3DEC数值模拟方法

3DEC数值模拟方法2013武汉依泰斯卡(武汉）咨询有限公司提纲3DEC(5.0)软件特点3DEC(5.0)理论基础3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析提纲3DEC(5.0)软件特点3DEC(5.0)理论基础3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析Whatis3DEC?ADistinctElementcodethatallowsthesimulationoftheinteractionofblockse.g.jointedrockmass,masonrywallWhatis3DEC?DiscontinuitiesareregardedasdistinctboundaryinteractionsbetweenblocksContactsareautomaticallyupdatedascalculationprogresses–largedisplacementsareallowedNon-linearforcedisplacementbehaviormaybeassignedtocontacts(joints)Whatis3DEC?3DECblocksarerigidordeformableDeformableblocksareautomaticallymeshedwithtetrahedratosimulateanon-linearcontinuumWhatis3DEC?Solvesthefulldynamicequationsofmotionevenforquasi-staticproblemsAllowsforlargedisplacements,rotationsanddynamicanalysesWhatis3DEC?3DECisbestsuitedtomodelingdiscontinuousmaterials(containingmanyintersectingdiscontinuitiesin3D)thatexhibitnonlinearbehavior矿层分布模型地质构造分布开挖后对地表建筑物的影响屈服矿柱分布情况矿山开采稳定性分析研究当前开采条件下矿柱几乎没有屈服断层影响不大矿藏分布三维模型拉底步骤矿岩三维节理模型拉底后矿岩出露模型矿岩崩落数值模拟对崩落速度和规模进行预测崩落过程模拟NuclearWasteDisposalShotcreteConcreteCanistercoverLocalizationinclaystoneat6monthsClaystoneReproducedwithpermissionofANDRAHydraulicFractureDiscreteFractureNetworkFracturedreservoirmodelHydraulicFractureFluidpressureinjointsduringinjectionTopportionofreservoirhiddenforeaseofviewingMicroseismicityFracturedrockvolumeloadedaxiallywith10MPaconfiningstress100mFundamentalRockMechanicsSimulatedunconfinedcompressiontestoncrystallinerocksampleDisplacementsGrainstructureExaggerateddeformationSlopeStabilityAutomaticFactorofSafetycalculationfor3DslopesUsesShearStrengthReductionmethodAbutmentstabilityassessmentatHongricharchdam11Kolijietal,2001.Int.J.Hydropower&Dams,18,56-61TopplingNormalfaultingintheupperpartoftheslopeS-shapeddeformationofrocklamellaeFlexuraltopplingNormalfaultingS-shapeddeformedrocklamellae提纲3DEC(5.0)软件特点3DEC(5.0)理论基础3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析离散元方法

