高考英语一轮复习考案6选修六练习含解析外研版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGEPAGE1选修六综合过关规范限时检测第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo？BA．Buyabook. B．Bookaroom.C．Rentaroom.2．Whatistheman？CA．Heisaworker.B．Heisaprofessor.C．Heisacollegestudent.3．Whichattractiondidthewomanprobablyvisitduringhertravel？AA．TheGreatWall. B．Pyramids.C．Broadway.4．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace？CA．OnDecember25.B．OnDecember24.C．OnDecember23.5．Whataretheytalkingabout？BA．Theweather. B．Thepollution.C．Theirchildren.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace？AA．Atanairport.B．Atarailwaystation.C．Atadepartmentstore.7．Whatdoesthewomanwanttoget？CA．Abag. B．Abook.C．Anewspaper.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Howmuchshouldthewomanpayfortheroomaltogether？AA．$225. B．$229.C．$237.9．Whatisthebesttimeforthewomantocheckin？CA．At1：30p．m.，Dec.23.B．At2：00p.m.,Dec.22.C．At2：00p．m.，Dec.23.10．Whatspecialscanthewomanhaveinthishotel？BA．Freelunch.B．Freeparking.C．Entertainmentfacilities.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Wherewillthewomangoonatrip？AA．Hawaii. B．Paris.C．Europe.12．HowmanytimeshasthemanbeentoParis？AA．None. B．Once.C．Threetimes.13．Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext？CA．She'lllookforhersuitcase.B．She'llbuyacameraforthetrip.C．She'llpackhersuitcaseandpreparefood.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers？BA．Researcherandassistant.B．Policemanandvictim.C．Policemanandwitness.15．Whatdidthedriverlooklike？CA．Hewasverytall.B．Hehadthinlips.C．Hewasnotyoung.16．Whatwasthemaincauseoftheaccident？BA.Thewomanwalkedslowlywithhergrandson.B．Thewomanwalkedtoofast.C．Thedriverdrovetoofast.17．Whatdidthemandoatlast？CA．Hetookthewomantothehospital.B．Hecalledthepolice.C．Hedrovehiscaraway.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．What'sthespeakermainlytalkingabout？CA．Anewproduct.B．Officehours.C．Arecyclingprogram.19．Whatarerequiredtoputintogreencontainers？BA．Thingsthatareplastic.B．Glassthings.C．Allwastepapers.20．Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto？AA.Thestaffinthecompany.B．Peopleinthesquare.C．Allthestudentsintheschool.附听力原文：Text1W：Hello,thisisGoodLuckHotel.CanIhelpyou?M：Ycs.Iwanttobookaroomfortwonights.Arethereanyroomsavailable?W：Waitamoment.HowaboutRoom2305?Text2M：Itisonlythreemonthsbeforewegraduatefromcollege，butIhaven'tfoundajob.W：Don'tworry.Believeinyourself.Text3M：Longtimenosee!Wherehaveyoubeenrecently?W：Itraveledabroadwithmyfamily,visitingJapanandChina.Icamebacklastnight.Text4W：Youseemverybusyrecently.Whatareyoudoing?M：IampreparingfortheChristmasEvepartyfortomorrow.Iwillgiveadancingperformanceintheevening.W：Wishyougoodluck.Text5W：Iwonderifourchildrenwillbeabletobreathecleanair,drinkcleanwaterandseebluesky.M：Itistimethatwehumanbeingslearnedtoliveinharmonywithnature.Text6M：We'dbetterhurry.Ithinkthat'sourflight.W：Canwesparetimetogetanewspaper?M：Well,Idon'tthinkwehavetime.Look...W：Allright,well,youtakethatbag,andIwilltakethisone.Text7M：Hello,ReservationDesk.HowcanIhelpyou?W：I'dliketobookaroom.M：Whatkindofroomwouldyoulike，Ma'am?Wehavesinglerooms,doublerooms,andstandardrooms.W：What'stherateforastandardroom?M：$79aday.Butifyoureserveformorethantwodays,then$75aday.W：OK.I'dlikeastandardroomforthreedays.M：Whatdatewouldyoucheckin，Ma'am?W：December23,please.M：Good.Pleaserememberthecheck­intimeis2p．