必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷（原卷版）

必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters单元培优综合测试卷其次部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024·重庆·三模）ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTSTheOpeningCeremonyofthe2024OlympicGameswillbebold,originalandunique.On26July2024,Paris2024willofferanOpeningCeremonythatiscertaintojointhemostmemorablemomentsinOlympichistory.AceremonyoutsideastadiumForthefirsttimeinthehistoryoftheOlympicSummerGames,theOpeningCeremonywillnottakeplaceinastadium.Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobeheldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞纳河).AceremonyontheriverTakingonanewlook,theparadeofathleteswillbeheldontheSeinewithboatsforeachnationaldelegation(代表团).Theseboatswillbeequippedwithcamerastoallowtelevisionandonlineviewerstoseetheathletesupclose.Windingtheirwayfromeasttowest,the10,500athleteswillcrossthroughthecentreofParis.AceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectatorsHoldingaceremonyopentoalargeaudience,withnoadmissionfeeformostofitsspectators,isamajorfirst.Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(码头),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswillneedtobuytickets.EightygiantscreensandstrategicallyplacedspeakerswillalloweveryonetoenjoythemagicalatmosphereofthisshowthroughoutParis.AceremonydesignedforandbyathletesByopeningwiththeparadeofathletes,Paris2024isbreakingwithtradition.AthleteswillbefeaturedonstageduringtheintroductiontoandthroughouttheceremonyaspartofParis2024’sconstantaimtoholdGamescreatedforandbyathletes.1．WherewilltheOpeningCeremonyofParis2024beheld?A．OnthequaysbesidetheSeine.B．InthecitycenteralongtheSeine.C．InastadiumneartheheartofParis.D．OntheeasternandwesternendsofParis.2．Whatdoweknowabouttheadmissionfee?A．Noadmissionfeeisrequired.B．Accesstothelowerquaysisfree.C．Ticketsshouldbeboughtfortheupperquays.D．Someviewerspayforwatchingtheceremony.3．Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A．ThehistoryoftheOlympics. B．TheprocedureofParis2024.C．Thenovelpointsofaceremony. D．Thechargingrulesofaceremony.B（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(飓风)‘asacommonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhousesallsummer.Thoughunwillingtoevacuate(撤离)fromahurricane,onSeptember15,myfamilywasforcedtoleaveourhomeformygrandfather’shouseseveralmilesaway.WespenttheearlypartofthateveningwatchingthehurricanedrawcloserontheWeatherChannel.Aroundnineo’clock,aloudsoundshookthehouse,turnedovertheroofandcarrieditoff.Sooncameanindoorrainstorm.Realizingthedamage,mygrandfatherbegantobeafraid.Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintotheheavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft.Wegothimbackinside.Ihadneverseenhimsoscared.Momfinallyaskedhimtoliedowninhisroom.Theleak(渗漏)hadprogressedrapidly.Itsoonbecamearaceagainsttimetoprotectwhattobesaved.Somepeoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchasthephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.Thenextmorning,itstartedtoclearup.Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm,thoughthesamecouldnotbesaidforthehouse.Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained,butinsidemanyofthethingsweresafe.MymomandIhadworkedtirelesslythroughthenight.Itwaslate,butwewerestillunwillingtogotobed.Wediscussedtherebuildingofthehouse.Underthebeautifulsky,wesuggestedlookingaftermygrandfathermoreofteninthefuture.Afterthisdisaster,Irealizedthetruththatthehurricaneitselfwasnotsoterribleifwelovedeachother.4．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．Manyresidentslivingnearthecoasttendtoleavetheplace.B．Manyresidentsareunwillingtoprepareforhurricanes.C．HurricanesoftenstriketheFloridaEmeraldCoast.D．HurricanesseldomhittheFloridaEmeraldCoast.5．Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathergooutintotherainandwind?A．Toprotectsomethingoutside. B．Toseetheconditionoftheroof.C．Toavoidthedangerinthehouse. D．Toknowhowserioustherainwas.6．Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?A．Whytheauthorfearedthestorm. B．Howthestorminfluencedthehouse.C．Howpeoplehelpedeachotherinthestorm. D．Whattheauthorwasreadytosavefromthestorm.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?A．Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings. B．Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster.C．Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair. D．