2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod1课时素养检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

PAGEUnit1ScienceandScientists课时素养检测一Unit1Period1Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheadvancementofhumancivilizationispossiblejustbecauseofenormouscontributionmadebyscientists.Theyareoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleoftoday’sworld.Withpracticaladvantagesinengineering,medicineandtechnology,theyhavehelpedustogrowbetterunderstandingabouttheworldanddifferentworkingphenomenonthatgovernsus.Theirnamesarerememberedinthesandsoftimefortheirworkinthewelfareofmankindwithdifferentinventionsthathasmadeourmodernliveseasy.Hereisalistofthefourgreatscientistswe’veeverseenwhochangedtheworld.LouisPasteur(1822～1895)Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies(狂犬病),anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.Healsoinventedtheprocessofpasteurization(加热杀菌法)tomakemilksafertodrink.Heprobablysavedmorelivesthananyotherperson.OttoHahn(1879～1968)HahnwasaGermanchemistwhodiscoverednuclearfission(裂变)in1939.Hewasapioneeringscientistinthefieldofradio-chemistry,anddiscoveredradioactiveelementsin1921.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1944.NikolaTesla(1856～1943)TeslaworkedonelectromagnetismandACcurrent.Heobtainedaround300patentsworldwideforhisinventionsfromelectricitytoradiotransmission,butmanyinventionsdevelopedbyTeslawerenotputintopatentprotection.Heplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofmodernelectricity.JamesClerkMaxwell(1831～1879)Maxwellmadegreatprogressinunderstandingelectro-magnetism.Hisresearchinelectricityandkineticslaidthefoundationforquantum(量子)physics.EinsteinsaidofMaxwell,“TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.”【语篇概述】本文介绍了四位伟人。四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。1.WhatcontributiondidLouisPasteurmaketosociety?A.Thedevelopmentofmedicine.B.Radio-chemistry.C.Modernelectricity.D.Quantumphysics.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据“Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies,anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.”可知LouisPasteur促进了医学的发展。2.WhowasthoughthighlyofbyEinstein?A.LouisPasteur. B.OttoHahn.C.NikolaTesla. D.JamesClerkMaxwell.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据“EinsteinsaidofMaxwell,’TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.’”可知爱因斯坦对JamesClerkMaxwell的评价很高。3.Whatcanweinferaboutthefourpeople?A.Theyaremedicalpioneers.B.TheyareNobelPrizewinners.C.Theyaregreatcontributorstosociety.D.Theyarefoundersofmodernphysics.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。依据文章内容可知,他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。BInFrance,thereoncelivedamannamedLouisPasteur,whowasadoctorofscience.Thethingthatconcernedhimmostwasthediseaserabies.“Imustfindtherabiesgerms(细菌)thathideinsidepeopleandmakethemsosickthattheydie,”hethought.“OnceIfindthem,I’llthinkofawaytokillthem.”ManypeoplethoughtPasteurwaswastinghistime.Somelaughedathimandsaid,“You’llneverdoit.”Pasteurdidn’tcarewhatpeoplethought;hebelievedinhimself.Hekeptrightonworking.Atthesametime,inGermany,aboynamedJoeywasabouttogetintotrouble.Hewasteasing(逗弄)adog.Butthisdogwassickwithrabies,whichmadethedogmad.Unfortunately,thedogbithim.TherabiesgermswerepassedfromthedogtoJoey.Soonthelittleboywasverysick.Hisparentscouldonlywait.Butthentherewasnews.Joey’smothersawitandshoutedforjoy.“AdoctorofsciencehasfoundawaytosavesickpeoplelikeJoey!”shesaid.Theman,ofcourse,wasLouisPasteur.Joey’sparentsquicklypreparedJoeyforthelongjourneytoParis.“Dr.Pasteur,”saidthemother.“Ourlittleboyisverysick.Canyouhelpus?”“Perhaps,”saidPasteur.“I’veinventedavaccine(疫苗).Itisstrongenoughtokilltherabiesgerms.Joeywillbethefirstpersontohavemyrabiesvaccine.”“Thefirstperson?”askedJoey’sworriedfathernervously.“Willitbedangerous?Areyousureitwillwork?”“Ibelieveitwill,”saidPasteur.Slowlythevaccinekilledmoreandmoreoftherabiesgerms.Joeybegantogetwell.Dr.Pasteur’svaccinewasasuccess!Fromthenonnoonehadtobeafraidofrabiesanymore,andpeoplewhohadlaughedathimbefore,respectedhim.Heisrecognizedasoneoftheworld’sgreatestscientists.【语篇概述】本文是记叙文,介绍了研制出狂犬疫苗的闻名法国科学家——巴斯德。4.Whatwaspeople’sfirstreactiontowardsPasteur’sthoughtsonkillingrabiesgerms?A.Hopeful. B.Cheerful.C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的内容可知,大家对巴斯德想要歼灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑,都认为他做不到。5.WhathappenedtoJoey?A.Hefoughtwithadog.B.Hedroveamaddogaway.C.Hekilledtherabiesgerms.D.Hegotrabiesunexpectedly.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“Hewasteasingadog.Butthisdogwassickwithrabies...fromthedogtoJoey.”可知Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了,所以他也患上了狂犬病。6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribePasteur?A.Confidentandstrong-minded.B.Carefulandsimple-minded.C.Selflessandhumorous.D.Proudandimaginative.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据第四段内容及倒数其次段中的“Dr.Pasteur’svaccinewasasuccess!”可知巴斯德并没有在意世俗的看法,他特别自信。在他的坚持努力下他最终胜利研制出了狂犬疫苗。7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.TheamazingstoryofJoey.B.Pasteur’sdeepinterestinscience.C.Thefirstknownpersontosurviverabies.D.Pasteur’ssuccessinfindingatreatmentforrabies.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据巴斯德下定决心研制狂犬疫苗并最终取得胜利的故事,我们可以得知本文的主旨是介绍巴斯德在独创狂犬疫苗方面取得的成就。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Childrenstartoutasnaturalscientists,eagertolookintotheworldaroundthem.Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy,asthere’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.1.