m.thatveryday.Ifyougetherebeforethattime，theroomwon'tbeready.W：Isee.Bytheway,doyouhaveanyspecialsforyourguests?M：Absolutely.Weofferfreebreakfast,freeparkingandwake­upcallsexcepttheentertainmentfacilities.W：Allright.M：Verygood.YourreservationconfirmationnumberisNB13579.Thankyouforbookinginourhotel.Text8M：Whereareyougoingonyourtrip?W：WearegoingonajourneytoHawaii.M：Howlongdoesthetriplast?W：Aboutaweek.M：Canyouworkouthowmuchyouwillspendduringthistrip?W：Yeah,about500dollars.M：HaveyoueverbeentoParisbefore?W：Yes,IhavebeentoParisforthreetimes.Howaboutyou?M：No，Ihaven't.I'mgoingonatriptoEurope.Ijustboughtthiscameratodayforthetrip.W：Well,Ineedtopackmysuitcaseandpreparefoodforthetrip.M：Yeah,goforit.Text9M：Hello,Mrs.Chu.Doyoufeelbettertoday?W：Oh,muchbetter.Thankyou.M：CanIaskyousomequestionsnow?W：Certainly.M：First,doyourememberwhatthedriverlookslike?W：Yes.Hewasaboutfifty.Helookedquiteoldandnotverytall.Oh,andhehadthicklips.M：OK.Whentheaccidenthappened,wherewereyougoing?W：Iwasgoingtohelpmygrandsontopayabill,soIwalkedtoofasttonoticethecar.M：Isee.Afterthedriverknockedyoudown,hegotoutofhiscarandlookedatyou,didn'the?W：Yes,hedid.Iwasbleeding,sohelookedscaredandthenhurriedbacktothecar.M：Doyourememberhisclothes?W：Yes.Ilookedathimwhenhewasgettinginhiscar.HeworeanorangeT­shirt,greytrousers,andleathershoes.M：OK,IthinkIhaveenoughinformationnow.Thankyou.W：You'rewelcome.Text10W：Hi,everyone.Thankyouallforgatheringhereinthehall.It'stwentytotwelvenow.I'lltrytofinishmytaskassoonaspossiblesothatitwon'tdelayyourlunchbreaktenminuteslater.I'mwonderingifyouallcanhearme.Good,I'dliketotellyouaboutsomechangesinouroffices.Becauseourcompanyisconcernedabouttheenvironment,therearesomechangesastohowofficewastewillbehandled.StartingnextFriday,containerswillbeplacedthroughouttheofficeforrecycling.Pleasenotethatallredcontainersareforanythingthatisplastic,whileallgreencontainersaremeantforglassthings.ThesecontainerswillbeemptiedeachWednesdayandtheircontentswillbesenttoarecyclingfactory.Asyouleave,pleasetakeoneofthepapersonthetableatthebackoftheroom.ItsummarizesalloftheinformationI'vejustgivenyou.Remember,theprogramdoesn'tbeginuntilnextFriday.Sothat'sallfromme.Thankyouforyourcooperationwiththiseffort.第二节到此结束。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A(2021·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)“Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus,butcanyougetthebenefitswithoutactuallydoingtheexercise？”