考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷2（共65题）

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷2（共4套）（共65题）考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Nexttosnakesandcrocs,Australiansimaginesharkstobethecountry'smostdangerouscreature.TimWinton,anauthor,callssharks"substitutefortheDevil".SevenswimmersinthreeyearshavediedfromsharkattacksinMrWinton'shomestateofWesternAustralia.Thestate'sgovernment,ledbyColinBarnett,isnowtakingrevenge.InlateNovemberaskilledsurferdiedfromasharkattack.Aweeklaterasharkkilleda19-year-oldinNewSouthWales.Thetragediesfedpublicanxieties.MrBarnettorderedno-gozonesforsharkstobesetupoffshore,markedbylinesofbaitedhooks.Anysharkcaughtonthemmorethanthreemetreslongwastobeshot.ThefirstsharkcaughtinthisstrategywasshotonJanuary26th.MrBarnettsayshehasto"protectthepeopleofWesternAustralia".Butpreviouslyhostilepopularattitudestowardssharksareshifting.PlentyofWesternAustralians,alongwithenvironmentalistsandsharkexperts,deplorethenewpolicy.InearlyJanuary,attheheightofthesummerholidayseason,morethan4,000protestersswampedCottesloeBeachinPerth,withsignsreading"SaveOurSharks"and"ScienceNotSlaughter".OfAustralia's180orsosharkspecies,onlyafewaredangeroustohumans:chiefly,bullsharks,tigersharksandgreatwhites,whichareprotectedunderfederallaw.TheirnumbershavesufferedfromthetradeinsharkfinsforsoupinAsia,whichAustraliaandothershavebanned.Nonetheless,thefederalgovernmenthasgivenitsconservativecounterpartinWesternAustraliaanexemptionfromprotectinggreatwhitesunderits"catch-and-kill"policy.Despitetherecentattacks,deathsfromsharksarerare—anaverageofjustonepersonayearforthepasthalf-centuryaroundAustralia'svastcoastline,saystheAustralianSharkAttackFile,aresearchoutfitatTarongaZooinSydney.Bycontrast,anaverageof120peopledrowneachyearoffbeachesandinharboursandrivers.TherehasbeennofatalsharkattackatBondibeachinSydney,Australia'smostpopularstrand,since1929.1、TimWintoncallssharks"substitutefortheDevil"because______.A、theyareasuglyasDevilB、theyhavekilledmanyvictimsC、theyarethemostdangerouscreatureD、theyaremoredangerousthansnakesandcrocs标准答案：B知识点解析：根据“substitutefortheDevil”可以定位到第一段。答案就在本句话的前后。前面提到：Nexttosnakesandcrocs，Australiansimaginesharkstobethecountry’smostdangerouscrea—ture．根据本句话容易误选[C]。上文提到nexttosnakesandcrocs(仅次于蛇和鳄鱼)，故可以判断[C]和[D]两项都是错误的。[A]项属于无中生有。文章提到：SevenswimmersinthreeyearshavediedfromsharkattacksinMrWinton’shomestateofWesternAustralia．可见TimWin-ton把鲨鱼称作“恶魔的代名词”是因为鲨鱼夺去了很多人的生命，因此[B]项正确。2、MrBarnett’spolicyincludes______.A、shootinganysharkcaughtonno-gozonesB、settinguprestrictedareasoffshoreforswimmersC、protectinghispeoplefrombeingkilledbysharksD、ensuringsafetyofbothhumanbeingsandanimals标准答案：C知识点解析：根据MrBarnett定位到第二段。选项[A]对应该段第三行：Anysharkcaughtonthem(指代no—gozones)morethanthreemetreslongwastobeshot．大意为：任何在“鲨鱼禁区”捕获的体长超过三米的鲨鱼将会遭到射杀。由此可见[A]项的anyshark是不准确的，故该项错误。选项[B]是对“MrBarnettorderedno-gozonesforsharkstobesetupoffshore”一句的曲解，原文说的禁区是针对鲨鱼(forsharks)，而不是针对游泳者，该项的forswimmers与原文forsharks不符，属于偷换概念，故错误。选项[C]对应最后一句：MrBarnettsayshehasto“protectthepeopleofWesternAustralia”．