Drawing For Interior Designers By Gilles Ronin室内设计师绘画技能教科书 21

1/1DrawingForInteriorDesignersByGillesRonin室内设计师绘画技能教科书2PELfPECT(VEInascatedrawingyouhaveagoodviewofthelocationandcantakemeasurementasaccuratetyasyoucoutdintheactuatspace.Moreover,thisisthedrawingmostusedinbuiLdingwork.Inordertodothis,youneedtotrainyourse[fto[ookatspacedifferentLyfromthewayyounormaLlyperceiveit.Thuswearenowgoingtoconsidermore’visua[‘methdsofrepresentation-thedifferentkindsofperspectit6’tvtrufvtr’’f/d!’‘29lsornetricprolectlor-rThisformofperspectiveisveryeasytoappl.y.MoreoveritenabLesyoueventua[tytotakemeasurements,aswithafloorp|’an.Ineffect,theparaLleLlinesdonotconvergetowardsthevanishingpoint;theystayparallet.SeveraIvariationsexist,accordingtoltrfrhznryks,a:d,znaLd,toaftrlvvuwfavwtrlvfamrfrl,,cwnlk,r,rlt.azrrwvwrfrhzJcnwryrnft-lvyk*.2.v’ltaa\ttfarumtkrrutnlrtynrJvynra7r/4Wnr,.d,r14lrstlztrfrhzykw.1I4t’oturvetharvuvvrv’,rst/4.rLqrw6yussutl,e,aoaftdN(arglzlohv,*.AneffectofreductionTheprqectionviewdoesnotdistortlength.Itproducesaparadoxicalopticalillusion:thinkingwelreseeinginperspective,wefindthattheverticallines,that’stosaythewalls,arehigherthaninrealitybecause,iftheperspectivewastrue,theywouldcflectivelybedwarGdbytheeffectofdistance.Tomitigatethisimpressionwecancorrcctit,rLittlebyreducingtheheight,butthenyor-rlosctlrcchanceoftakingmeasurements.NoR(‘,MAlf’llDEt’lTl(AL’BvT/ll1l1lvlFII(AtllFl(i(ARrUNCHAN6D/rHE/)rA(,\)FlALlAPI-FloLoN’reR’t* ‘*ntfjlV!IH]H(:IROPJ(‘INALDMN(‘DNNOR-VlII*A]Rrf!.31Drawlrrgthroe-dlmrensiorralobtectsarrdfurrutureTounderstandthistechniqueoftheprojectionview,startwithsimpLeobjects,suchascubes,beforedrawingspaces.PractisebydrawingpiecesoffurnitureordomesticappLiances-thisisagoodexercisewhichwiLLfamil.iariseyouwiththeirshapesanddime,u1*,L,rn*orseLvuttarzdnucLya,rtfd,avt’smLfidd’ah4’ahvawryfrrnrlzvarul’g/loirt,duvizwisyraotwU,lJarne45yznyotwz,r,rl,varu,tlutgyraw(sudrawtrg,yefl.ora,wrhaJq.r{,vrrcotargl,evfrlugrcw,a,ykwvfrhanficorz.4.Drnwthzaryhvfrl,’zta.aLrDrtwtlztatLqh/,rhatuthzrarvfrfuarwu6.Ad.d,thfu4t33Destonanofflcesoace\JTakingadvantageofthebenefitsoftheprojectionview,i,e.keepingthedimensions,makesomedetailedstudiesofanobjectorasma[[pieceoffurniture.MorevisuaLthangroundplans,thesestudiesattowyoutoshowthickness,objectssuperimposedoneuponanotherandspaces.Thankstotheflexibil.ityofdrawinginpenci[,wecanintroducesee-throughviews,avoidingmuLtip|.eviewsofthesamethinq.AfotdawayofficeonashetfIfyouonlyhaveasmallspace,andnotmuchmoney,youcanmakeyourselfafoldawayoffice,evenamobileoneifyoufitcastorsonit.t.rt.f(4.rftybawug:drawtrsDrqwrlelrc‍ii:::l’34Groupingofficefurniture’l’lrclrrojcctionviewenablesyoutomovefurniture,rtorrrrrlsyoupleaseTryoutsomearrangementsItrlintltheonethatsuitsyoubest,beforebuyingtlrcvlu’iouselementsofyourofficecorner.zDr4wtlvdwUt/’/aF4+r’’1/;;’.qDrawuntllrtlurd.cwrt’s1ortrud,:sltclves,drawxr5,wvqtlaLrcW,J,4Ft,rurhrht,rr,arnyur,ti,onlynd.d,unaunalldradzrntl:-kny,yrr(ul.,a,cilrf‏cr,lwbr35FiaytngaboutwtthspaceFinaLl,y,wecanconsideraspaceasanassociationofwat[sandobjects.UsingagridtracedoutbeforeandptacedunderthepageIifthepaperisthinenough)atlowsyoutoptayaboutwithspacesasyouplease.Onceyouhavemastereotheprincip|.esofprojectionyouhaveatyourdispositionahightyusefuIinstrument,equivatenttoasma[[-sca[emodeL,buteasiertomodify.