离散元的理论基础是牛顿第二定律。离散元法是将所研究的区域划分成一个个分立的多边形块体单元，单元与单元之间具有一定的初始接触状态，随着单元的平移和转动，调整各个单元之间的接触关系。最终，块体单元可能达到平衡状态,也可能一直运动下去。因此，离散元法适用于研究节理系统或块体集合在准静力或动力条件下的运动问题。离散元法以各种块体为研究对象，块体与块体之间没有变形协调的约束，只需要满足力的平衡条件。构成单元的节点可以分离。单元之间的相互作用力可以根据力和位移的关系求出，而单个单元的运动则完全根据该单元所受的不平衡力和不平衡力矩的大小按牛顿运动定律确定。TypesofDiscreteElementMethodsforDiscontinuumAnalysisDistinctElementUseexplicittime-marchingschemetosolveequationsofmotiondirectly.Bodiesmayberigidordeformable,contactsaredeformableModalMethodsSimilartodistinctelementmethodinthecaseofrigidblocks.Fordeformablebodies,modalsuperpositionisusedsonon-linearityisdifficulttoimplementDiscontinuousDeformationAnalysisAssumescontactsarerigidbodiesandbodiesmayberigidordeformable.No-penetrationisachievedbyiterationMomentumExchangeMethodsAssumeboththecontactsandbodiestoberigid.Momentumisexchangedbetweentwocontactingbodiesduringcollision.Canrepresentfrictionsliding.DEMDefinitionsThename“DiscreteElementMethod”(DEM)shouldbeappliedtoamethodonlyifit*:allowsfinitedisplacementsandrotationsofdiscretebodies;includingcompletedetachmentrecognizesnewinteractions(contact)automaticallyasthecalculationprogressesAdiscreteelementcodewillembodyanefficientalgorithmfordetectingandclassifyingcontacts.Itwillmaintainadatastructureandmemoryallocationschemethatcanhandlemanyhundredsorthousandsofdiscontinuitiesorcontacts.Thename“DistinctElementMethod”isusedforaDEMthatusesanexplicitdynamicsolutiontoNewton’slawsofmotion.*Cundall,P.A.,andR.D.Hart.”NumericalModelingofDiscontinua,”EngineeringComputations,9(2),101-113(1992)Finiteelementcodesformodeling“discontinua”areoftenmodifiedcontinuumprograms,whichcannothandlegeneralinteractiongeometry(e.g.manyintersectingjoints).Theirefficiencymaydegeneratedrasticallywhenconnectionsarebrokenrepeatedly.DistinctElementMethodThreeaspects...GeometryContactmechanicsSolidbodymechanicsDistinctElementMethodGeometrySpecificationofshapesin2and3dimensionsInteractionofpairsofcontactingblocksorparticlesIdentificationofcontactcharacterbetween2blocksDistinctElementMethodSpecificationofshapesin2and3dimensions2&3dimensions–PFC

disks&spheres2dimensions–UDEC arbitrarypolygons–convexandconcave–withroundedcorners3dimensions–3DEC arbitrarypolyhedra–concavebodiesareconstructedofseveralconvexbodiesattachedtogetherDistinctElementMethodInteractionofpairsofcontactingblocksorparticlesIfweattempttoidentifyneighboringblocksbyanexhaustivescan(i.e.eachblocktestedagainsteachother),thenthesearch-timeisproportionaltoN2whereNisthenumberofblocks.Twomethodstoreducesearchtime:Cell-mapping,usedinUDEC&3DECCirculatingdatastructure,thatmimicsthetopologyofthesystemasusedinUDECCell-mapping

Thesolution-spaceiscoveredbyrectangularcells.Eachblockdepositsamarkerinallthecellsthatitoverlaps–thisprocesstakesNproportionaltime.Eachblockcanfindallofitsneighborsbylookinginjustthosecellsthatitoverlaps-thisprocessisalsoNproportional,ifthecellsizeisofasimilarordertotheblocksizeCirculatingdatastructure

Linkedliststhatdescribeblockboundariesalsotraceoutthevoidspacesautomatically.Ablockneedsonlytosearchitslocalvoidspacestofinditsneighbors.Thisschemebreaksdownifmanyblocksbecomedisconnected,butitiswellsuitedtomodelfluidflowinjointscloseddomaincanrestrictsearchtothecloseddomain–anynewcontactsmustbethereDistinctElementMethod

Identificationofcontactcharacterbetween2blocks Weneedtoknow: typeofcontact(e.g.corner-to-corner,corner-to-edge,etc.)directionofnormaltoslidingdirectiongapbetweenblocks,orcontactoverlapBlock2Jointun2us2Block1us1un1InitialPositionofblock2xyblockcentroidContactBetweentwoRigidBlocks

Acontactiscreatedateachcornerinteractingwithacorneroredgeofanopposingblock.RoundedCornersinUDECCornerroundingschemewithconstantlengthdrdd=rd>>rrdd =distancetothecorner r=radiusoftheroundedcornerrdd=rdrd>>rCornerroundingschemewithconstantradiusr,showingthatsmallanglesinthecornerleadstolargedistancesd