该项正确。选项[D]中的ensuringsafetyofhumanbeings这部分是没错的，但是andanimals错了，因为Barnett提倡猎杀鲨鱼，而不是保护。综上所述，答案为选项[C]。3、ManyAustralians’attitudetowardsthenewpolicyis______.A、doubtfulB、supportiveC、ambiguousD、opponent标准答案：D知识点解析：根据ManyAustralians，newpolicy等词定位到第三段。该段第一、二句指出：Butpreviouslyhostilepopularattitudestowardssharksareshifting．PlentyofWesternAustralians，alongwithenvironmentalistsandsharkexperts，deplorethenewpolicy．大意为：但是之前人们普遍敌对鲨鱼的态度发生了转变。大量澳大利亚西部居民、环保主义者和鲨鱼专家强烈反对这项新政策。其中deplore这个词明确体现出许多澳大利亚人的态度，如果看不懂这个词，可以根据上下文进行猜测。上文提到人们敌对鲨鱼的观点正在转变，下文提到人们不敌对鲨鱼，反而反对“杀戮鲨鱼的新政策”，由此可见deplore这个词和上文的hostile(敌对的)一词是接近的，故答案为[D]opponent(反对的)。4、AccordingtoParagraph4,whichoneistrue?A、GreatwhitesareprotectedinWesternAustralia.B、SharkfinisadelicatecourseinbothAsiaandAustralia.C、Somedangeroussharkspeciesareprotectedbyfederallaw.D、ThenumberofsharksinAustraliaisgrowinginthepastfewyears.标准答案：C知识点解析：选项[A]意为：大白鲨在澳大利亚西部受到保护。原文第四段第四行指出：None-theless，thefederalgovernmenthasgivenitsconservativecounterpartinWesternAustraliaanex—emptionfromprotectinggreatwhitesunderits“catch—and-kill”policy．其中关键的是anexemptionfromprotectinggreatwhites一句，大意为“免于保护大白鲨”，也就是说WesternAustralia可以不用保护大白鲨，与该项表述完全相反，故该项错误。选项[B]意为：鱼翅在亚洲和澳大利亚都是一道美味佳肴。该段第二句明确指出：TheirnumbershavesufferedfromthetradeinsharkfinsforsoupinAsia，whichAustraliaandothershavebanned．其中“Australiaandothershavebanned澳大利亚和其他地区禁止贩卖鱼翅"告诉我们，该项表述错误。选项[C]意为：一些危险的鲨鱼种类受到联邦法律的保护。该项对应该段首句：OfAustralia’s180orsosharkspecies，onlyafewaredangeroustohumans：chiefly，bullsharks，tigersharksandgreatwhites，whichareprotec—tedunderfederallaw．由此可见，该项表述正确。选项[D]意为：过去几年澳大利亚鲨鱼的数量有所增长。该项对应该段第二句：TheirnumbershavesufferedfromthetradeinsharkfinsforsoupinAsia…由此可见鲨鱼被贩卖，数量减少，故该项错误。5、Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat______.A、morepeoplediefromdrowningeveryyearthanfromsharksB、therehasnotbeenanysharkattackatBondibeachsince1929C、attacksfromsharksarerareinthepastfivedecadesinAustraliaD、incidentsofsharkattackoftenhappenatthemostpopularbeach标准答案：A知识点解析：根据最后一段的“deathsfromsharksarerare一anaverageofjustonepersonayear”和“anaverageof120peopledrowneachyear”我们可以判断[A]项的表述正确。选项[B]中的“notbeenanysharkattack没有任何鲨鱼袭击事件”和原文最后一句的“nofatalsharkattack没有致命的鲨鱼袭击事件”不一致，故错误。选项[C]“attacksfromsharksarerare鲨鱼袭击事件是很少见的”与原文第一句“deathsfromsharksarerare因鲨鱼袭击而死亡的事件是很少见的”看似接近，但该项把death换成了attack，属于偷换概念，因此也是错误的。选项[D]原文没有提到，属于无中生有。Whenasearchengineguesseswhatyouwantbeforeyoufinishtypingit,orhelpfullyignoresyourbadspelling,thatistheresultofmachinelearning,abranchofartificialintelligence.AlthoughAIhasbeenthroughcyclesofhypeanddisappointmentbefore,bigtechnologycompanieshaverecentlybeenscramblingtohireexpertsinthefield,inthehopeofbuildingmachinesthatcanlearnevenmoresophisticatedtasks.IBMsaidthismonthitwouldinvest$1billioninanewdivisiontodevelopusesforWatson,itscomputerthatunderstandshumanlanguage.ButthisweekGoogleenhanceditsleadinthisfieldbypayingaround$660mforDeepMindTechnologies,astartupinLondonthathasyettoannounceaproduct.ThebossofDeepMind,DemisHassabis,previouslycreatedvideogamessuchas"EvilGenius"and