asksMichaelMosley.Havingahotbathorasaunaisagoodwaytosootheyourarmsandlegsafterexercise,butwhathappensifyoudoitinsteadofexercise?Dr.SteveFaulknerofLoughboroughUniversityaskedmetotakepartinanexperimentcomparingtherelativebenefitsofhavingalong,hotbathversusanhourofhardcycling.ForthisstudyIjoinagroupofvolunteerswhohaveallbeenfittedwithmonitorswhichcontinuouslyrecordbloodsugarlevels.Keepingyourbloodsugarlevelwithinthenormalrangeisanimportantmeasureofyour“metabolic”fitness.Thefirstpartoftheexperimentisveryrelaxing,consistingofhavingalong,hotbath.WhileIsitinthebath,whichtheykeepat40℃，Stevecloselymonitorsmycoretemperature.Onceithasrisenandstayedthere,Iamallowedout.AcoupleofhoursaftermybathIhavealightmeal.Sincewewanttoseehowhavingahotbathcompareswithexercisewerepeattheexperiment.Sowhat'stheresult?“Oneofthefirstthingsthatwewerelookingat，”Stevesays,“istheenergyexpenditure(消耗)whileyou'reinthehotbathandwhatwefoundwasan80%increaseinenergyexpenditurejustasaresultofsittinginthebathforthecourseofanhour.”Thisisnothinglikeasmanycaloriesascyclingforanhour(whichcomesoutatanaverageof630calories),butwedoburn140calories,theequivalentofabrisk30­minutewalk.文章大意：实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。21．WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinParagraph2？CA．Exercise. B．Strengthen.C．Relax. D．Buildup.〖解析〗词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。故选C。22．Whatisthepurposeoftheexperiment？AA．Tocompareenergyexpenditureofhotbathandcycling.B．Totellpeoplehowtoloseweight.C．Toshowthebenefitofhotbath.D．Toencouragepeopletohaveahotbathinsteadofcycling.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr.SteveFaulknerofLoughboroughUniversityaskedmetotakepartinanexperimentcomparingtherelativebenefitsofhavingalong,hotbathversusanhourofhardcycling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。故选A。23．Whatdoesnormalbloodsugarlevelmean？DA．Itmeansyouarehealthy.B．Itmeansyourtemperatureisnormal.C．Itmeansyoudon'tneedexercise.D．Itmeansyourmetabolicsystemisnormal.〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keepingyourbloodsugarlevelwithinthenormalrangeisanimportantmeasureofyour‘metabolic’fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关。故选D。24．Ifyouwanttoburn600calories,whatcanyoudo？BA．Haveahotbathforonehour.B．Cycleforonehour.C．Haveabrisk60­minutewalk.D．Haveabrisk30­minutewalk.〖解析〗细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thisisnothinglikeasmanycaloriesascyclingforanhour(whichcomesoutatanaverageof630calories),butwedoburn140calories,theequivalentofabrisk30­minutewalk.”可知，如果要消耗600卡，应骑一个小时自行车。故选B。B(2021·惠州市高三第一次调研)China'sdomesticallydevelopedBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmanypublicsectorsandbusinessfieldsathomeandabroad.BeidouhasbeenusedindozensofbusinessandpublicsectorfieldsinChina,includingtransportation,electricpowertransmission,fisheries,miningandagriculture.TensofmillionsofBeidou­basedterminal(终端)deviceshavebeensoldandareinuse.Bytheendof2019,morethan100millionBeidou­basednavigationchips,modulesandotherproductshadbeensold.Thesystemhadbythenbeenfixedinnearly6.6milliontaxis,busesandtrucksaroundChinaaswellasmorethan70,000fishingshipsacrossthecountry.Beidou­enabledfunctionsarealsousedinatleast50,000agriculturalmachinesandhaveimprovedtheiroperationalefficiency.Morethan70percentofmobilephonesregisteredinChinaarecapableofutilizingBeidousignals.Inthepublicsecurityfield,morethan400,000portableterminalsusedbythepoliceacrossthecountryhaveBeidou­enabledpositioningfunctions.Beidouhasalsoplayedimportantrolesinsecurityworkforhigh­levelevents.Globally,bytheendof2019,ChineseproductsbasedonBeidouhadbeensoldtomorethan120foreigncountriesandregions,playingahelpfulroleinanumberofpublicsectorfields.Forinstance,BeidouhashelpedRussiaimproveitselectricgridinspections(电网检测),madeoperationsmoreconvenientforunmannedaircraftusersinCambodia,andpromotedmanagementefficiencyofmanywarehousesinThailand.文章大意：我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统已广泛应用于国内外许多公共部门和商业领域，如国内的交通、电力传输、渔业、采矿和农业等商业和公共部门；此外，基于北斗的产品已销往多个国家和国外地区。25．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“utilizing”inParagraph2？BA．Transforming. B．Using.C．Passing. D．Strengthening.〖解析〗考查理解词汇的能力。通读第二段可知，该段主要讲了北斗卫星导航系统在中国的应用。再分析画线词所在句可知，其表示在中国注册的70%以上的手机能使用北斗信号。故B项正确。26．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？CA．BeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem'snavigationisaccessible.B．BeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem'spositioningservicesvaryinquality.C．BeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem'sapplicationsspreadaroundtheglobe.D．BeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem'soperationalefficiencyimprovesrapidly.〖解析〗考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知，本文的主题句为第一段内容“China'sdomesticallydevelopedBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmanypublicsectorsandbusinessfieldsathomeandabroad.”，文章主要介绍了北斗卫星导航系统在国内外的广泛使用。故C项正确。27．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear？AA．Technology. B．Education.C．Travel. D．Society.〖解析〗考查推断的能力。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统在国内外的广泛使用，据此可以判断，本文最可能摘自报纸的“科技”栏目，故A项正确。C(2021·河北省高三六校第一次联考)ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaimtohavemadeanewdiscovery—theyhavefoundgoldintheleavesandtwigsoftrees.Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground,over30metresdown.Thediscoveryhasbeendescribedasthefirstofitskindintheworld.Australiangoldexplorationcompaniesarepleasedbecauseitwillmakefindinggoldcheaper.Ratherthandrillingdeepholestofindgold,theyhavemorewaystoexaminetreeleavesandbranches.Thereisonlyatinyamountofgoldintheleaves.Itwouldtake500treestomakeonegoldring.ThegoldisfoundbyusingaspecialX­raymachineownedbyanAustraliangovernmentagency.ApureX­rayandapowerfulmicroscopescantheleavesandbranches.Theclaimthatthisisthefirsttimethatgoldparticles(微粒)havebeenfoundinlivingmaterialmightnotbetrue,though.Pre­QinChineseofgreatwisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandmineralsunderneaththem.Theyusedplantlifetofindmineralsthousandsofyearsago.IntheZhouDynasty,itwaswritteninabookthatacertainplantgrewonlyneardepositsofgold.Overthenext2,000years,Chinesepeoplewroteaboutdifferentplantsandhowtheygrew,showedwheremineralsandpreciousstonessuchasjade,copper,lead,silverandgoldwere.Evenmoreimportantly,inthe11thcentury,SuSongdescribedhowcopper,gold,silver,leadandtinwereobservedandtakenfromcertainplants.Thesewereamazingscientificdiscoveries.Meanwhile,thisknowledgewasunknownintherestoftheworlduntilabout1,600.ThiswaswhenaBritishmanrealisedthatoaktreesgrewlargerandgreenerwheretherewasalum(明矾)intheground.MaybeancientChinesehavemoreknowledgetoteachmodernscientists.