DefinitionofcontactnormalRoundedcorner-to-edgecontactRoundedcorner-to-cornercontactL1L2L3123ElementNodes123Corner-EdgecontactsL1,L2,L3LengthsassociatedtothecontactsContactsandDomainsbetweenTwoDeformableBlocksD1D2D1D2DomainsBLOCK1BLOCK2“Commonplane”logicAlgorithmexecutedinparallelwithmechanicalcalculation:“maximizethegapbetweenthecommonplane(c-p)andtheclosestvertex”c-p12“Commonplane”logicIfweassumeac-pcanbefound,blocksareconvex then...testforcontactsiseasytestcornersofbothblocksforcontactwithc-p(16dotproducts)iftestforbothblocksarepositivethenblocksaretouchingdetermininggapiseasysumofmin.distancesfromeachblock’scornertoc-pcontactnormalis...thenormalofthec-pisalwaysdefinedCommonplanelogicWhataboutassumptions?Usethealgorithm“maximizethesmallestgapbetweeneachblock(ofacontact-pair)andtheplane”Constructconcaveblocksfromseveralconvexblocks(the“join”doesnotexist,asfarasphysicsisconcerned)shift,then...rotationCommonplanelogicModesofcontactcanbefoundeasilywithcontact-planelogic“countthenumberofcornersthattouchthecommonplane”modeofcontactisdeterminedbycounts:e.g.1-4=“corner-face”note:”touch”impliesgap<0BlockA1corner2edge3faceBlockB1corner2edge3faceDistinctElementMethodContactmechanics Allcontactsareassumedtobe“soft”-i.e.contactforcesaredirectlyrelatedtothedeformationsor“overlaps”atcontacts.Forpoint-contact,Hertz/Mindlincontactlawscanbeused.Foredge-to-edgecontact,suchasrockjoints,variousconstitutivelawscanbeused–e.g.,elastic/Coulombslip.

UDEC&3DECalsohavethe”continuouslyyielding”model,whichemployscontinuousfunctionsfortheforcedisplacementrelations.Thereisalsointernaldamageaccumulation.44/160DistinctElementMethodSolidbodymechanics TherearetwoformulationsRigidbodytranslationandrotationDeformablebodymechanics

45/160Rigidbodytranslationandrotation

Ifmostofthemovementinasystemtakesplaceinadiscontinuousway(e.g.sliding,opening,relativerotation,interlocking),thenthebodiesmaybeassumedtoberigid.DistinctElementMethod46/160Deformablebodymechanics

Ifthereisappreciabledeformationoftheintactmaterial,comparedtodiscontinuousmotion,thenthebodiesmustbetakenasdeformable.DistinctElementMethod47/160Deformablebodymechanics

Inordertomodeldeformableblocks,thereareautomaticgenerators–inUDECtodivideabodyintotriangles,andin3DECtodividebodiesintotetrahedra.Thefinite-differenceformulationfortheseinternalelementsisidenticaltothatforFLAC.Severallinearandnon-linearconstitutivemodelscanbeusedintheinternalelements.

DistinctElementMethod48/160TheExplicitDynamicSolutionScheme

appliedwiththe

DistinctElementMethod

49/160UDECsolvesthefulldynamicequationsofmotionevenforquasi-staticproblems.Thishasadvantagesforproblemsthatinvolvephysicalinstability,suchascollapse.Tomodelthe“static”responseofasystem,arelaxationschemeisusedinwhichdampingabsorbskineticenergy.Thisapproachcanmodelcollapseproblemsinamorerealisticandefficientmannerthanotherschemes,e.g.,matrix-solutionmethods.00BasisoftheSolutionSchememovie50/160OverviewofDEM&explicit,dynamicsolutionschemeTheformulationisverysimple.Forexample,foraballimpactingawall,massOnetimestep,

unknownsknowns(allcontacts,ingeneral)(allparticles,ingeneral)Fulldynamicequations

(integrationofNewton’s2ndlaw)