"ThemePark".DeepMind's75geniuseswilljointheworld'sleadinggroupofmachine-learningexperts,whichGooglehasbeenassemblinginthepastfewyears.Google'smainsourceofincome,itssearchengineandtheaccompanyingad-placementsystem,isdrivenbymachinelearning.Thefirm'sself-drivingcarsrelyonit,asdotheintelligentthermostatsmadebyNest,afirmithasjusttakenover,andtherobotsmadebyBostonDynamicsandotherroboticsoutfitsithasbeenbuying.Thetechnologyisalreadythebackboneofmanyotherinternetfirms.ItiswhyFacebookandLinkedlnhavethatslightlycreepyabilitytofindpeopleyouknow,andwhyAmazonandNetflixaregoodatsuggestingbooksandfilmsyoumightlike.Italsohelpsintelligenceagenciestoidentifyterroristnetworks.Asmachinelearningleavesthelabandgoesintopractice,itwillthreatenwhite-collar,knowledge-workerjobsjustasmachines,automationandassemblylinesdestroyedfactoryjobsinthe19thand20thcenturies.Forexample,thetechniquehasbeenappliedbyresearchersatStanfordUniversitytotellwhetherabiopsyofbreastcellsishighlycancerous,somethingthatuntilnowhasrequiredahumanexperttoassess.AnotherofDeepMind'sfounders,ShaneLegg,haspredictedthatartificialintelligencerunningwildlywillbethebiggestexistentialrisktohumansinthiscentury.ItsfoundershaveaskedGoogletosetupan"ethicsboard"toconsidertheappropriateuseofmachinelearninginitsproducts.Thecreatorof"EvilGenius"isensuringthathisnewoverlordstickstoitsmotto,"Don'tbeevil".6、Theunderlinedword"hype"(Para1,Line3)maybeclosestto______.A、confusionB、surpriseC、excitementD、despair标准答案：C知识点解析：文章背景的cyclesofhypeanddisappointment(——和失望的循环)中出现了“cycle循环”一词，因此可以判断hype应该与disappointment的意思相反。故四个选项中我们应该选择与“disappointment失望”意思相反的词。四个选项分别是：困惑、惊奇、激动和绝望。显然“失望”是否定词，四项中唯一一个表示肯定的词是excitement，故答案为[C]。7、DeepMindTechnologiesis______.A、agiantlikeGoogleandIBMB、anewcompanythatdevelopsvideogamesC、aleadingtechnologicalcompanyinAmericaD、anewlystartedfirmthatcooperateswithGoogle标准答案：D知识点解析：根据题干中的DeepMindTechnologies定位到第二段。该段第三行指出：DeepMindTechnologies，astartupinLondon…其中，“astartup一家新兴企业”与选项[A]“agiant一家大型企业”和[C]“aleadingtechnologicalcompany一家带头的技术公司”完全不符，故可以排除[A]和[C]两项。而[B]项中的developvideogames与原文倒数第二行“previouslycreatedvideogames”中的previously一词不符。再根据文章第二句“ButthisweekGoogleenhanceditsleadinthisfieldbypayingaround$660mforDeepMindTechnologies…”一句我们可以得知，Google付给DeepMindTechnologies这些费用，说明二者是合作关系，因此选项[D]anewlystartedfirmthatcooperateswithGoogle是对DeepMindTechnologies的最佳描述，故答案为选项[D]。8、GooglehasdonethefollowingEXCEPT______.A、gatheringtalentsonmachine-learningB、earningmoneyfromitssearchengineC、purchasinglargenumberofautomaticdevicesD、takingoverfirmslikeNestandBostonDynamics标准答案：D知识点解析：根据Google和选项[D]中的NestandBostonDynamics这些大写词共同定位到第三段。选项[A]对应该段首句：DeepMind’s75geniuseswilljointheworld’sleadinggroupofma—chihe—learningexperts，whichGooglehasbeenassemblinginthepastfewyears．由此可见选项[A]表述正确，其中gathering对应assembling；talentsonmachine—learning对应machine—learningex—perts。即该项不是该题的答案。选项[B]对应第二句：Google’smainsourceofincome，itssearchengineandtheaccompanyingad—placementsystem…其中该项的earningmoneyfrom对应原文中的sourceofincome。故该项表述正确，非答案。