercosts,too.Thatmightexplainwhycomparisonwebsitesadvertisesoheavily,andsometimesofferfreegiftstothosewhousethem.Inarecentpaper,BenEdelmanofHarvardBusinessSchoolandJulianWrightoftheNationalUniversityofSingaporearguethatwhenasiteknowsthatthepricesmerchantsprovidethroughitwillalwaysbethelowestavailable,itincreasesinvestmentinattractingcustomers,safeintheknowledgethatthemerchantsandatlastconsumerswillbearthecost.Isthereanywaytoensurethemarketforpricecomparisoniscompetitive?Askingconsumerstocheckmultiplewebsitesdefeatsthepointofusingthem.Onesolutionistohaveonlyonesite,butregulateitasapublicutility（功用）.Alternatively,thegovernmentscouldrunthesiteitself.Butcreatinggoodsearchandcomparisonsitesmaybetoohardforthem.Itismuchbettertoacknowledgethatconsumerswillalwayshavetodosomecomparisonthemselvesto"keepthesystemhonest".Websitesthatcomparethecomparisonsitescanhelp,althoughitiseasytoseehowtheycouldfallpreytothesameproblems.Anyfirmwithcaptiveusers（被动用户）,beitacomparisonsiteasearchengine,orasocial-mediaplatform,canchargeahighpriceforaccesstotheeyesofitscustomers.Foralltheirinnovation,Internetmiddlemenarenotunlikesupermarkets.Shopperswouldneverimaginethatasinglestorehadthelowestpriceforalltheitemstheyneed.8.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,price-comparisonwebsites______..A.willoffersmartconsumersthebestdealsB.willbringinsurancefirmsincreasedprofitsC.canhelpkeepthecostsofinsurancefirmsdownD.mayraisethepricethatconsumerspayfortheirpurchases9.Currentcomparisonsitestendtoputmostoftheireffortsin______.A.loweringcommissionsB.contractingwithretailersC.attractingconsumers D.cuttingoperatingcosts10.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorprobablyagreesthat______.A.it'sdesirabletohaveonlyonecomparisonsiteandhaveitrunbythegovernmentB.it'sadvisablethatcomparisonsiteswithcaptiveuserschargeahighpriceforitsserviceC.consumersshouldcheckmultiplecomparisonsitesbeforemakingapurchasingdecisionD.websitesthatcomparethecomparisonwebsitescanhelptobuildacompetitivemarketDWhatwillhighereducationlooklikein2050?ThatwasthequestionaddressedTuesdaynightbyMichaelCrow,presidentofArizonaStateUniversity.“We’reattheendofthefourthwaveofchangeinhighereducation,”Crowbegan,arguingthatresearchuniversitiesfollowedtheinitialestablishmentofhighereducation,publiccolleges,andland-grantschoolsinthetimelineofAmerica.Inlessthanahalf-century,hesaid,globalmarketcompetitionwillbeatitsfastestratesofchangeever,withseveralmultitrillion-dollareconomiesworldwide.Accordingtoarecentprojection,thenation’spopulationcouldreach435million,withalargepercentageofthoseresidentseconomicallydisadvantaged.Inaddition,climatechangewillbe“meaningfullyuncontrollable”inmanypartsoftheworld.Theeverydaytrendsseentoday,suchasdecliningperformanceofstudentsatalllevels,particularlyinmathandscience,anddecliningwagesandemploymentamongthelesseducated,willonlycontinue,Crowmaintained,andare,tosaytheleast,notcontributingtofulfillingthedreamofclimbingthesocialladdermobility,qualityoflife,sustainableenvironment,andlongerlifespansthatmostAmericansshare.“Howisitthatwecanhavethesegreatresearchuniversitiesandhavenegative-trendingoutcomes?”Crowsaidinatalk“Iholdtheuniversitiesaccountable.…Wearepartoftheproblem.”Amongthe“thingsthatwedothatmakethethingsthatweteachlesslearnable,”Crowsaid,arethestrictseparationofdisciplines,academicrigidity,andconservatism,thedesireofuniversitiestoimitateschoolsatthetopofthesocialranks,andthelackofthecomputersystemabilitythatwouldallowalargenumberofstudentstobeeducatedforasmallamountofmoney.Since2002,whenCrowstartedbeinginchargeatArizonaState—whichhecallsthe“newAmericanuniversity”—hehasledmorethanthreedozeninitiativesthataimtomaketheschool“inclusive,scalable,fast,adaptive,challenge-focused,andwillingtotakerisks.”Amongthoseinitiativeswerearestructuringoftheengineeringandlifesciencesschoolstocreatemorelinkagesbetweendisciplines;thelaunchoftheSchoolofEarthandSpaceExplorationandtheSchoolofSustainability;thestartofaTeachersCollegetoaddressK-12performanceandincreasethestatusoftheEducationDepartmentattheuniversity;andbroadenedaccess,increasingthefreshmanclasssizeby42percentandtheenrollmentofstudentslivingbelowthepovertylineby500percent.Universitiesmuststart,Crownoted,“bybecomingself-reflectivearchitects,figuringoutwhatwehaveandwhatweactuallyneedinsteadofwhatlegendtellsuswehavetobe.”Researchuniversitiestodayhave“runtheircourse,”headded.