文章大意：西澳大利亚州的科学家声称他们在树叶和树枝中发现了黄金。这项发现被认为是世界上第一次在生物材料中发现黄金微粒。然而，这种说法可能并不正确，因为早在周朝，中国就已经有了相关记载。28．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph1？BA．500deadtreescanmakeonegoldring.B．Thetreescanabsorbgoldfromdeepunderground.C．Scientistshavefoundgold30metresbelowunderground.D．Thecompaniesfindithardtofindgold.〖解析〗考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground，over30metresdown.”可知，树木可以从地下吸收黄金。故B项正确。29．Howdoscientistsfindgoldintheleaves？CA.Byobservingtheleavescarefully.B．Bydrillingdeepholes.C．ByusingaspecialX­raymachine.D．Byreferringtoancientbooks.〖解析〗考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“ThegoldisfoundbyusingaspecialX­raymachineownedbyanAustraliangovernmentagency.”可知，科学家通过一种特殊的X光机找到树叶里的黄金。故C项正确。30．Whofirstdiscoveredthattherewasaconnectionbetweenplantsandminerals？AA．Pre­QinChinesepeople.B．SuSong.C．Australianscientists.D．ABritishman.〖解析〗考查推断的能力。根据第二段第二句中的“Pre­QinChineseofgreatwisdomunderstoodtheconnectionbetweenplantsandthepreciousstonesandmineralsunderneaththem.”可知，先秦时期的先贤们最早理解植物与它们下面的宝石和矿物之间的联系。故A项正确。31．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph？BA．Tointroducetwogreatscientistsinancienttimes.B．Toprovidemoreevidencetosupportthewriter'sopinion.C．Toshowhowancientpeoplegotgoldfromcertainplants.D．ToprovethatancientChinesehavemoreknowledgethanmodernscientists.〖解析〗考查理解目的的能力。根据第二段内容可知，作者认为西澳大利亚州的科学家们在树叶和树枝中发现黄金并不是世界上第一次在生物材料中发现黄金，因为早在周朝，中国就已经有了相关记载，接着最后一段又列举了苏松在11世纪描述如何在某些植物中观察并提取到铜、金等，大约1600年一个英国人注意到橡树在有明矾的土里长得更好，由此可知，最后一段的写作目的是提供更多的证据来支持作者的观点。故B项正确。D(2021·日照市高三第一次校际联考)AyoungboyhadageneticdisorderknownasADCY5­relateddyskinesia.Hewasfirstdiagnosedattheageof3.Hisfaceandarmswouldinvoluntarilymove,withepisodeslastingfromafewsecondsto10minutes.Sometimes,movingwouldcausethetwitches(抽搐),whileinotherinstancestheywouldcomeseeminglyatrandom.Byage11,hewasexperiencingupto30episodeseachday,severelyinfluencinghislife.Hestruggledwithday­to­dayactivitiesthatrequirefinemotorskills,likewritinginclass,walkinghomefromschool,ridinghisbike,ortakingpartinsports.CausedbychangesintheADCY5gene,theconditionischaracterizedbyinvoluntarymovements,includingtwitching,shaking,andtensingmusclesthatcanaffecttheface,arms,legsandneck.AccordingtotheU．S.NationalLibraryofMedicine,atleast400peoplehavebeendiagnosedwiththedisease.Thesesymptoms,whichusuallyfirstappearinchildhoodorlateadolescence,canhappendayornight.Thosewithasevereformoftheconditionmighthaveweakmusclestrength,andtheirmotorskillsmightdevelopslowerthanotherpeople's.Whilesymptomsarestableinsomepatients,theywillworseninothersuntilmiddleage.Thesymptomscanbeworsenedbysomethingsuchastirednessandanxiety.TherewascurrentlynotreatmentavailableforADCY5­relateddyskinesia.However,Frenchdoctorswerequiteinterestedwhenafatherwiththedisorderclaimedhecouldpreventtheunwantedmovementsbydrinkingcoffee.SodoctorsdecidedtotreattheboywithcoffeetoseeifitmighthelpbecausegenetictestsrevealedhehadADCY5­relateddyskinesia.First,onecupofstrongcoffeecontainingaround100mgofcaffeineintheafternoon,andonebeforebed.After45minuteshissymptomsdisappeared,withtheeffectlastingsevenhours.Uppingthedosetotwocupsintheafternoonandhalfacupatbedtimealmostentirelywipedouthisepisodes.Theboycouldwriteinclass,walkhomefromschoolandridehisbikeagain.Hisdoctorssaidhisexperiencesamounttoareal­life,double­blindexperiment,andconcludedcoffeeisasafetreatmentforADCY5­relateddyskinesia.