\.DrawingakitchenHereisanexerciseinusingprqection.Thepreli-nrinarydrawingofthecorneroftheroomandaframeworkof60cmsquaresautomaticallyenablesyoutoplaceunitstothecorrectsize.Thisvisual-r-iationoftheunits,evenifsimplified,enablesyoutogroupthembetter.tDf4warumfurrfeootnJf/artJftrarvkr/ilz)avrrsyavtrll’g1arlurumhrtflttlr,ewuwflq,hi4lllinr’.c$,cxykm’e/wu/W32,flvw*t*rrh.evyrflwnsrrq.r[s*lu.ohfrcvcntth.tdra*ugteagrcn/enst!.3Ad),shadl4yand,d,*auh,a,tl47zDrqwwfhzvzrfr,aaLuas,atrhzymtrl.:frvrwygc,t.Swapplngrour-rdkitchebathrroomrThisprojectmakesasignificantchangetothehome.InsomeotdflatsorhousesthekitchenisoftenfarfromthediningareaandthebathroomisverysmaLt.Whatwewanttodoisswapthemround,creatingakitchencornerinaLiving-roomwithadrningarea,andamorespaciousbathroomwithnaturaLlight.TheLivingroomshavcbeenen[argedbygettingridofadoorandtakingdownapartitionwatL.ThisisshowninthefoLLowingexampte,wherealayouthasatreadybeendone{seep.26lr.Hs oa.nwXSwayrwraLLtMadlninaa,rca,al.rrgn,uaLL,wrtfus/elvil,ah.d’rcvr(gcunksvd,i;yQywu,n.;Ilf.I4Ilvhotv.,nralluvrrlrlv,yvnlykwcxrcnl,t,t’(othot(vltlvlt,t,lta’u,wk,hnoda(yt,t17tnttt(,t0iltohawn’{(l,tvtl,tyINL(l,c(r46tfl.iltla*rr,’tlvvtwl.V+ut,Ihi,rtawt4ytl,w.r|attu,’kt,l,YtlvIuch,cnynu?sVlsrlahsil-rgakrtchrerrcorr-rerThisexampLe,takenfromthetransformationpage38,putsintopracticethestudiesmadeonkitchenfurniture,andthedifferentcombinationsonthe60cmmoduLe.Theprojectionview,likeotherrepresentations,showshereitsIimitations,becauseitisimpossibetoshowaspace,andthewaILswhichdelimitit,atthesametime.0ntythegroundplansandsectionsintheirwaygiveprecisesolutionstothisprobLem.However,projectionshavetheadvantageofraisingquestions,likethatofthepartitionwallnowsepa-ratingthekitchenfromtheentryhall,whichwas,dbeforethewallwiththebathroomdoor.(Thispar-.,6ntitionisstudiedonp.42.)rr’tlIi*,i4{t,iv-r,rohznfrvntgzvrnrlnzLt’v,g-rwmfiti.,J.\,t,r,Qrfrahttrtt’olne,wfrontyttrud‍unqhtelnalJ40PkruWytylcor.r’lwtyyarrrfrhaynrt,ringtheobjectofanobviouschange.Thepartitionbecomesthefron-tageofthekitchen,whilestillbeingtheendoftheentryhall.Wecantreatitwithelementswhichhavesomeofthepropertiesofafaqade,suchaslouvres,venetianblindsandhouseplants.IHEVAR.]OV(TTA6Effal,:euul.,rgrfrh,e,yarzLn-rhzuj,rfrhaenrryhallcknkzyr,nwexanyLe,nnl’flwrransfvrYnafw.42l)ilotstudyofthelowerpartwithopenshelves.Theuppclrpartrcfcrcnccsthekitchen,andispresentedrsitsluq:ldc.()utlrclcftisastaudwithapotoflrcrlrs,unclorrtlrcrightisrrsystcnloflouvres.Thctoppilrthidcsllight,cvokingthcshtrttersofrrbistt’tl.Preparatorydrawingsthl,yartruwWfrvvvtlvfal,nutlwghv,twtttluLmpw(theentrance,withstoragedrawers.InthcLrppcrpart,theobjectiveisnottoindicatethckitclrcnbeyond.oymyarrttttrAaruvd,43TransfornrrlrrgaflatInthisotherexampLe,itisaspacewithadoubteorientationwhichwiLl,becreatedinswitchinqroundthekitchenandbathroom.rlv,hobftnr.r1,,,e4,aci,htuyku/vrvilzynrrsfl+at}nt’trtt,r,u,a,hl,7fuwaLl,t4rcfr4hqtrch.t’,*lohqllnwa/werall/ttur(,wluohngrcrurl,/nesfromwhatourvisionmakesofwhattheevesees.Betweentheeyeandtheout[inesofanobjectwecandrawthesidesofanangle,theangteatwhichweseetheobject.Wecanobservethatiftheobjectmovesfurtheraway,thisangLebecomesnarrower,andtotheeye,thenhier-tseemqtnhesmatLer.Thisistheeffectknownasnersnectivp,.r