“Nowisthetimeforvariety.”Duringadiscussionafterward,Crowclarifiedandexpandedonsomeofhispoints.Hediscussed,forexample,theschool’sdistance-learningprogram.“Nearly40percentofundergraduatesaretakingatleastonecourseonline,”hesaid,whichhelpstheschooltokeepcostsdownwhileadvancinginteractivelearningtechnologies.HesaidthatArizonaStateisworkingtoincreasethetransferandcompletionratesofcommunity-collegestudents,ofwhomonlyabout15percent,historically,completetheirlaterdegrees.“We’vebuiltasystemthatwillallowthemtotrackintouniversities,”particularlywhere“culturallycomplexbarriers”beyondfinanceslimiteventhemostgiftedstudents.11. ThefourthwaveofchangeinAmerica’shighereducationrefersto_______.A.publiccolleges B.land-grantschoolsC.initialhighereducation D.researchuniversities 12.WhichisNOTpartoftheAmericandreammostpeopleshare?A.Peopleenjoyaqualitylife. B.Peoplelivelongerandlonger.C.Thefreedomtomovearound. D.Anenvironmentthatissustainable.13.WhichisaninitiativeadoptedbyCrowatArizonaStateUniversity?A.RestructuringtheteachersCollege.B.LaunchingtheSchoolofLifeSciences.C.Ignoringthelinkagesbetweendisciplines.D.Enrollingmorestudentsfrompoorfamilies.14.Whichoneissimilartotheunderlinedword“architect”inmeaning?A.Theauthoroftheguidebookisanarchitectbyprofession. B.DengXiaopingisoneofthearchitectsofthePRC. C.Ifyouwanttorefurnishthehouse,consultthearchitect.D.Tomisconsideredoneofthebestlandscapearchitecthere.15.Withthedistance-learningprogram,ArizonaStateUniversityisableto______.A.enroll40%ofitsstudentsonlineB.provideanevengreaternumberofcoursesC.attractthemostgiftedstudentsallovertheworldD.keepcostsdownwithoutalossofquality四、任务型阅读（总分10分）It’snosecretthatdoinggoodmakesothershappy–butdidyouknowitcanmakeyouhappyaswell?Accordingtoastudy,peopleparticipatinginmeaningfulactivitieswerehappierandfeltthattheirliveshadmorepurposethanpeoplewhoonlyengagedinpleasure-seekingbehaviors.Trygivingthesefourthingstootherstostartyourjourneytoahappierandhealthierlifestyle.1.YourTimeWithabusylife,itcanbehardtofindanytimetogiveaway.However,volunteeringyourtimehasgreatbenefits,includingmakingnewfriendsandconnections,learningnewskillsandevenadvancingyourcareer.Accordingtoapaperaboutthelinkbetweenhealthandvolunteering,volunteeringisconnectedwithlowerinstancesofdepressionandreducestheriskofdyingby22percent.2.YourAttentionMostofusthinkwe’regoodlisteners,butaccordingtopsychologistPaulDonoghue,mostpeopleareawarethatothersdon’tlistenaswellastheycould.Inaddition,they’renotfullyawarethattheythemselvesaren’tlistening.Whenpracticingmindfulnessmeditation(正念禅修),youfocusonwhatyouexperienceinthemomentandletyourthoughtsandemotionspassthroughwithoutjudgment.Didyouknowthatgivingsomeoneyourundividedattentionhelpsyoualso?Whendonewell,activelisteningstrengthensyourfocus－whichisamajorpartofgoodmeditation.3.YourCompassionThepsychologicalmeaningofcompassionistheabilitytounderstandanotherperson’semotionalstate.Compassiondiffersfromempathy(移情)inthatthosewhoexperiencecompassionnotonlyputthemselvesinanotherperson’sshoes,butalsowanttoreducethatperson’ssuffering.Abrain-imagingstudyshowedthatthebrain’spleasurecentersareequallyactivewhenwegivemoneytothepooraswhenwereceivemoneyourselves.4.YourMoneyAccordingtoanexperiment,thosewhospendmoneyonotherpeoplearesignificantlyhappierthanthosewhospendthesamequantityofmoneyonthemselves.Whetherornotyoucanofferothergifts,donatingmoneyhelpsmakerealchangehappen.Itrepresentstimespent,compassionandcarefulattentiontotheneedsof