湖北省十堰市2023-2024学年高三下学期4月调研考试英语试题【含答案解析】

十堰市2024年高三年级4月调研考试英语本试题卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上，并将考号条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。3.非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将答案直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。答在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheweatherlike?A.Rainy. B.Sunny. C.Cloudy.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:It’swonderfulaftertherain.Thereisn’tacloudinthesky.Itissoclear,andtheairissofresh.W:Youbet!Let’sgoforawalkoutsideonthisbeautifulday.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwillthenextbusleaveforthetrainstation?A.At8:20. B.At8:30. C.At8:40.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,canyoutellmewhenthenextbuswillleaveforthetrainstation?W:Justintenminutes.It’s8:30now.Runquickly,andyoumaycatchit.M:Thankyou.I’lltrymybest.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthemanlose?A.Leathers. B.Apet. C.Asuitcase.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Canyoudescribewhatyoulostindetail,sir?M:Well,itisalargeleathersuitcasewithsomeEnglishlettersandanimalpatternsonit.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhichfilmdoesMikeprefer?A.Thehorrorfilm. B.Thehistoricalfilm. C.Thesciencefictionfilm.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Lily.What’sondowntown?W:Hi,Mike.TheGrandTheaterhasahistoricalfilm.TheStarCinemahasasciencefictionfilm.Andthere’sahorrorfilmintheSunshineTheater.M:Let’sgototheStarCinema.Theothertwofilmssoundboring.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inalibrary. C.Inacinema.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Iwanttoseeyourmanager.I’mreallynotsatisfiedwiththerestaurant’sservice.M:I’mthemanager.What’sthematter,madam?W:WhenIcallthereception,there’salwaysnoanswer.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Howdidthemangettothehouse?A.Onfoot. B.Bycar. C.Bytrain.7.Whatdidthemanhavewhentheystopped?A.Acolddrink. B.Afreshegg. C.Somehotfood.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:Didyouhaveanytroublefindingthehouse?M:No,notatall.WeusedtheGPS.Butitwasreallyalongdrive.W:Didyoustopanywhere?M:Yeah,weconsumedmuchstrength.Sowestoppedandrelaxedhalfwaytogetacolddrinkandstretchourlegs.Itwasreallyhotout,andtherewerealotofpeople,whichwasbeyondourimagination.Butitwasagoodweekendforaroadtrip.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Brotherandsister. C.Classmates.9.Howoftendoestheboygotothebookstore?A.Onceamonth. B.Twiceaweek. C.Onceaweek.【答案】8.C9.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Jim.Whereareyougoing?M:Oh,Lucy,I’mgoingtoabookstoreforstudents.Whataboutgoingwithme?W:No,thanks.I’mgoinghome.Hey,youngman,youaresohard-working.M:Whatapity!Doyourememberourhomework—pickingagoodbooktoread?IbelievetherearemanyclassicsontheshelvesnowW:Yes,butmymotherisexpectingme.Doyougotothebookstorealot?M:Notreally.EverySunday,IlikereadinginthebookstoreorbuyabookratherthanwatchTVathome.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Wherewillthespeakersliveonthetrip?A.Inawoodhouse. B.Inahotel. C.Inatent.11.WhatwillPaulatakeforthetriptothemountains?A.Bedding. B.Somefood. C.Cleaningitems.12.Whatisthespeakers’attitudetothetrip?A.Expectant. B.Hesitant. C.Critical.【答案】10.A11.B12.