文章大意：该文介绍了一位小男孩因ADCY5基因突变而患有运动障碍，他的日常生活和学习受到了极大的影响。一群法国医生受到了一位男士的亲身经历的启发，从而发现咖啡是针对该疾病的一种较好的治疗方法，最终使小男孩能正常生活和学习。32．Whatcausedtheboy'spoormotorskills？AA.Anillnessconnectedwithagene.B．Theday­to­dayactivitiesinlife.C．Therandomtwitchesofthebody.D．Theinvoluntarymoveofthearms.〖解析〗考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“AyoungboyhadageneticdisorderknownasADCY5­relateddyskinesia.”可知，小男孩运动能力差是由一种与基因相关的疾病造成的。故选A。33．WhatmightapatientwithADCY5­relateddyskinesiasuffer？CA．Weakbonestrength. B．Childhoodtiredness.C．Tensingmuscles. D．Anxietyinadolescence.〖解析〗考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第一句“CausedbychangesintheADCY5gene...legsandneck.”可知，患有与ADCY5有关的运动障碍的病人可能会遭受肌肉绷紧的困扰。故C项正确。34．Whatinspiredthedoctorstofindacureforthedisease？BA．Acupofcoffee.B．Aman'sexperience.C．Amistakeinagenetictest.D．Adouble­blindexperiment.〖解析〗考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Frenchdoctorswerequiteinterestedwhenafatherwiththedisorderclaimedhecouldpreventtheunwantedmovementsbydrinkingcoffee.”和第四段中的“Sodoctorsdecidedtotreattheboywithcoffeetoseeifitmighthelp”可知，医生们受到一位男士的个人经历的启发而找到了针对该疾病的一种治疗方法。故选B。35．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom？AA．Amagazine. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Adiary.〖解析〗考查理解文章类型的能力。全文主要讲述了一位因ADCY5基因突变而患有运动障碍的小男孩，他的日常生活和学习受到了极大的影响，一群法国医生受到了一位男士的亲身经历的启发，从而发现咖啡是针对该疾病的一种较好的治疗方法，最终使小男孩能正常生活和学习。这样的故事常见于杂志。故A项正确。第二节阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021·河北省高三六校第一次联考)Ifyourfriendshipsaregoingtolastalongtime,yousimplyhavetoacceptthatthingswillalwayschange.Butneverfear.36.B.Hereisalittleoftheiradvice.Startwiththefriendshiptriangle(三角形)．ShastaNelsonisafriendshipexpertwhogivesaconceptcalledthe“friendshiptriangle”.37.D.Anyway,thebaseispositivity,andtwosidesofthetriangleareconsistency(一致性)andvulnerability(脆弱性).Ifyourfriendshiphassomethingwrong,it'smucheasiertoseewhatisoffbalanceandadjustitintime.Figureoutwhatyouvalue.AnotherhelpfultoolcomesfromRachelWilkersonMiller.WilkersonMillerrecommendslookingatfriendshipsthroughyourTME—time,moneyandenergy.“Thoseareyourmostvaluableresources，”shesays.“ThinkaboutwhereourTMEisgoing,howyou'respendingitandwhoyou'regivingitto.”38.E.Don'tbeafraidtoaskforthings.39.F.Beingdirectcanfeelawkward,butifyougetintothehabitofstatingyourneeds,youcanavoidapileofhatemuchlateron.“Askforexactlywhatyouneed，”Havrilesky，afamouswriter,says.“Sometimesitcanworklikemedicine.Soask！”40.A.Duringalonglife,yougothroughalotofdifferentversionsofyourself.Thatcanmeanthatsometimes,afriendisonlypresentforacertainchapter—andthatisOK.A．NoteveryfriendisgoingtobethereforeverB．