选项[C]中的purchasing让我们定位到最后一句的buying，该句的“otherroboticsoutfitsithasbeenbuying它(Google)一直以来购进的其他自动化装备”对应[C]项“purchasinglargenumberofautomaticdevices”，其中buying对应purchasing；hasbeenbuying(一直购买)对应purchasinglargenumberof(大量购买)；roboticsout—fits(机器人设备，自动化设备)对应automaticdevices(自动化设备)，故该项表述也正确，非答案。选项[D]对应最后一句：…madebyNest，afirmithasjusttakenover，andtherobotsmadebyBostonDynamics…该句指出，Nest被Google接管，但是BostonDynamics则没有提到，故该项的takingoverfirmslikeNestandBostonDynamics是错误的，故答案为[D]。9、TechnologycontributestoallEXCEPT______.A、stealingintoone’spersonaldataB、discoveringpeople’sacquaintanceC、recommendinggoodbooksandmoviesD、confirminghackerattackforspyagencies标准答案：A知识点解析：根据出题顺序以及technology一词定位到第四段。该段讨论technology的一些作用，“ItiswhyFacebookandLinkedInhavethatslightlycreepyabilitytofindpeopleyouknow”一句对应选项[B]discoveringpeople’sacquaintance。其中findpeopleyouknow=discoveringpeople’sacquaintance。“…andwhyAmazonandNetflixaregoodatsuggestingbooksandfilmsyoumightlike．”一句对应选项[C]recommendinggoodbooksandmovies。其中，suggestingbooksandfilms对应recommendinggoodbooksandmovies。“Italsohelpsintelligenceagenciestoidentifyterroristnetworks”对应选项[D]confirminghackerattackforspyagencies。其中identify(确认)对应con—firm(证实)；terroristnetworks(网络恐怖)对应hackerattack(黑客攻击)；intelligenceagencies(情报部门)对应spyagencies(间谍机构)。故[B]、[C]、[D]三项原文均有涉及，唯一没有提到的是选项[A]，故该项为答案。10、Machinelearningmaybeathreattoworkersbecause______.A、itwilldestroyallhumanjobsB、itmayleadtounemploymentC、itcandobetterthanworkersandhumanexpertsD、itcantellwhetherabiopsyofcellsiscancerous标准答案：B知识点解析：根据题干中的machinelearning，threat，workers等词定位到第五段第一句：Asma—chinelearningleavesthelabandgoesintopractice，itwillthreatenwhite-collar，knowledge—workerjobsjustasmachines，automationandassemblylinesdestroyedfactoryjobsinthe19thand20thcenturies．由此可见，“machinelearning机械学习”威胁工人是因为它能够“destroyedfactoryjobs破坏工厂工作，使工人失业”，因此选项[B]为答案。选项[A]allhumanjobs过于绝对。Iftheworld'seducationsystemshaveacommonfocus,itistoturnoutschool-leaverswhoareproficientinmaths.GovernmentsareimpressedbyevidencefromtheWorldBankandothersthatbettermathsresultsraisesGDPandincomes.That,togetherwiththesoul-searchingprovokedbythecross-countryPISAcomparisonsof15-year-olds'mathematicalattainmentproducedbytheOECD,aclubofmostlyrichcountries,ispromptingeducatorsinmanyplacestolookafreshatwhatmathstoteach,andhowtoteachit.Thosecountriesfretabouthowtocatchupwithoutturningstudentsoffthesubjectwithboringdrill.Topperformers,mostofthemAsian,fearthattheirfocusontechnicalproficiencydoesnottranslateintoanenthusiasmformathsafterleavingschool.Andeveryoneworriesabouthowtopreparepupilsforajobsmarketthatwillrewardcreativethinkingevermorehighly.Mathseducationhasbeenabattlefieldbefore:theAmerican"mathswars"ofthe1980spittedtraditionalists,whoemphasizedfluencyinpen-and-papercalculations,againstreformersledbythecountry'sbiggestteachinglobby,whoputreal-worldproblem-solving,oftenwiththehelpofcalculators,atthecentreofthecurriculum.Abacklashfollowedasparentsandacademicsworriedthatthe"newmaths"leftpupilsill-preparedforuniversitycoursesinmathsandthesciences.Butasmanycountrieshavesincefound,trainingpupilstopassexamsisnotthesameasequippingthemtousetheirhard-wonknowledgeinworkandlife.Today'sreformersthinknewtechnologyrendersthisoldargumentredundant.TheyincludeConradWolfram,whoworkedonMathematica,aprogramwhichallowsuserstosolveequations,visualizemathematicalfunctionsandmuchmore.Hearguesthatcomputersmakeroteprocedures,suchaslongdivision,obsolete."Ifitishigh-levelproblem-solvingandcriticalthinkingwe'reafter,there'snotmuchinevidenceinalotofcurriculums,"hesays.11、Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A、aman’ssalarymaybehigherifheisgoodatmathsB、mathsisthemostimportantsubjectinmanycountriesC、highscoresatschoolequaltogreatachievementatworkD、teachersinrichcountriesknowexactlyhowtoteachmaths标准答案：A知识点解析：选项[A]对应第一段第二句：GovernmentsareimpressedbyevidencefromtheWorldBankandothersthatbettermathsresultsraisesGDPandincomes．其中，bettermathsresultsraisesGDPandincomes与该项的表述相符，故该项正确。选项[B]和[C]文章没有提到，属于无中生有，错误。选项[D]对应该段最后一句：…OECD，aclubofmostlyrichcountries，ispromptingeducatorsinmanyplacestolookafreshatwhatmathstoteach，andhowtoteachit．其中lookafreshatwhatmathstoteach，andhowtoteachit(重新审视数学教什么、怎么教)说明富裕国家的教师也在苦恼如何教数学，这与该项knowexactlyhowtoteachmaths不符。故排除该项，本题答案为[A]。12、AccordingtoParagraph2,whichoneistrue?A、Richcountriesoftendobetterinmaths.B、Asianstudentsaretiredofboringexercises.C、Creativethinkingiscrucialforastudent’sfuturejob.D、Topperformers’crazeformathsdoesn’twaneafterleavingschool.标准答案：C知识点解析：选项[A]与第二段第二句“Topperformers，mostofthemAsian…”的信息不符，文章说“亚洲学生数学更好”，而不是该项的“富裕国家”，故该项错误。选项[B]的信息在原文没有体现，故错误。该段第一句提到：Thosecountriesfretabouthowtocatchupwithoutturningstudentsoffthesubjectwithboringdrill．(那些国家(富裕国家)担心如何赶上其他国家，同时又不让单调的练习题使学生对这个学科感到厌烦。)可见该项中的“tiredof厌烦”是根据该句“turnsb．off使某人厌烦”这一信息设置的干扰项。选项[C]对应最后一句：Andeveryonewor—riesabouthowtopreparepupilsforajobsmarketthatwillrewardcreativethinkingevermorehighly．其中，jobsmarket，rewardcreativethinking等信息表明该项表述是正确的。选项[D]中的“…crazeformathsdoesn’twaneafterleavingschool对数学的狂热在离开学校之后也没有减退”与原文“…doesnottranslateintoanenthusiasmformathsafterleavingschool．在离开学校之后，并没有转化为对数学的热情”不符，其中，“doesn’twane没有消退”与“doesnottranslateinto没有转化为”信息不匹配，故该项表述不符合原文。综上所述，答案为选项[C]。13、Manycountrieshavefoundthat______.A、teachingstudentstopassexamsismucheasierB、thereisgreatdifferencesbetweentestandpracticaluseC、knowledgelearnedatschoolisrarelyusedinworkandlifeD、mostpupilsareill-preparedforuniversitycoursesinmaths标准答案：B知识点解析：根据题干中的Manycountrieshavefoundthat定位到第三段最后一句：Butasmanycountrieshavesincefound，trainingpupilstopassexamsisnotthesameasequippingthemtousetheirhard—wonknowledgeinworkandlife．与之最接近的是选项[B]thereisgreatdifferencesbetweentestandpracticaluse。其中，difference对应原文中的notthesameas；test对应原文中的exams；practicaluse对应原文中的useknowledgeinworkandlife。故该项为答案。14、Reformersthinknewtechnologyis______.A、redundantB、ambivalentC、excessiveD、contributive标准答案：D知识点解析：根据reformers，newtechnology定位到第四段首句：Today’sreformersthinknewtech—nologyrendersthisoldargumentredundant．其中“rendersthisoldargumentredundant使得这个老生常谈的讨论变得多余"，其中，“argument讨论，争论”是相对不好的一个词，“redundant累赘的，多余的”也是一个否定词，因此该项表述是负负得正，是积极肯定的一个表达。