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Sam.M:Oh,hello,Paula.I’mjustcallingtoseeifyouwanttocomewithusonatriptothemountains?W:Soundslikefun!Whenareyougoing?M:NextweekendWe’regettingtherebybus.You’llneedtotakesomethingtoeat.W:DoIhavetotakemytent?M:No.Actually,we’llliveinawoodhouseonthefarminsteadofstayinginahotelandthemountains,wheretheownerwillprovideeverythingnecessary,includingbeddingandcleaningitems,likeyourtoothbrushandtowel.W:Cool.Whoelse?M:AnnaandDavid.Sotherewillbefourofusifyoucome.We’llclimbandexplorethemountains,enjoyingthesceneryandexercisingourwholebodiesalongtheway.Andthehouseisbigenoughforustohaveabarbecueintheevening.I’mreallylookingforwardtothetrip.W:Fantastic!Metoo.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Reportingtoherboss.B.Complainingofherboredom.C.Apologizingtotheman.14.Whatisthemanmostprobably?A.Areporter. B.Abusinessman. C.Adoctor.15.Whatdayisittoday?A.Friday. B.Saturday. C.Sunday.16.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Heoftenquarrelswiththewoman.B.Hislifeisalwayseasyandinteresting.C.Heseemstounderstandthewomanatlast.【答案】13.B14.B15.A16.C【解析】【原文】M:What’swrongwithyou,dear?W:Oh,Idon’tknow.Ijustfeelbored.Lifeisreallybusy.M:I’msorrytohearthat.IthoughtyouwererelaxedstayingathomeandlookingafterTommy.W:Butheisonlyababy!Youdon’tunderstandanything.Youleavethehouseearlyinthemorningeveryday.Andyouwon’tbebackuntilseveno’clockintheevening.ButI’llbestayingherealldaywithnoonetotalkto.M:But,youknow,oneofusmustgoouttowork,dear.W:Yes,butyourdaysareeasierthanmine.M:Myworkisn’talwayseasy.Ihavetoreadsalesreportseveryday,dealwithothercompaniesandattendregularmeetingswhicharenoteasyatall.W:Iknow,butatleastyouhavechancestotravelaroundsometimesandmeetdifferentpeoplewhileI’malwaysdoingthesamethingsdayinanddayout.M:Ididn’tknowyouweresobusyandtiredathome.Howaboutgoingtoseeamoviethisweekend?W:ButtomorrowisjustSaturday.ThereisnodoubtthatyouarealwaysbusyexceptSunday.M:Oh,Iunderstand.I’lltaketimeofftoaccompanyyoutomorrow,andI’llalsomaketimetotakecareofourbabywithyouinthefuture.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthereportabout?A.Amovie. B.Astorm. C.Avillage.18.Howmanyhousesweredamagedaltogether?A.36. B.14. C.200.19.Whatwerethefarmercoupleprobablydoingwhenhearingaloudnoise?A.Lookingfortheirchildren.B.Repairingtheirhouse.C.Preparingbreakfast.20.Whatwastheoldwoman’sfirstreactionwhenherhousebeganshaking?A.Rushingoutwithhergrandchildren.B.Takingsomethingout.C.Callingherhusband.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Welcometothenewsreport.LastMonday,astormhittwovillages.Theroofsoffourteenhousesweresobadlydamagedthattheirownerswereafraidtoliveinside.Thedoorsofsevenotherhousesweredamaged.Besides,thewindowsoffifteenotherhousesweredamaged.Onepersonwaskilled,andninewerebadlyinjuredandtakentohospital.Anumberofotherpeoplereceivedsmallinjuries.Altogetherovertwohundredpeoplewerehomelessasaresultofthestorm.Afarmersaidthestormbeganearlyinthemorningandlastedoveranhour.Hewasinthekitchenwithhiswifewhentheyheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslater,theirhousefelldown.Theymanagedtoclimbout,butthenhesawthatoneofhischildrenwasmissing.Hewentbackinsideandfoundhimsafebutveryfrightened.Anoldwomansaidthatherhusbandhadjustlefthomewhenshenoticedthatherhousewasshaking.Herfirstresponsewastotaketheirgrandchildrenoutimmediately.Therewasnotimeforhertotakeanything.Afewminuteslater,theroofcamedown.Rescuerswenttotheareatohelpthepeopleintrouble.