WeoffersomeadvicefromexpertstohelpyoudealwiththeshiftsinyourfriendshipC．FriendshipislikeashiptocarryyougoingfurtherD．ThefriendshiptriangleismadeofthreeequallylongsidesE．Ifyouwastetheseresources,itmightbetimetoshifttherelationshipF．YoushouldgetcomfortableaskingforwhatyouneedG．Theexpertrecommendsbeingclearwhenyourfriendshipisnolongerthesame文章大意：如果你的友谊会持续很长一段时间，你只需要接受这样一个事实，即事情总是会变化的。本文提供了一些来自专家的建议以帮助你应对友谊上的转变。〖解析〗36．考查上下文衔接。空前提到如果你的友谊会持续很长一段时间，你只需要接受这样一个事实，即事情总是会变化的，又结合空后的advice可知，B项符合语境。B项中的shifts与空前的change呼应。37．考查上下文衔接。该空前一句提出了“友谊三角形”这一概念，D选项“友谊三角形是由三条等长的边构成的”则解释了友谊三角形的基本构成，并与下文进一步指出每一条边代表的具体内容呼应。故选D。38．考查段落总结句。本段提出了一个人最珍贵的三种资源，即时间、金钱和精力，并建议通过TME的标准来看待你的友谊。E项“如果你浪费了这些资源，也许是时候该改变这种友谊了。”总结本段内容，符合语境，故选E。39．考查段落主旨句。根据本段小标题“不要害怕提出要求”，以及本段内容可知，此处应选F项”你应该轻松自在地提出你的需求”来充当本段的主旨句。40．考查段落小标题。根据最后一段的内容可知，在漫长的生命中，你经历了很多不同版本的自己，那就可能意味着，有时一个朋友只存在于人生中的某一时期，这是可以的。故选A“不是每一位朋友都会永远在你身边”。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(2021·山西省吕梁市高三期中)Alittleboyalmostthoughtofhimselfasthemostunfortunatechildintheworldbecauseadiseasemadehisleglame(跛的).He41.Bplayedwithhisclassmates.Whentheteacheraskedhimtoanswerquestions,healways42.Chisheadwithoutaword.One43.Atheboy’sfatheraskedforsomesaplings(树苗)fromtheneighbor.Hewantedthe44.Ctoplantasapling(树苗)eachpersoninfrontofthehouse.Thefathersaid,“Whosesaplinggrowsbest,Iwillbuyhimorherafavorite45.C”.Seeinghisbrothersandsisterswateringthetrees,however,theboyhadanidea.Hehopedthatthetreeheplantedwould46.Asoon.So,afterwateringitonceortwice,henever47.Bit.Afewdayslater,whenthelittleboywenttoseehistreeagain,hewas48.Dtofindthatitdidn’tfadebutgrewsomefreshleaves.49.Athetreesofhisbrothersandsisters,histreewasevengreener.Hisfatherkepthis50.C，boughtthelittleboyhisfavoritegiftandsaidthatfromthetreeheplanted,hewouldbecomeanoutstanding51.Bwhenhegrewup.Sincethen,thelittleboyslowlybecame52.C.Onenight,helayonthebedbutcouldnotsleep.Thenhegotupandcametothe53.BTohissurprise,his54.Cwassplashing(喷洒)somethingontohistree.55.A，heunderstood—hisfatherhadbeen56.Dfertilizing(施肥)hissmalltree!Hereturnedtohisroom,57.Brunningdown.58.Cpassed.Thelittleboydidn’tbecomeabotanist(植物学家)，buthewaselectedPresidentoftheUnitedStates.HisnamewasFranklinRoosevelt.Loveisthe59.Dnourishment(营养)oflife.60.Aitisjustadropofclearwater,itcanstillhelpthetreeoflifethrive(茁壮成长)．文章大意：本文为记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统罗斯福小时候的故事，爸爸通过种树这件事，用爱帮助他找回了信心，长大后当选为美国总统，最后成就伟大事业。41．A.bravely B．seldomC．freely D．always〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意：他很少和同学们玩。A.bravely勇敢地，B.seldom很少，C.freely自由地，D.always总是。根据“Alittleboyalmostthoughtofhimselfasthemostunfortunatechildintheworldbecauseadiseasemadehisleglame.”，可知他很少和同学玩。故选B。42．A.raised B．noddedC．lowered D．knocked〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：当老师让他回答问题时，他总是一言不发地低着头。A.raised抬起，筹集；B.nodded点头；C.lowered低下；D.knocked敲。根据上下文的内容可知，因为残疾，他缺少自信，所以当老师提问他的时候，他总是低着头不说话。故选C项。43．A.spring B．momentC．winter D．week〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年春天，男孩的父亲向邻居要了一些树苗。A.spring春天；B.moment时刻；C.winter冬天；D.week星期。根据“askedforsomesaplings(树苗)fromtheneighbor”爸爸向邻居要了些树苗，可知春天是栽树的季节。