Givethemtimetothink.Studiesoverthepast30yearshaveshownthat,afteraskingaquestion,adultstypicallywaitonlyonesecondorlessforananswer,notimeforachildtothink.2,childrencangivemorelogical,completeandcreativeanswers.

Watchyourlanguage.Onceyouhaveachildinvolvedinasciencediscussion,don’tjumpinwith“That’sright”or“Verygood”.3.Butintalkingaboutscience,quickpraisecansignalthatdiscussionisover.Instead,keepthingsgoingbysaying“That’sinterestingorIhaveneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore”,orcomingupwithmorequestionsorideas.Neverforceachildtothink.4aschildrenarealwaysthinking,withoutyourtellingthemto.

What’smore,givingthemfreedomtothinkcanturnaconversationintoaperformance.Thechildwilltrytofindtheansweryouwant,inasfewwordsaspossible,sothathewillbeasmallertargetforyourdisagreement.5Real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethananylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.Letchildrenlookattheirfingertipsthroughamagnifyingglass(放大镜),andthey’llunderstandwhyyouwantthemtowashbeforedinner.Ratherthansayingthatwaterevaporates(蒸发),setapotofwatertoboilandletthemwatchthewaterleveldrop.

A.Itdoesn’tmakesenseB.ListentotheirquestionsC.TeachthembyexamplesD.Youonlyhavetoshareyourchildren’scuriosityE.ItbeganwithasetofquestionsthatlastednearlytwohoursF.Whenadultsincreasetheir“waittime”tothreesecondsormoreG.Thesewordsworkwellwhenitcomestoencouraginggoodbehavior【语篇概述】本文就如何帮助孩子视察四周的世界、宠爱科学提出了一些建议。1.【解析】选D。依据上文Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy,asthere’snoneedforalotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.“帮助他们享受科学很简单,因为不须要许多科学术语或昂贵的试验室设备。”可知此处应填“你只须要共享你孩子的新奇心”。2.【解析】选F。依据下文childrencangivemorelogical,completeandcreativeanswers“孩子们可以给出更符合逻辑、更完整、更有创意的答案”可知其缘由是“成年人把他们的等待时间增加到3秒或更长”。3.【解析】选G。依据下文Butintalkingaboutscience,quickpraisecansignalthatdiscussionisover.“但是在谈论科学的时候,快速的赞扬可以表明探讨已经结束。”可知此处应填“当涉及激励好的行为时,这些词很有用”。故选G.4.【解析】选A。依据上文“Neverforceachildtothink.“恒久不要强迫孩子思索。”可知此处应填“这没有道理”。5.【解析】选C。依据下文Real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethananylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.“现实生活中对自然的印象比孩子们从书本或电视节目中学到的任何东西都要深刻得多。”可知此处应填“用例子来教他们”。故选C。【素养培优】【话题小写作】2024年是我国古代宏大的药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你依据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文,让更多的人了解这位宏大的医药学家。1.李时珍于1518年7月3日诞生于湖北省,在家人的影响下,他对医学产生了爱好;2.他读了大量的医学书,为寻草药他去了许多地方,探望了许多人,甚至以身试药,历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》;3.他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。