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A2023CollectionofAustralianStamps(ExecutiveEdition)Exploreaboundtreasureofgummedandperforated(涂胶打孔的)stampspresentedinexclusivelayouts.Inadditiontoallthestampsreleasedin2023,thisbookgetstheessenceofstampcollectingwithfascinatingtextabouteachstampissue.IncludedisanexclusivegummedConcessionStampminisheet,the2022NativeAnimalsstampsand89mintstampspresentedinuniquelayouts.Thisgreatgiftcomeswith$124.25worthofstamps.Ournetworkofmorethan400ParcelLockersarefreeandavailablearoundtheclock,soyoucanpickupyourorderanytime.Withover3,600locationsacrossAustralia,getyourorderdeliveredtoapostofficenearworkorhome,andcollectduringbusinesshours.AustraliaPosthaspartneredwithhundredsofthird-partyretailerstoprovideanotheroptionforcollection.Dispatchisthetimeyourordertakestoleaveourwarehouse.Mostordersleavethewarehousewithin2businessdays.StandarddeliveryisfreeAustralia-wideonorders$30+.Forordersunder$30,wechargeaflatfeeof$5.Mostordersarrivetoyouwithin6businessdays.Expressdeliveryis$15.Viewcurrentdeliverytimes.ExpressPostisourfastestpostalservice,butwedonotguaranteenextbusinessdaydeliveryforOnlineShoporders.Internationaldeliveryisavailableforsomeorders,dependingonwhatyou’rebuyingandwhereit’sbeingsent.Mostorderstakeatleast10businessdaystoarriveviaanuntrackedservice.Transittimesvarybasedondestination—seeourinternationaldeliverytimesformoreinformation.Occasionally,highdeliveryvolumesandothernetworkissuescancausedelays,aswellaswheretheorderisbeingsent.21.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecollection?A.Itisissuedtwiceayear. B.Itincludes89stampsintotal.C.Eachstampispresentedwithatext. D.Allstampsareaboutnativeanimals.22.Howmuchshouldwepayforthepostageatmostbystandarddelivery?A.$5. B.$15. C.$30. D.$124.45.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TointroducethenetworkofAustraliaPost.B.Toadvertisethemostvaluablestampsin2023.C.Toinformpeopleofchangeofdeliveringmessage.D.Topersuadepeopletobuyabookincludingstamps.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇商品广告，主要介绍了2023年澳大利亚邮票珍藏集（执行版），包括涂胶打孔邮票、特色邮票故事、2022年本土动物邮票等。提供多种取货方式，包括超过400个包裹柜和3600个邮局网点。运费政策包括免费标准配送和快速配送，以及国际配送选项。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inadditiontoallthestampsreleasedin2023,thisbookgetstheessenceofstampcollectingwithfascinatingtextabouteachstampissue.(除了2023年发行的所有邮票外，每套邮票均附有精彩的文字介绍，体现了集邮的精髓)”可知，邮集中的每枚邮票都附有文字。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“StandarddeliveryisfreeAustralia-wideonorders$30+.Forordersunder$30,wechargeaflatfeeof$5.(是在澳大利亚范围内，30美元以上订单的标准投递是免费的。对于30美元以下的订单，我们收取5美元的固定费用)”可知，按标准投递，我们最多要付5美元的邮费。故选A项。23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Exploreaboundtreasureofgummedandperforated(涂胶打孔的)stampspresentedinexclusivelayouts.Inadditiontoallthestampsreleasedin2023,thisbookgetstheessenceofstampcollectingwithfascinatingtextabouteachstampissue.IncludedisanexclusivegummedConcessionStampminisheet,the2022NativeAnimalsstampsand89mintstampspresentedinuniquelayouts.Thisgreatgiftcomeswith$124.25worthofstamps.(探索一套以独特版式呈现的背胶及穿孔邮票。除了2023年发行的所有邮票外，这本书还以引人入胜的文字介绍了集邮的精髓。其中包括一款独家背胶优惠邮票小型张、2022年本地动物邮票和89枚别具一格的邮票。这个伟大的礼物附有价值124.25美元的邮票)”可知，本文是一篇商品广告，详细介绍了2023年澳大利亚邮票珍藏册的内容、特点、购买时间、配送方式和费用等相关信息，目的是说服人们去购买这套邮票收藏册。故选D项。BYuZeling,anaward-winningmasterofpapercutting,fillsherstudiowithcutoutsofanimals,people,andscenesthataresovividthattheyseemtoleapfromthewalls.HerartcoversvillagelifeinAnsai,aruraldistrictinShaanxiProvince.Ms.Yucametopapercuttinginthelate1970sasnaturallyasshebreathedtheearthyair.