故选A。44．A.neighbors B．friendsC．children D．boys〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：他让孩子们在房子前面一人种一棵树。A.neighbors邻居；B.friends朋友；C.children孩子们；D.boys男孩。根据“Seeinghisbrothersandsisterswateringthetrees”可知，父亲让孩子们在房子前面一人种一棵树。故选C项。45．A.sapling B．treeC．gift D．toy〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对孩子们说，谁种的树苗长得最好，就给他/她买一个礼物。A.sapling树苗；B.tree树；C．gift礼物；D.toy玩具。根据后文“boughtthelittleboyhisfavoritegift”可知，谁种的树苗长得最好，就给他/她买一个礼物。故选C。46．A.die B．growC．break D．survive〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为他的兄弟姐妹们都给树苗浇水，而他行动不便，于是他想出了一个主意：希望他的树苗赶快“死”去。A.die死了；B.grow成长；C.break打破；D.survive幸存。因为他的兄弟姐妹们都给树苗浇水，而他行动不便，于是他想出了一个主意：希望他的树苗赶快死去。以及“So,afterwateringitonceortwice,heneverit.”他希望自己的小树死掉。选A。47．A.ledto B．attendedtoC．belongedto D．objectedto〖解析〗考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在浇了一两次水以后，他再也不照顾小树了。A.ledto导致；B.attendedto照料；C.belongedto属于；D.objectedto反对。在浇了一两次水以后，他再也不照顾小树了。根据常识可知，小树苗需要照顾。选B。48．A.pleased B．upsetC．worried D．surprised〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几天后，当小男孩再次去看他的树时，他惊讶地发现树没有凋谢，而是长出了一些新鲜的叶子。A.pleased高兴的；B.upset难过的；C.worried担心；D.surprised惊讶。他本以为树苗会枯萎，结果却看到它长得很好，所以他感到吃惊。故选D。49．A.Comparedwith B．SimilartoC．Connectedto D．Popularwith〖解析〗考查形容词词组词义辨析。句意：与他兄弟姐妹的树相比，他的树更绿。A.Comparedwith和……相比；B.Similarto相似；C.Connectedto连接；D.Popularwith受欢迎。分析语境可知，他是通过比较得到的了结果：他种的树比兄弟姐妹的更绿。故选A。50．A.request B．scheduleC．promise D．secret〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲信守诺言，给小男孩买了他最喜欢的礼物，并说，从他种下的树上可以看出，他长大后会成为一名杰出的植物学家。A.request要求；B.schedule时间表；C.promise许诺；D.goal目标。根据“boughtthelittleboyhisfavoritegift”可知，父亲遵守了他的承诺。可知选C。51．A.president B．botanistC．artist D．researcher〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.president总统；B.botanist植物学家；C.artist艺术家；D.researcher研究者。根据“becomeabotanist”可知，从他种的树可以看出他会成为杰出的植物学家。故选B。52．A.smart B．desperateC．optimistic D．practical〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从那时起，男孩变得乐观了。A.smart聪明的；B.desperate渴望的；C.optimistic乐观的，D.practical实用的。因为得到了父亲的表扬，自从那时起，男孩变得乐观了”，故选C。53．A.field B．courtyardC．park D．farm〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他起来，来到院子里。A.field田野；B.courtyard院子；C.park公园；D.farm农场。根据上文“infrontofthehouse.”可知，他睡不着，来到院子里。故选B。54．A.brother B．sisterC．father D．neighbor〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他吃惊的是，他父亲正在往树上泼东西。突然间，他明白了——他的父亲一直在秘密地给他的小树施肥！A．brother兄弟；B.sister姐妹；C.father父亲；D.neighbor邻居。根据“hisfatherhadbeen56fertilizinghissmalltree！”可知他的爸爸在树上撒东西，故选C。55．A.Allofasudden B．ForamomentC．Intime D．Fromthenon〖解析〗考查介词词组词义辨析。句意同上。A.Allofasudden突然；B.Foramoment片刻，一会儿；C.Intime及时；D.Fromthenon从那时起。突然，他明白了他的树苗之所以长得好，是爸爸一直在给他的树施肥。故选A。56．A.busily B．quietlyC．cautiously D．secretly〖解析〗考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.busily繁忙地；B.quietly安静地；C.cautiously谨慎地，D.secretly秘密地。根据上文可知，小男孩没有照顾小树苗，小树苗却出奇地长得很好，因为这个男孩一直不知道，是爸爸一直在秘密地给小树苗施肥。故选D。57．A.water B．tearsC．sweat D．rain〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回到自己的房间，泪流满面。A.water水；B.tears眼泪，C.sweat汗水；D.rain雨水。根据“runningdown”可知，他回到房间，眼泪流下来，被爸爸的举动感到了。故选B。58．A.Hours B．MonthsC．