四个选项分别为：[A]多余的；[B]矛盾的；[C]过度的；[D]有帮助的。显然四个选项中能够表示积极肯定的是[D]，故为答案。15、Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe______.A、MathsTeaching:TimetoReformB、Technology:CrucialinTeachingC、MathsTeaching:AHeadacheinEducationD、CriticalThinking;ImportantinEducation标准答案：A知识点解析：文章前三段围绕的主题都是有关mathseducation(数学教学)的，而technology，crit-icalthinking都是文章中提到的一些关键词，并不是全文一直在讨论的中心，故文章最关键的词应该不是这两个词，而是mathseducation，故最佳答案应该在[A]和[C]之中。文章第三、四段提到的newmaths，reformers等信息都告诉我们文章讨论的另一个关键词是“改革，革新”，因此答案为选项[A]。Walmartisatan"inflectionpoint".ThosewordsaretruernowthanwhenBillSimon,theheadofitsAmericanoperation,utteredthemlastOctober.HewastalkingaboutWalmart'splanforthefirsttimetoopenmoresmallandmedium-sizedstoresin2014thangiant"supercentres",andallthatwouldmean.Nowanotherbigchangelooms.OnFebruary1stthecompanygetsanewchiefexecutive,DougMcMillon,untilnowtheheadofitsinternationalbusiness.InsomerespectsMrMcMillonlookslikeanaturalchoicetomanageahugebeastthatinspiresloathingandloyaltyinequalmeasure.AnativeofArkansas,Walmart'shomestate,hestartedoutinoneofthecompany'swarehouses,roseasaspecialistinmerchandising(decidinghowgoodsaredisplayedandsoldinstores)andwasheadoftheSam'sClubunit,storeswheremembersbuyinbulk.Genialandapproachable,MrMcMillonmaycurethecorporateproblemthatafflictsWalmartwhenittalkstoits2.2memployees,toitsgiantcustomerbase(90%ofAmericansshopthereatleastonceayear)andtocriticswhosayitpaysmiserlywagesandsuckslifeoutoftowncentres.OnJanuary15ththeNationalLabourRelationsBoardaccusedWalmartofsackinganddiscipliningworkerswhowentonstrikein2012.Walmartsaysitactedlawfullyandclaimstopromote160,000peopleayear;MrMcMillon'sbox-shiftingcallusesmakesuchclaimsabitmoreconvincing.Yettheinternationalbusiness,whichhehasledsince2009,isnotthriving.Thisyearitisexpectedtoaccountfor28%ofsalesbutithasjustachieved19%ofoperatingincome.WalmarthasreducedcostsinChinaandBrazilafterexpandingtoofast.ConfusingpoliciesonforeigninvestmentinretailinghavehamperedWalmart'spushintoIndia.Walmartisco-operatingwithinvestigationsintoallegationsthatexecutivesinMexicobribedofficials;theinquirieshavebeenbroadenedtothecompany'soperationsinIndia,BrazilandChina.MrMcMillonisnottoblameforthesesetbacks,manyofwhichdatefrombeforehetookover,butneitherhashebroughtaboutaturnaround.16、Theunderlinedphrase"inflectionpoint"(Para1,Line1)isclosestto______.A、flashpointB、turningpointC、startingpointD、finishingpoint标准答案：B知识点解析：根据Walmartisatan“inflectionpoint”我们很难猜测inflectionpoint一词的意思，而下文的“Thosewords…andallthatwouldmean”都是细节信息，也没有什么词可以定义inflectionpoint，但是再往下我们会看到这么一句：Nowanotherbigchangelooms．其中出现了一个关键名词change，而且强调“anotherchange另一个改变”，可见上文提到的inflectionpoint对应change(改变，转变)。四个选项分别是：[A]燃点，[B]转折点，[C]起点，[D]终点。其中与“change改变，转变”接近的是“turningpoint转折点”，故得出turningpoint=change=inflectionpoint，[B]项为答案。17、AccordingtoParagraph2,whichoneofthefollowingistrue?A、MrMcMillonlookslikeahugebeast.B、SomeofWalmart’sstoresareabouttoclose.C、AtSam’sClub,membersbuyinlargequantities.D、InWalmart,executivesarealsoexpertsinmerchandising.标准答案：C知识点解析：选项[A]对应第二段首句，该句提到的hugebeast指的是Walmart，而不是MrMc—Millon，选项[A]纯属曲解原文。