“Wewereverypoor,andwhenitwastimetocelebratetheNewYear,weallputpaper-cutsonthewindowstodecorateourhouses,”shesays,recallingtheholidayatherchildhoodhome.Ms.Yuandothersareworkingtokeepthefolkartalive,evenasitevolvesawayfromitsrootsasadornmentforfarmhouses.TheartoriginatedinChinainthecenturiesafterpaperwasinventedinA.D.105.Fullofauspicious(吉利的)symbolsfromdailylife,thedecorationsrepresentedgoodweather,manyoffspring,longlife,wealth,andhappiness.Usingnewspaper,Ms.YufirstpracticedcuttingtheimageofaChinesenationalflagthatshesawinaschooltextbook.Shecutit100timesbeforeshewassatisfied.Thenheraunttookover,introducinghertoincreasinglycomplicatedtraditionalthemes.Ms.YuwaslaterinvitedtotrainintheAnsai'sCulturalCenter.Afteryearsoftraining,Ms.Yubecameamasterinherownright,winningoneawardafteranother.Herworksareondisplayinmuseums.Butshe'shumbleaboutherachievements.“Iwas,andstillam,afarmer,”shesayswithasmile.Hopingtocarryonandgrowthefolkart,Ms.Yuvolunteerstoteachatfreecommunitytrainingsessions.PapercuttingisalsotaughtinAnsai’spublicschools.Ms.Yuisawareoftheneedtogobeyondprotectingtraditionsandembracenewpaper-cutexperiments.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adornment”inparagraph2mean?A.Celebration. B.Symbol. C.Invention. D.Decoration.25.Whatcanbelearnedaboutpapercuttingfromthetext?A.Ithasculturalvalue. B.Itfeaturesanimals.C.Itattractstheyoung. D.Itremainsinfashion.26.WhichwordbestdescribesMs.Yu?A.Authoritative. B.Vain. C.Devoted. D.Competitive.27.Whatisthetextlikelytobe?A.Abriefhistoryofpapercutting.B.Anewapproachtopapercutting.C.Anintroductiontoapapercuttingmaster.D.Thedirectionofatraditionalpapercutting.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一位剪纸大师的故事，包括她的剪纸作品、贡献、以及她为传承和发扬剪纸艺术所做的努力。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文““Wewereverypoor,andwhenitwastimetocelebratetheNewYear,weallputpaper-cutsonthewindowstodecorateourhouses,”shesays,recallingtheholidayatherchildhoodhome.(“我们很穷，到了庆祝新年的时候，我们都在窗户上剪纸来装饰我们的房子，”她回忆起她童年家的假期时说)”可知，划线词的意思是“装饰”。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Fullofauspicious(吉利的)symbolsfromdailylife,thedecorationsrepresentedgoodweather,manyoffspring,longlife,wealth,andhappiness.(这些装饰品充满了日常生活中的吉利符号，代表着好天气、多子、长寿、财富和幸福)”和最后一段中“PapercuttingisalsotaughtinAnsai'spublicschools.Ms.Yuisawareoftheneedtogobeyondprotectingtraditionsandembracenewpaper-cutexperiments.(安赛的公立学校也教授剪纸。俞女士意识到，除了保护传统之外，还需要接受新的剪纸实验)”可推知，剪纸艺术具有文化价值。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Shecutit100timesbeforeshewassatisfied.Thenheraunttookover,introducinghertoincreasinglycomplicatedtraditionalthemes.(她切了100次才满意。然后她的姨妈接手了，向她介绍了越来越复杂的传统主题)”可推知，余女士对剪纸艺术非常热爱和专注。故选C项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“YuZeling,anaward-winningmasterofpapercutting,fillsherstudiowithcutoutsofanimals,people,andscenesthataresovividthattheyseemtoleapfromthewalls.HerartcoversvillagelifeinAnsai,aruraldistrictinShaanxiProvince.(屡获殊荣的剪纸大师于泽玲在她的工作室里摆满了动物、人物和场景的剪纸，这些剪纸栩栩如生，仿佛从墙上跳下来。她的艺术作品涵盖了陕西省安赛农村地区的乡村生活)”可知，这篇文章可能是对剪纸大师的介绍。故选C项。CArecentstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasdiscoveredthatrivererosion(侵蚀)canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasinandexaminedhowtheerosionofvariousrocktypesbytheriverhadledtotheseparationanddiversificationofatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.Astimepassed,theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.ScientistThomasNearobservedthatthegreenfindarterwasexclusivelyfoundinthesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasin.TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear’sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.Thistreehelpedthemcomprehendtheevolutionanddifferencesofthegreenfindarterspecies.Theydiscoveredthatthefishwithinthesamebranchoftheriverweremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthantothefishinotherbranches.Thisstudyprovidesevidencethatrivererosionsignificantlyimpactsbiodiversityinregionswithlowtectonicactivity.Itillustrateshowchangesinthelandscapecausedbyrivererosioncanleadtothedivisionanddiversificationofspeciesovertime,eveninpeacefulenvironments.Thesefindingsenhanceourunderstandingofthemechanisms(机制)thatdrivebiodiversityandevolution,eveninareasthatarenottypicallyassociatedwithintensetectonicactivity.Subsequently,theteamdiscoveredastrongcorrelationbetweenthehabitatsofthegreenfindarterandthetypeofrockspresent.ThesouthernhalfoftheTennesseeRiverBasinconsistsofhard,tightlypackedrocks,resultinginturbulent(湍急的)wavesintheriversthatflowthroughit.Thischaracteristicmaybefavoredbythegreenfindarter.Asaresult,theteamassumedwhetherthedistributionofgreenfindarterhabitatshadbeeninfluencedbythechangingrocktypes,astheriverserodedthelandovertime.Totestthisassumption,theresearchersdevelopedasimulationmodel.Remarkably,theresultsconfirmedtheirassumption.28.WhatisnewabouttheMITstudy?A.Itfindsrivererosioncanenhancebiodiversity.B.Itfurtherprovesthemechanismsofrivererosion.C.Itprovesthegeographicalfeaturesofbiodiversity.D.Itclassifiesatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegreenfindarter?A.Theirappearancesvarybetweenfamilies. B.Theirgeneticconstitutionshavediversified.C.Theypreferthedeepandslow-flowingriver. D.Theygoextinctinthechanginglandscapeofrivers.30.HowdidNearhelptheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A.Bycreatinganevolutionarytreeofthefish.B.Byofferingthefish’sgeneticdata.C.Byreasoningoutthetimethefishevolveandseparate.D.Byanalyzingthegeneticsimilaritybetweendifferentfish.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RiverErosionCanShapeFishEvolution B.GeneticChangeintheGreenfinDarterC.EvolutionaryTreeAnalysisoftheGreenfinDarter D.TheImpactofClimateChangeonFishDiversity【答案】28.A29.B30.B31.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增强生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ArecentstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasdiscoveredthatrivererosion(侵蚀)canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.(麻省理工学院（MIT）最近进行的一项研究发现，在构造活动最少的地区，河流侵蚀会导致生物多样性增加。)”可知，麻省理工学院的这项研究发现河流侵蚀可以增强生物多样性。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasinandexaminedhowtheerosionofvariousrocktypesbytheriverhadledtotheseparationanddiversificationofatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.Astimepassed,theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.(研究人员将注意力集中在田纳西河流域，并研究了河流对各种岩石类型的侵蚀是如何导致一种叫做绿鳍鲷的鱼的分离和多样化的。随着时间的推移，这些独立的鱼类种群进化成具有遗传差异的不同家族。)”可知，绿鳍鲷的基因构成多样化了。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheresearchersanalyzedthegenesofeachfishinNear’sdatasetandconstructedanevolutionarytree.(研究人员分析了Near数据集中每条鱼的基因，并构建了一棵进化树。)”可知，Near通过提供鱼的基因数据帮助研究人员得出结论。