Explicit

solutionschemeThreeconsequencesofthisformulationareasfollows…(centraldifference–2ndorderaccurate)51/1601.Treatingeachbodyasdiscrete(DEM)

allowsdiscontinuousmaterial(suchasarockmass)tobemodeledeasily.2.Fulldynamicequationsofmotionallowtheevolutionofunstablesystemstobesimulatedrealistically.3.Explicitsolutionschememakesthetaskofhandlingnonlinearitytrivial.Examplesofnonlinearitiesare:(a)contactmaking&breaking;(b)softeningmaterialbehavior(rock-like);e.g.,forcedisplacementINPUTOUTPUTTheexplicitschemeusesatimestepsosmallthat

informationcannotpropagatebetweenneighborsinonestep.Thus,eachelementisisolatedduringonestep,enablingmtkD<S52/160ComputationCycleinUDEC

ksknFnFsDunDusAllthecontactsCONSTITUTIVE+MxiAtthecentroidALLTHEBLOCKSMOVEMENTzonenodeAttheelementAtthenodeMOVEMENTALLTHEBLOCKSRIGIDBLOCKSDEFORMABLEBLOCKSGoto53/160TIMESTEPThesolutionschemeusedinDEMisconditionallystable.Alimitingtimestepmustsatisfyboththecalculationforinternalblockdeformationandinter-blockrelativedisplacement.Forstabilityoftheblockdeformationcomputation:wheremiisthemassassociatedwithblocknodei;andkiisthemeasureofstiffnessoftheelementssurroundingthenode.Forcalculationsoftheinter-blockrelativedisplacement,thelimitingtimestepiswhereMministhemassofthesmallestblockinthesystem;andKministhemaximumcontactstiffness.Thecontrollingtimestepis54/160MECHANICALDAMPINGMechanicaldampingisusedinUDECforstatic(non-inertial)solutionsandfordynamicsolutions.Forstaticanalysis,theapproachissimilarto“dynamicrelaxation.”Theequationsofmotionaredampedtoreachaforceequilibriumstateasquicklyaspossibleundertheappliedinitialandboundaryconditions.55/160DYNAMICRELAXATIONIndynamicrelaxationblocks(andgridpoints)aremovedaccordingtoNewton’slawofmotion.TheequationsofmotionaredampedtoreachaforceequilibriumstateasquicklyaspossibleDampingisvelocity-proportional–i.e.,themagnitudeofthedampingforceisproportionaltothevelocityoftheblocks.

Velocity-proportionaldampingintroducesbodyforcesthatcanaffectthesolution.UDECprovidestwodifferenttypesofdampingtominimizethisproblemforstaticanalysis:adaptiveglobaldamping(DAMPauto)localdamping(DAMPlocal)56/160ADAPTIVEGLOBALDAMPINGAdaptiveglobaldampingisaservo-mechanismusedtoadjustthedampingconstantautomaticallysuchthatthepowerabsorbedbydampingisproportionaltotherateofchangeofkineticenergyinthesystem.Adjustmentoftheviscosityconstantismadebyanumericalservo-mechanismthatseekstokeeptheratio,R,equaltoagivenratio(e.g.,0.5).

Dampingforcesareintroducedtotheequationsofmotion:whereFi

istheunbalancedforce57/160LOCALDAMPING

Thedampingforce,Fdis:

InUDECtheunbalancedforceratio(ratioofunbalancedforce,Fi

,totheappliedforcemagnitude,Fm)ismonitoredtodeterminethestaticstate.Bydefault,whenFi

/Fm

<10-5inUDECthenthemodelisconsideredtobeinanequilibriumstate.Thedampingforceatagridpointisproportionaltothemagnitudeoftheunbalancedforcewiththesignsettoensurethatvibrationalmodesaredamped.58/160