参考词汇:药物学家pharmacologist草药herb留意:1.词数80个左右:2.可以适当增加细微环节,以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】BornonJuly3,1518inHubeiProvince,LiShizhenwasagreatpharmacologist.Undertheinfluenceofhisfamily,hedevelopedaninterestinmedicine.Hereadalargenumberofbooksaboutmedicine.Tofindcertainherbs,hewenttoplentyofplacesandcalledonalargenumberofpeople.Heevendidexperimentsonhimself.Nomatterhowdifficult,henevergaveup.Finally,ittookhim27yearstowritethegreatworkBenCaoLiShizhenisrememberedforhisgreatcontributionstotheworldmedicine.阅读理解Youmayheartheexpression:“Ifyougiveapersonafish,theywilleatforaday.Ifyouteachapersontofish,theycaneatforalifetime.”Onewaytoexplainthisisthathelpingpeoplegrowtheirownfoodisabetterwaytofighthunger.ThatisthepurposeofanagriculturalresearchorganizationcalledHarvestPlus.HarvestPlusisteachingpeoplearoundtheworldhowtogrowwhatitcalls“smart”crops(庄稼).ItsprojectinMozambique,acountryinSoutheastAfrica,ishavingsurprisinginfluences.Sweetpotatoeshavevitamin(维生素)A,whichkeepsyoureyeshealthyandhelpsthebodyfightdisease.In2006,HarvestPlusworkersprovidedorangesweetpotatoplantstopeoplein24Mozambiquevillages.TheworkerstaughtthesepeoplehowtogrowthevegetablesandalsoexplainedtheimportanceofvitaminAtostayinghealthy.FarmersinMozambiquehadbeenplantingwhiteandyellowsweetpotatoes,whichhaveverylittlevitaminA.However,onesmall,orangesweetpotatohasafullday’ssupplyofvitaminA.AlandeBrauwfromtheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutesaysabout70percentofchildrentherewerenotgettingenoughvitaminA.Hesaysthepotatoeshadasurprisinginfluenceonthehealthofchildren.Attheendofthethree-yearstudy,theresearchersfoundthatchildrenlivinginvillagesgrowingorangesweetpotatoeshad40percentfewerchancesofgettingdiarrhea(痢疾)thanotherboysandgirls.Amongchildrenundertheageofthree,thedifferencewas50percent.Experts(专家)aresuggestingthatconnectingagricultureandhealthproblemsisnaturalandhelpful.AnneHerforth,afoodexpert,saysthefindingsdoagoodjobmakingtheconnectionbetweenfoodproductionandhealth.“Look,youproduceafoodandit’savailabletopeopletoeatandtheylikeit;thenitdoesgoodthingsforhealth.”【语篇概述】本文是说明文。农业探讨组织HarvestPlus以一种特别的方式不仅解决了粮食危机而且还改善了人们的健康状况。1.WhywasHarvestPlussetup?A.Toprovidefoodforpeoplearoundtheworld.B.Tohelpfarmersincreasecropproduction.C.Todoresearchonagriculturalproducts.D.Todealwiththehungerproblem.【解析】选D。细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“helpingpeoplegrowtheirownfoodisabetterwaytofighthunger.Thatisthepurposeofan