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ArecentstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasdiscoveredthatrivererosion(侵蚀)canleadtoincreasedbiodiversityinareaswithminimaltectonic(地壳构造的)activity.TheresearchersfocusedtheirattentionontheTennesseeRiverBasinandexaminedhowtheerosionofvariousrocktypesbytheriverhadledtotheseparationanddiversificationofatypeoffishcalledthegreenfindarter.Astimepassed,theseseparatefishpopulationsevolvedintodistinctfamilieswithgeneticdifferences.(麻省理工学院（MIT）最近进行的一项研究发现，在构造活动最少的地区，河流侵蚀会导致生物多样性增加。研究人员将注意力集中在田纳西河流域，并研究了河流对各种岩石类型的侵蚀是如何导致一种叫做绿鳍鲷的鱼的分离和多样化的。随着时间的推移，这些独立的鱼类种群进化成具有遗传差异的不同家族。)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增强生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。可知，A选项“河流侵蚀影响鱼类进化”最符合文章标题。故选A。DAplanetthatsuffers475Cbeneathathickacidatmospheremaybethelastplaceyou'dexpectalien(外星的)lifeinoursolarsystem.ButoneNASAscientistclaimsthatextraterrestrials(天外来客)aremostlikelyhidingonVenusamidconditionsthatareunbearableforhumans.ThenewtheorywasputforwardbytheresearchscientistDrMichelleThaller.Shesaysthatpossiblesignsoflifehavealreadybeenseenwithinthecarbon-dioxidefilledatmosphere,addingthatshewasabsolutelycertainthatlifeexistssomewhere.VenusisoftendescribedasEarth'stwinduetoitssimilarsizeandstructure.Buttheirconditionscouldn'tbefurtherapart,asastronomersbelieveitwouldbeimpossibleforhumanstoexistonVenus.Positioned67millionmilesfromtheSun,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem,sufferingtemperaturesthatcanevenmeltlead.Itsatmospherealsoaddstotheuninhabitablesituation.Despitethis,scientistshavelongdebatedwhetherVenus'cloudsmayhostmicrobial(微生物的)lifeformsthatcansurvive.Manyscientiststhinkthatphotosynthesis(光合作用)ispossibleontheplanet'ssurfaceasVenusreceivesenoughsolarenergytopassthroughitsthickclouds.However,ProfessorDominicPapineau,abiologistattheUniversityCollegeofLondon,believesDrThaller'sviewsare“difficulttorealisticallyassume”.Heexplained,“Forlife-relatedchemicalreactionstotakeplace,liquidwaterisnecessary.Hence,tofindextraterrestriallife,weneedtofindliquidwater,andtofindextraterrestrialfossilsrequireslookingforspecialrocksthatwereassociatedwithliquidwaterinthepast.”ThismakeslifeonVenustodaydifficulttorealisticallyassume,becauseitssurfaceistoohot,althoughVenusmighthavehadliquidwaterinitspast.Evenstill,bothProfessorPapineauandDrThalleragreethattheicymoonsofoursolarsystemcouldalsobesitesofpotentialmicrobiallife.NASAsuggeststhereare290“traditionalmoons”inoursolarsystem-excluding462smallerminorplanets.32.WhatcanweknowaboutVenus?A.Itsatmosphereisthinacidic.B.ItismuchbiggerthanEarth.C.Itis77millionmilesfromtheSun.D.VenusandEarthareconsideredastwins.33.WhichstatementwouldPapineauagreewith?A.PhotosynthesiscanhappenonVenus'ssurface.B.ThickcloudsmakephotosynthesisinVenushard.C.Liquidwaterisimportantfortheextraterrestrials.D.SomerockscanprovelifeexistsonVenus.34.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusishigh.B.It'sveryeasytoconfirmlifeonVenus.C.Venusmighthaveliquidwaternow.D.ManyicymoonsgoaroundVenus.35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanyoufindthistext?A.Education. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Sports.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于金星可能存在外星生命的理论，以及科学家对此的不同观点。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“VenusisoftendescribedasEarth'stwinduetoitssimilarsizeandstructure.”（由于大小和结构相似，金星常被描述为地球的孪生星。）可知，金星和地球被认为是孪生星，故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Forlife-relatedchemicalreactionstotakeplace,liquidwaterisnecessary.”