Thehousesurvivedthehurricane.C（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues(疯狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayandallovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.Roguewavesappeartoformwhenlargeroughwavespassthroughoneanother,combiningtoformhugewallsofwater,accordingtoNOAA．However,whyandwheretheyappearisunclear.Butusing700years’worthofoceandataincludinghistoricalrecordsanddatafrombuoys(浮标)in158locationsaroundtheworld,researchershavenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese“hugebeasts”.“Theyarecausedbyacombinationofmanyfactorsthat,untilnow,havenotbeencombinedintoasingleriskassessment,”saidleadauthorDionHäfner.Häfnerandhisco-workersmappedthefactorsthatmayleadtoroguewavesandusedAItomakeasinglemodelthatcoulddeterminethelikelihoodthataroguewavewillform.Theteamtrainedaneuralnetworkusinghistoricalwavedata.Thisgeneratedasystemthatlearnedthecausesofroguewavesbyitselfandcouldworktopredictthem.ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.Thismeansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.SoHäfner’steamappliedanotherformofmachinelearning,whichproducedanequation(综合体)whenfeddata,ratherthanjustasingleprediction,helpingtheresearcherstounderstandhowtheAIreacheditspredictions.“Ouranalysisdemonstratesthatabnormalwavesoccurallthetime.Infact,weregistered100,000wavesinourdatasetthatcanbedefinedasroguewaves,”Häfnersaid.Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofaroguewave,Häfneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompaniescanusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternativecourse.8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Byusinganexample. B．Bygivingadefinition.C．Bydrawingacomparison. D．Bymakinganassumption.9．Whatcanthesystemdoaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Monitorhugeseacreatures. B．Guideshipsaroundinthesea.C．Preventrougewavesfromoccurring. D．Forecastthehittingofroguewaves.10．WhatisthedisadvantageoftheAI’smethods?A．Theyaren’tvisuallyavailable. B．Theydependontoomanyfactors.C．Theymakeinaccuratepredictions. D．Theydon’tprocessdatasystematically.11．HowdoesHäfnerfindthesystem?A．Itrequiresmorefieldtests. B．Ithasbeenwidelyused.C．Itneedsfurtherimprovement. D．Ithasapromisingfuture.D（2024·广西南宁·二模）InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestrucktheNotoPeninsula(能登半岛)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(断层线)liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.Lastfall,researchersattheUniversityofTexasatAustinincreasedsuchhopesforearthquakepredictionwithaseven-monthtrialinChina.Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.ThetrialwaspartofaninternationalA．I.-designcompetition,oneofafewsucheventsheldinrecentyearstoadvanceearthquakepredictiontechnologies.SergeyFomel,ageoscientistatUTAustinandamemberoftheresearchteam,saysinastatement.“We’renotyetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwasanimpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.”Additionally,machinelearningcouldhelpdetecthiddenpatternsindataorcollectmoredatatobetterinformearthquakeforecasting,HutchisonwritesforMITTechnologyReview.Forexample,someresearchersareshowinghowA．I.mightuserecordingsfromaspecificseismicsitetoanticipateanearthquake’smagnitude.Oneteamhasbuiltandtrainedneuralnetworkstopredictwhereaftershocksmayoccurafteraninitialstrike.Andothersareusingmachinelearningtoidentifyandextractseismicwaves—thevibrationsthatspreadthroughtheearthduringtectonicactivity(构造活动)—fromothernoisesintheground.12．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainaconcept. B．Tointroduceanewtopic.C．Tosupplyasummary. D．Toprovideanexample.13．Whatmadesomeresearchersoptimisticabouttheearthquakeforecasting?A．Therecentprogressintheories. B．Theuseoftraditionalmethods.C．Theincreasingnumberofearthquakes. D．Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence.14．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThetrialwasconductedbyChinese. B．Thealgorithmwastotallysuccessful.C．A．I.showspromiseinearthquakeprediction. D．TheA．I.competitiononlyfocusedonearthquakes.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Japan’sVulnerabilitytoEarthquakes B．HelperinPredictingEarthquakes—A．I.C．TheImpossibilityofEarthquakePrediction D．InternationalEffortstoPredictEarthquakes其次节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·重庆·模拟猜测）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedtomovewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlyingtissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.18.Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keepdrinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2024·广东肇庆·二模）ElmerWhitakersighedashelookedoverhismuddycrops.Aterrible21hadsweptthroughhisfarmthenightbefore,andhiscropswerenowcoveredin22anddestroyed.Hisneighbor,akindyoungmannamedThomas,23toofferhishelp."Whatadisaster,“Whitakersaid.”Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield.Ifeel24anddon'tknowwhattodonow.Thomascalmedhimdownandthoughtforamoment.“Iseethisnotasadisasterbutasan25,”hesaid.Whitakerlookedathim26.“Howcanitbe?”heasked.Thomassmiled27,“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew.You’vealwaysgrownbeansandcabbages.Whynottryplanting28cropsthatwillalsofitinthissoil?Youcandiversifyandtherefore29yourfarmonceagain.”ElmerWhitakerconsideredthis.Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.Thisdisastercouldpushhimtomakehisfarm30andsustainableinanewway.“Youhave31me,”Whitakersaid.HeclappedThomasontheback.“Thankyouforshowingmetheopportunityinthisdifficulty.”AndsoWhitaker32newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain.Farmersfromneighboringtownswere33withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields,andtheybeganto34theircropsaswell.ElmerWhitaker’sfarmhasbecomea35ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatineverystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth.21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust23．A．wenton B．setoff C．cameby D．burstin24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless25．A．opportunity B．agreement C．intention D．element26．A．asusual B．indisbelief C．onpurpose D．withpride27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．abandon30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2024·辽宁·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThemainstructureoftheDatengxiawaterresourcesmanagementfacilityinSouthwestChinahasbeencompletedfourmonthsahead36schedule,theMinistryofWaterResourcessaidonSaturday.Theproject,37islocatedintheXijiangRiver,haseightpowergeneration38(unit),eachwithaninstalledcapacityof200,000kilowatts(千瓦).Itcan39(annual)generatemorethan6billionkilowatthoursofelectricity.Incooperationwithotherreservoirs(水库),theprojectcanhelpWuzhou,acitywith40populationofover2.8millioninGuangxi,dealwithonce-in-a-hundred-yearfloods.Previously,thecitywasonlyabletoholdfloodsthatoccuronceevery50years.TheprojectalsoenablessomecitiesinthePearlRiverDelta41(resist)floodsthathappenonceeverytwocenturies.TheministrysaidtheDatengxiafacilitywillalsoprovidestrongsupportforruraldevelopment,offeringirrigation(浇灌)waterto80,000hectaresoffarmlandand42(address)drinkingwatershortageforalmost1.4millionpeopleinGuangxi.Theprojecthasalreadyplayed43(significance)rolesinthepastthreeyearswhenitwasputintotrialoperation.Forexample,inJunelastyear,ithelpedprevent44storeabout700millioncubicmetersoffloodwaterwhentheXijiangRiver45(hit)byaflood.Inthepeak,itreducedwaterflowby3,500cubicmeterspersecond.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)（2024·江西萍乡·二模）你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“FocusonFireSafety,CherishLife”的新闻报道，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动过程和感受。留意：1.写作同数应为80个左右。2.参考词汇：灭火器fireextinguishers;消防栓firehydrants___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________其次节(满分25分)（2024·江西南昌·三模）阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。SamanthaandJakehadalwaysbeenclosetonature.Growingupinasmallcottagesituateddeepwithinathrivingforest,theyfoundcomfortandwonderinthebeautyofthenaturalworld.Theirdailyadventuresincludedexploringthewoods,listeningtothebirdsong,andgazingatthestarrynightsky.However,astheyearspassed,theycouldn’thelpbutnoticethegradualchangesintheirbelovedforest.BythetimeSamanthaturnedsixteenandJakewasthirteen,theybegantowitnesstheeffectsofdeforestationontheirwonderland.Thesoundofchainsaws(电锯)andthesightoffallentreesbecameincreasinglycommon.Thesiblingswerefeelingextremelyshockedandsadbythelossoftheforesttheyhadcherishedsincechildhood.Oneday,afteraparticularlydishearteningwalkthroughthedecreasingwoods,Samanthacameacrossabookaboutenvironmentalheroes.Theseindividualshaddevotedtheirlivestopreservingthenaturalworld,andtheirstoriesofresilience(恢复力)andimpactlightedasparkwithinSamantha’sheart.Shebelievedthatiftheycould