选项[B]该段未提到，故错误。选项[C]对应该段最后一句：…theSam’sClubunit，storeswheremembersbuyinbulk．其中inbulk(大量)对应inlargequantities，故该项正确。选项[D]对应第二行：hestartedoutinoneofthecompany’swarehouses，roseasaspecialistinmerchandising…文章提到McMillon既是管理者，也是商品规划专家，但并没有说“在沃尔玛，所有管理者都是商品规划专家”，故该项是过度引申，因而错误。18、Walmartwaschargedfor______.A、payingmiserlywagesB、goingonstrikeillegallyC、restrictingworkerswithdisciplinesD、dismissingandpunishingemployees标准答案：D知识点解析：根据题干中的Walmart，charged定位到第三段。该段中间有这么一句：OnJanuary15ththeNationalLabourRelationsBoardaccusedWalmartofsackinganddiscipliningworkerswhowentonstrikein2012．其中charge对应accuse，本题答案来自“accusedWalmartof”后面的内容，即sackinganddiscipliningworkers，其中sack表示“解雇”，discipline在此处不是“纪律”的意思，而是“处罚”的意思，故可知[D]项为答案，其中dismissingandpunishing是sackinganddisciplining的同义表达。19、WhichoneisNOTtrueaboutWalmart’sinternationalbusiness?A、Mr.McMillonhastakenitoversince2009.B、Itaccountsfor19%ofWalmart’snetincome.C、Itssaleshaven’treachedoriginalexpectationthisyear.D、Walmarthastotightenitsbeltinfast-expandedcountries.标准答案：B知识点解析：根据Walmart’sinternationalbusiness定位到最后一段。选项[A]对应第一句的“…whichhehasledsince2009”，其中“lead领导”对应该项的“takeover接管”。故[A]选项表述是正确的。选项[B]对应第二句：Thisyearitisexpectedtoaccountfor28％ofsalesbutithasjustachieved19％ofoperatingincome．其中原文的operatingincome(营业收入)被改成了netincome(净收入)，故该项表述错误，属于偷换概念。选项[C]对应的也是上面的句子，该句意为：今年国际市场预计占销售额的28％，实则只达到营业收入的19％。可见该项“今年销售额没有达到预定目标”的表述是正确的。选项[D]对应该段第三句：WalmarthasreducedcostsinChinaandBrazilafterexpandingtoofast．其中tightenitsbelt(勒紧裤腰带，节省开支)对应re-ducedcosts：infast-expandedcountries对应inChinaandBrazilafterexpandingtoofast。综上所述，本题答案为选项[B]。20、Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat______.A、unclearoverseaspolicieshavehinderedWalmart’sspreadB、situationsofoverseasmarketshaveturnedaroundforWalmartC、Walmart’sforeignmarketsfocusonChina,BrazilandIndiaonlyD、Mr.McMillonistoblameforproblemsofWalmart’sforeignbusiness标准答案：A知识点解析：选项[A]对应的是最后一段第四句：Confusingpoliciesonforeigninvestmentinretai—linghavehamperedWalmart’spushintoIndia．unclearoverseaspolicies对应confusingpoliciesonforeigninvestment；hinderedWalmart’sspread对应hamperedWalmart’spush。故[A]项正确。选项[B]situationsofoverseasmarketshaveturnedaroundforWalmart(沃尔玛海外市场情况有所好转)与该段最后一句butneitherhashebroughtaboutaturnaround(但他也没带来任何扭转)表述不符，故错误。选项[C]中的only一词是明显错误，文章并没有说沃尔玛的海外市场仅集中在这几个国家。选项[D]中的“McMillonistoblameforproblems…”与原文“MrMcMillonisnottoblameforthesesetbacks”完全相反，故该项错误。考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)In1930,whentheworldwas"sufferingfromabadattackofeconomicpessimism",JohnMay-nardKeyneswroteabroadlyoptimisticessay,"EconomicPossibilitiesforourGrand-children".Itimaginedamiddlewaybetweenrevolutionandstagnationthatwouldleavethegrandchildrenagreatdealricherthantheirgrandparents.Butthepathwasnotwithoutdangers.OneoftheworriesKeynesadmittedwasa"newdisease":"technologicalunemploymentduetoourdiscoveryofmeansofeconomisingtheuseoflabouroutrunningthepaceatwhichwecanfindnewusesforlabour."Hisreadersmightnothaveheardoftheproblem,hesuggested—buttheywerecertaintohearalotmoreaboutitintheyearstocome.Forthemostpart,theydidnot.Nowadays,themajorityofeconomistsconfidentlywavesuchworriesaway.Byraisingproductivity,theyargue,anyautomationwhicheconomisesontheuseoflabourwillincreaseincomes.Thatwillgeneratedemandfornewproductsandservices,whichwillinturncreatenewjobsfordisplacedworkers.TothinkotherwisehasmeantbeingtarredaLuddite—thenametakenby19th-centurytextileworkerswhosmashedthemachinestakingtheirjobs.Formuchofthe20thcentury,thosearguingthattechnologybroughtevermorejobsandprosperitylookedtohavethebetterofthedebate.RealincomesinBritainscarcelydoubledbetweenthebeginningofthecommoneraand1570.Theythentripledfrom1570to1875.Andtheymorethantripledfrom1875to1975.Industrialisationdidnotendupeliminatingtheneedforhumanworkers.Onthecontrary,itcreatedemploymentopportunitiessufficienttoabsorbthe20thcentury'sexplodingpopulation.Keynes'visionofeveryoneinthe2030sbeingalotricherislargelyachieved.Hisbelieftheywouldworkjust15hoursorsoaweekhasnotcometopass.1、AccordingtoMaynardKeynes,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A、Economicstagnationwilllastforalongperiod.B、Economicdepressionmayseemnotsopessimistic.C、Economicpossibilitiesmaybebrightforourgrandchildren.D、Ourgrandchildrenmaybemuchmoreaffluentthantheirforefathers.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据大写词MaynardKeynes定位到第一段。选项[A]的内容文章并没有提到，属于无中生有。选项[B]则对应第一句：In1930，whentheworldwas“sufferingfromabadattackofeconomicpessimism”，JohnMaynardKeyneswroteabroadlyoptimisticessay…该项的notsopessimistic对应原文中的broadlyoptimistic，属于正话反说，故选项[B]正确。选项[C]和[D]对应倒数第二句：Itimaginedamiddlewaybetweenrevolutionandstagnationthatwouldleavethegrandchildrenagreatdealricherthantheirgrandparents．[C]和[D]两项的“bright前景光明”和“affluent富裕的”与其中的“agreatdealricher更加富裕”信息相匹配，故这两项表述都正确。综上所述，该题答案为选项[A]。2、Thephenomenonoftechnologicalunemploymentappearsbecause______.A、machinewillfinallyreplaceallhumanlabourB、machinecancompletesomeworkthathumancan’tC、withtheadventofmachine,manyworkersbecomelazierD、thepaceofmakingnewmachineisfasterthanfindingnewuseoflabour标准答案：D知识点解析：根据题干中的technologicalunemployment定位到第二段首句。而dueto之后的内容即该题because之后的答案。该句提到：ourdiscoveryofmeansofeconomisingtheuseoflabouroutrunningthepaceatwhichwecanfindnewusesforlabour．大意为：我们发现节省劳动力使用的方法比我们找到劳动力新用途的步伐还快。而这个句子相当于选项[D]thepaceofmakingnewmachineisfasterthanfindingnewuseoflabour(发明新机器比起寻找劳动力的新用途速度还快)。故该题答案为选项[D]。3、Mosteconomistsarguethatautomationwillincreaseincomesif______.A、newjobsarecreatedB、productiveforceisboostedC、machinereplaceshumanlabourD、demandfornewproductsisgenerated标准答案：B知识点解析：根据题干中的mosteconomists定位到第三段第一行:．．．themajorityofeconomists…下文的theyargue即等同于题干中的mosteconomistsargue，故答案来自这个句子：Byraisingproductivity，theyargue，anyautomationwhicheconomisesontheuseoflabourwillincreasein—comes．(他们认为，通过提高生产力，任何节省人力成本的自动化生产都可以增加收益。)可见答案是与“raisingproductivity提高生产力”相关的内容，所以选项[B]为答案，其中productiveforce对应productivity：boost对应raise。4、Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat______.A、industrializationwillincreasetheunemploymentrateB、technologywillbringlessworkopportun