BASISOFSTATICSOLUTIONSINUDECTheunbalancedforceratio(ratioofunbalancedforce,Fi

,totheappliedforcemagnitude,Fm)ismonitoredtodeterminethestaticstate.Boththeadaptiveglobaldampingandlocaldampingdynamicsolutionmethodsprovideastaticsolution(withtheeffectofinertialforcesminimized)providedtheunbalancedforceratioreachesasmallvalue.Thisiscomparabletothe“levelofresidualerror”or“convergencecriterion”definedformatrixsolutionmethodsusedinmanyfiniteelementprograms.InUDEC,theleveloferrorisquantifiedbytheunbalancedforceratio.InbothUDECandFEsolutions,thestaticsolutionprocessterminateswhentheerrorisbelowadesiredvalue.59/160ComparisonofadaptiveglobaldampingandlocaldampingAsimpleexample:tenblocksslideonaroughbase*Velocityproportionaltoout-of-balanceforcewithproportionalityconstantDynamicrelaxationwithstandardvelocity-proportionaldampingAdaptiveglobaldampingLocaldamping*60/160MASS(DENSITY)SCALINGForstaticanalysis,materialinertialmassescanbescaledsothatlocalcriticaltimestepsareincreased.Thevalueofinertialmassisirrelevanttomodelingstaticsystems,providedgravityforcesarecorrectlypreserved.(Notethatgravitationalmassesarenotaffected.)Criticaltimestepcanbeincreasedbecauseitisproportionalto.Theprocedure,called“densityscaling,”scalestheinertialdensityofblocksorzonesbasedontheiraverageblock,orzone,mass.DensityscalingisinvokedwiththeMSCALEcommand.Itisturnedonautomaticallywheneverlocaldampingoradaptiveglobaldampingisused.提纲3DEC(5.0)软件特点3DEC(5.0)理论基础3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析FullFeaturesof3DEC1、Discontinuousmediummodeledasanassemblageofconvexpolyhedraorconcavepolyhedra(formedbyjoiningtogetherconvexpolyhedra);blocksmayberigidordeformable2、Discontinuitiestreatedasboundaryconditionsbetweenblocks3、Motionalongdiscontinuitiesgovernedbylinearandnon-linearforce-displacementrelationsformovementsinboththenormalandsheardirection4、Materialmodelsinclude:elastic,anisotropic,Mohr-Coulomb,DruckerPrager,bilinearplasticity,strainsoftening,creep,anduser-defined5、Modelingattributesmayincludeabsorbingboundariesandwaveinputforfullydynamicresponse;"null"blocksforexcavationandbackfillsimulation;structuralelementswithgeneralcouplingtoblocks6、Extensive,fastinteractivemenu-based3DOpenGLon-screengraphics.Availableplotsinclude:jointstructure;blockstructure;displacementandvelocityvectorsandcontours;jointplanedisplacementsandstresses;structuralelementdisplacementsandstresses;and,fluidflowaperturesandvelocities.Hardcopygraphicsareavailableinseveralindustrystandardformats7、UtilitiesincludeapreprocessorthatreadsAutoCADfilesandoutputs

3DEC

datafilesforpolyhedrageneration;tunnelgeneratorandstatistically-basedjoint-setgenerator8、Built-inprogramminglanguage(FISH)providespowerfulflexibilitytocustomizeanalyses9、Explicittimemarchingsolutionthatprovidesrealisticpath-dependentpostpeakfailurebehaviorinjointsandplasticzonesFullFeaturesof3DEC10、Modeling"infinitedomain"problemsusinginner/outerregioncouplingandautomaticradially-gradedmeshgeneration11、Effectivestresscalculationperformedusingpore-pressuregradients12、Jointfluidflowwiththermalandmechanicalcoupling13、Structuralelementswithcables,beams,andliners14、Singleprecision,doubleprecision,and64bitversionsaresupplied15、Automaticmeshgenerationinfullydeformableblocks16、AutomatictimestepcalculationFullFeaturesof3DEC1、Improvedperformancea.Multi-threadedstressandcontactcalculations,2-3timesfasteronanIntel4-coreprocessorb.Improvedcompileroptimizationsc.Unjoin/Deletehasbeenspedupbyafactorof100.d.Fasterjoinedgridpointlogic2、ImprovedProjectsupportintheuserinterfacea、Pack/UnpackBundleofallfilesassociatedwithaprojectb、Canbesavedforarchive,orsentforsupportc、Builtintexteditorperformsbetteronlargefilesd、ContextSensativehelpforcommands(F1)intexteditorNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.03、Command-lineUNDOa.Undoanynumberofcommandsgiveninteractivelysincelastsavepointb.Implementedbyplayingbackarecordkeptofallinputc.Allfilesaffectingthemodelstatekeptaspartoftherecord

d.ModelStatepaneinGUIshowsrecord,allowscopy/paste4、ImprovementstoEulerequationsofmotiontoincludesecondordertermsforfastrotationofrigidblocks5、New"WALL"blocktype.Calculationsforwallmotionandwalltowallcontactsareskippedtospeedupmodelruns