/nzdrqwuVtzlarvturlvLwrf4ry.,--’,ug;’I’rle*holzorl,lzoru*rfynrahlr’wtreussar(yhnzurraL-Mr4(u49ThehorizonThemultiplicationofparallellines*generatesawholeseriesofvanishingpoints,alignedtoeachother.Thisalignmentiscalledthehorizon.Thrslinedoesnotappearofcourse,butitisrecom-mendedtoplaceitinarealisticdrawingaswellasinanimaginaryone,becauseitistheprincipalreferencepointforfixingperspective.50hcl96rluyruntwthzhrqvnhrd’mvzrcbaLlcnzml’toarcrlq#urvtrluerbnatfllftdulfr{T,rluyonrwnrfrl.’zvtvrver.Movingthevanishingpointonthehorizon’W’henwemove,thevanishingpointofthelinesinonedirectionseemstomovetoo.-Wecanexpe-riencethisinaroombylookingatthevanishingpointofthetiling.Thisshowsthatthevanishingpointisnotjustaneffectoflines,butalsoane{fectofourvisionandourpositioninaspace.rlqrturwl,ateahn4rwvlttN,rvrluhfr,tr1TheheightofthehorizonOurpositioninaspaceaffectsboththevanishingpointandthehorizon.Inthedrawingsonthrspage,lookattheviewfromaboveandbelow.Theyshowclearlythatthehorizon,attheheightofthevanishingpoint,theconvergenceoftheedgesoftheshelves,isateyelevel.Andifwestandhigher,orsitlower,wecanseethatthehorizonfollowsourmovement.TheheightofthehorizoninthedrawingOncetheheightofthehorizonhasbeenesta-blishedinaspace,itmustbeshownintherw4tHrTheheightofthehorizon,peopteandthesca[eThehorizonbeingateyeleveloftheobserver(about1.5metresifhe,/sheisstanding)itfollowsthatifotherpeople,positionedinthesameway,areshowninthedrawing,theireyeswillbhvelf,tlupturnftatNlsrvrl’.crglrtwl’+ktclowtlvI’uglxrfrl,.tpryhttanl#g,rs,*’lKEP7,reAcrvCITOUT/fE.ffFWr/ALP-A.L6Lr’t.ThevlewfronnthefrontThisistheviewfacingyou,themainpart,usuat[ythewatIfromthebottom,showninetevationandthesidesinperspective.ThewaL[isnotdistortedbyperspective-thesidesstayparatle[,theproportionsarekeptandwecanchoosewhichscaletouse.FLoNT4lVtFWterrnrallLMsThisviewpresentsalltheadvantagesofperspec-tive,andinanarchitecturaldrawingoftheinterioritallowsustoshowthefloor,thesidewallsandalltheelementsseenhere-furnitureandthearran-gementofdetaiis-inamuchmorerealisticwaythanaprojection.Moreover,ifwetakeaphoto,keepingcheaxisoftheobjecthorizontalandperpendiculartothewall,wegetafrontalview.’Wehavetheimpressionofbeinginthespaceshown,whilewiththeprojectionviewwewereoutside.Inprinciplethereisnolongertheproblemofwallsinfronthidingthings,wallswhichhavetobedeletedormadetransDarenr.i1iLkrwqllatflrc,zh/,)54TheprinciplesofafrontaIview,rl*ohrfdwyar’zlfrvnrht,tvtrcmzv,tedzfinztlll,tgknfrhzhortzy*,whrrhorrrtsfrnl,trcrl,egtlzvdafrl,ztturvcr,TheprobtemofdepthAtthisstagcthcrcrcrnainsoneproblem:howtodcflrrcthcdcpth.Irrcftc.ct,trothingallowsustodrrrwthclirrcsinfirlntoforbclrindthcbackwallif’thcyru’cpirlltllcltoit.Tlrcyilrc;lt0ccrtairrdis-tlncc,l.lovclncdlrypctspcctivc,urrdwcrrccdrwayof’fixirrgthisrlistlrrt’c.lrrtlrctillklwingpagcsyouwillfindrlncxit(‘tntcthodot’doirrgthis.Thcprin-ciplcissirrrplc,lrut,ifgeorrretryisllotyourthing,tlrr.cxplilrratirlrrnriglrtsceilrrilther0lrstraet.lfyouwiulftorltawcxtrctpclspcctivcsyoulrirvctoapplyit,lrtrtfirrske.tchlrooksturlies,wlriclrwcurcrnairrlyitttr.rcstcdirtltclc,itiscrrouglrkruudcrstirrrclthepriut’iple,iurdtlrcrrapplyirbyguesswork,inordertorvoidobviorrrerlonofpcrccpti()n.g.wt,olnutznyuskbrufwtl’zvanuhwglvtntrwrl,zhrtvruaentre,ffiwrghr,whbl,orrreslrnlsrctl,,e,