（对于生命相关的化学反应来说，液态水是必要的）可知，Papineau认为液态水对于外星生命是重要的，故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“ThismakeslifeonVenustodaydifficulttorealisticallyassume,becauseitssurfaceistoohot”（这使得今天在金星上的生命难以真实地假设，因为其表面太热。）可知，金星的表面温度很高，故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Aplanetthatsuffers475Cbeneathathickacidatmospheremaybethelastplaceyou'dexpectalien（外星的）lifeinoursolarsystem.ButoneNASAscientistclaimsthatextraterrestrials（天外来客）aremostlikelyhidingonVenusamidconditionsthatareunbearableforhumans.ThenewtheorywasputforwardbytheresearchscientistDrMichelleThaller.”（一颗温度高达475摄氏度的行星，在厚厚的酸性大气下，可能是我们太阳系中最不可能出现外星生命的地方。但美国宇航局的一位科学家声称，外星人很可能隐藏在人类无法忍受的条件下的金星上。这项新理论是由研究科学家米歇尔·塞勒博士提出的。）这篇文章更适合在报纸的科学版块中找到。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Havingaregulardentistcheckupisasessentialforensuringhealthyteethandgums(牙龈)asregularbrushingandflossing.Here’swhyyoushouldmakethetrip.Preventionisbetterthancure.Regulardentalcheck-upsarerecommendedtomaintainhealthyteethandgums.____36____Yourdentistwilladviseyouonwhat’srightforyou.Theaimofacheck-upistonipanyproblemsinthebud,beforeyouexperiencepain,loseteethorhaveotherhealthproblems.You’vehadanewmedicaldiagnosis.____37____Forexample,highbloodsugarlevelsinsalivacausedbydiabetesfavourbacteriawhichcancausecavities(蛀牙).Somemedicationscancauseoralproblemsrangingfromdrymouthtostainedteeth.___38___Moreandmoreadultsarehavingorthodontic(正畸)treatmenttostraightentheirteeth.Notonlydoesitmakeahugedifferencetoyoursmile,itcanalsopreventgumdisease,whichismorelikelytotakeholdifyoustruggletocleancrookedteeth.You’vegotbadbreath.Halitosis(口臭)isembarrassingandcansometimesleaveanastytasteinyourmouth.Youmighthaveaholeinyourtooth,aninfectionorgumdisease.____39____Yourfamilyandfriendswillthankyouforit.Checkforcancer.Dentistsdon’tjustlookforcavitiesandunhealthygums.Theycanalsospotmouthcancerandreferpatientstohospitaltoseeaspecialist.Caseshaverisenby34percentinthepastdecade,accordingtotheOralHealthFoundation.____40____A.Youwanttoimproveyourconfidence.B.Youthinkitistimetohavesomechanges.C.However,earlydiagnosiscansaveyourlife.D.Certainconditionscanaffectyouroralhealth.E.Youmightjustbebrushingtooenthusiastically.F.Itvariesfromthreemonthstotwoyearsdependingonyouroralhealth.G.Yourdentistcangiveyoutipsonfresheningyourbreathmoreeffectively.【答案】36.F37.D38.A39.G40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是应该定期看牙医的原因。【36题详解】根据空前的“Regulardentalcheck-upsarerecommendedtomaintainhealthyteethandgums.(建议定期进行牙齿检查，以保持牙齿和牙龈健康)”可知，此处讲述的是建议定期检查牙齿，结合空后的“Yourdentistwilladviseyouonwhat’srightforyou.(你的牙医会告诉你什么适合你)”可知，牙医会根据检查的情况告诉你适合做些什么，由此可知，此空处讲述的定期检查的情况，F选项“Itvariesfromthreemonthstotwoyearsdependingonyouroralhealth.(根据你的口腔健康状况，从三个月到两年不等)”讲述的是定期检查牙齿的时间是根据口腔健康情况而定，it指代的为空前的“定期检查牙齿”，且与空后的内容衔接。故选F项。【37题详解】根据空后的“Forexample,highbloodsugarlevelsinsalivacausedbydiabetesfavourbacteriawhichcancausecavities(蛀牙).Somemedicationscancauseoralproblemsrangingfromdrymouthtostainedteeth.(例如，由糖尿病引起的唾液高血糖有利于导致蛀牙的细菌。一些药物会引起口腔问题，从口干到牙齿染色)”可知，通过举例说明一些疾病情况会影响口腔健康，D选项“Certainconditionscanaffectyouroralhealth.(某些情况会影响你的口腔健康)”讲述的内容与空后举例内容一致，定期检查牙齿情况，如同进行一次医学诊断，帮助发现健康问题。故选D项。【38题详解】分析语篇可知，此空应为本段的主题句，根据空后的“Moreandmoreadultsarehavingorthodontic(正畸)treatmenttostraightentheirteeth.Notonlydoesitmakeahugedifferencetoyoursmile,itcanalsopreventgumdisease,whichismorelikelytotakeholdifyoustruggletocleancrookedteeth.(越来越多的成年人正在接受正畸治疗来矫正牙齿。它不仅能让你的笑容变得与众不同，还能预防牙龈疾病，如果你努力清洁弯曲