6、AdditionalcontrolkeywordsforSolveFOS

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.07、FISHImprovementsa.Command-linedebugging

b.Improvederrormessagesc.Dynamicarrays

d.Zonefielddatafunctionse.C++

FISH

intrinsicplug-insf.Unlimited(subjecttomemorylimitations)

FISH

extravariablesforblocks,zones,gridpoints,contactsandsubcontacts

g.Inline

FISH

-executeoneline

FISH

programsasaparameterinacommandh.CancreatelocalvariablesduringtheLOOPcommandNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.07、FISHImprovementsi.EXITLOOPtobreakoutofaloopj.CONTINUEtoskiptheremainingcodeinaloopk.ELSEIF

l.Commandprocessorparsesnestedfunctionsorarrayswithargumentscorrectlym.Commandprocessorcanbeusedtoassignvectorvaluesf.FISH

fileopennowsupportsappend

g.FISH

arrayswillreferencecount,anddeletethemselvesifnointernalorexternalsymbolsreferencethemNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.08、Newgeometrylogica.Specifygeometricdataseparatefromthemodelb.CanbeusedwithRanges,Plottingandhasfull

FISH

accessc.Import/Export3DsurfacesinDXForSTLformats(andtwoItascadefinedformats)d.Create,modifyandmanipulategeometricsurfaceswith

FISHe.Paintmodeldataontogeometricsurfaces,forcontouringf.Builtinabilitytoassigngroupsbasedoncountingprojectionintersections,similarto"SpaceRanger".Availableforblocks,zones,gridpoints,contactsandsub-contactsg.Multipleextravariablesandgroupscanbeassignedtogeometrynodes,edges,andpolygons.

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.09、PlottingImprovementsa.Zoneplottingcapabilityi.Zonegroupsii.Isosurfacesofzoneorgridpointdata

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.09、PlottingImprovementsb.Detachable（可分开）

panesintheuserinterfacec.Plotjointpropertiesd.Improvedmousecontrolsforviewmanipulatione.Rightmouseforallcameramodification,lefttointeractwithplot/modelf.Lightingg.NewPlotExportoptions

i.Postscriptii.VRML,whichcanbeimportedintoAcrobat3Diii.SVG(ScalableVectorGraphic)iv.DXF

NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0h.NewContourRamps（斜面）

addedasoptionstoContourplotsi.RetooledUserDefinedDatai.Multipleextravariablesandgroupscanbeassignedtoeach

ii.MultipleImport/Exportformatsj.Additionalscalarsaddedtolistofvaluesplottedfromstress,straintensorsk.Improvedqualityofprintedoutput

i.Legends,charts,etc.aredrawnatprinternativeresolutionii.ReducedchanceofdifferencesbetweenwhatisonthescreenandwhatisonthepageNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0l.EqualangleStereonet（立体图）

ofprincipalstress/strainorientations,joints,and

FISH

extravariables

m.PaintingofcalculatedresultsonimportedgeometricsurfacesNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.010、DiscreteFractureNetworksupport

a.Generation,Import,Export,Plotting,etc

b.BlockscanbecutusingDFNgeometryc.DifferentjointpropertiescanbeappliedonthejointplanesoutsideoftheinitialfractureextentstoenablefracturepropagationNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.011、DENSIFYcommand

a.Usesexternallydefinedsurfacestodefine

3DEC

blockgeometryb.Subdividearangeofblocksintosmallerblocksc.OctreeblockingcapabilityNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.012、Watertabledefinitionfromgeometry(e.g.importeddxf)13、INSITUcommandcanspecifyprincipalstresses14、FullUnicodesupport15、Warningdialogboxa.Warningsareaccumulatedinapop-upboxthatdoesnotstopcommandprocessingb.Awarningleveltolerancetocausethedialogtoappearcanbedefined16、ImprovedCALLcommanda.Canstartatagivenline,oratalabelinthefile

b.CanstartmultiplefilesinonecommandExample:callfirst.dat

line30callsecond.dat

labellable1NeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0第一个文件名从第30行开始执行第二个文件名从标签lable处开始执行注：指定标签时，“:label”必须放在行首17、DENSIFYcommand18、"CopytoClipboard"optionaddedtotheobjectqueryInformationBoxNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.018、DatainExcelSpreadsheet19、Environmentvariableexpansioninsidestrings20、GUIcommandallowssavingprojectfileduringbatchprocessing21、Built-intexteditorperformsbetteronlargefiles22、Programoptionalfeaturesmaynowbeleased23、Securitykeyupdatescannowbedonedirectlyin

3DEC24、ImprovedSYSTEMcommanda.Canpassmultipletokens,andcanspecifyatimeoutduration25、Grouplogicavailableforblocks,zones,gridpoints,contactsandsubcontactsa.Unlimitednumberofgroupslotsb.GrouprangeelementsNeworImprovedFeaturesin3DEC5.0提纲3DEC(5.0)软件特点3DEC(5.0)理论基础3DEC(5.0)新功能3DEC(5.0)算例分析3DEC5.0

GraphicsCapabilities3DECMainWindowSavedstatesConsoleElementinfomationDatafilesPlotviewsPlotitemlistCaptionLegendViewinfomationAttributesViewcontrolLables3DECMainWindowFilemenuEditmenu3DECMainWindowToolsmenu3DECMainWindowLayoutmenuPanesmenuDocumentsmenuHelpmenu3DECMainWindowLayoutmenuPanesmenuDocumentsmenuHelpmenu3DECMainWindow执行新视图复制视图输出视图操纵模式查询模式itemviewinformationTerminologiesin3DECTermsdescribingtheattitudeofaninclinedplane3DECFilesProjectFile(*.3dprj)–Theprojectfilecontainsinformationrelatedtoa specific3DECproject.Thisincludeslinkstothedata fileandsavefilerelatedtotheproject,theplotviews generated

fortheprojectandtheguilayout.DataFile(*.3ddat)–ASCIIfilelisting3DECcommandsthatrepresenttheproblembeinganalyzedSaveFile(*.3dsav)–Binaryfilecontainingvaluesofallstatevariablesanduser-definedconditionsatstagethatfileissavedLogFile(*.log)–ASCIIfile

thatrecordstextappearingonthescreen intoalogfileHistoryFile(*.his)–ASCIIfilerecordofinputoroutputhistoryvaluesPlotFile–Graphicsplotfile(invariousstandardformats)MovieFile(*.dcx)–StringofPCXimagesthatcanbeviewedasa“movie”ModelBuildingin3DECTwoapproaches:CutupalargepolygonintothedesiredgeometryCreateseparatepolyhedraandconnectthemtogetherModelgenerationcommandstocreateandshapealargepolyhedronPOLYbrick

xl,xuyl,yuzl,zuPOLYface

xa1,ya1,za1xa2,ya2,za2...

face xb1,yb1,zb1xb2,yb2,zb2...

.

.POLYprism

a

xa1,ya1,za1xa2,ya2,za2...

b

xb1,yb1,zb1xb2,yb2,zb2...POLYtunnel keywords...POLYface

&

POLYbrickpoly&face0,0,01,0,01,1,00,1,0&face0,0,00,0,11,0,11,0,0&face0,0,00,1,00,1,10,0,1&face1,1,11,1,01,0,01,0,1&face1,1,11,0,10,0,10,1,1&face1,1,10,1,10,1,01,1,0polybrick0,10,10,1POLYprismpolyprisma(0,0,0)(-.5,.87,0)(-.5,1.87,0)(0,2.74,0)&(1,2.74,0)(1.5,1.87,0)(1.5,.87,0)(1,0,0)&b(0,0,4)(-.5,.87,4)(-.5,1.87,4)(0,2.74,4)&(1,2.74,4)(1.5,1.87,4)(1.