2024年高考英语一轮复习第31讲阅读表达（核心考点）（原卷版）

第31讲阅读表达（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题表达考点细目表天津卷2020年3月记叙文人与自我：作者从内向害羞到自信的转变6月记叙文人与自我：找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长天津卷2021年3月记叙文人与自我：找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变6月记叙文人与社会：汤讲述了退休艺术家Anneke

Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。天津卷2022年3月记叙文人与社会：汤退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。6月记叙文人与社会：汤文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜2021年北京卷说明文人与社会：如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除2022年北京卷记叙文人与社会：汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料2023年北京卷说明文人与自我：习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近三年阅读表达命题规律呈以下特点：体裁：记叙文为主说明文为辅，难度系数较低，适中。考查题型细节理解题，推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题，还有开放性题目。【备考策略】努力提升解题能力，以便轻松应对此题型。俗话说熟能生巧。在日常学习中，学生要认真对待老师精选的相关训练，勤加练习。练习时需注意以下几个方面：（1）读懂题目，带问题阅读；（2）快速通读全文，明确文章主旨大意；（3）针对题目各个击破。就归纳总结具体信息类题目，应确保所查找信息点全面；词义、句意猜测类题目，要联系前后文语境判断；观点、态度或写作意图类题目，应基于文章的整体内容作答；主旨要义以及推理题需视具体情况而定，有针对段落的命题，也有针对文章整体内容的命题。（4）答语要简洁、准确。因为有词数要求，学生应学会转换表达方式，必要时可用单词代替短语，用非谓语代替从句，用构词法进行词性或词义转换。名言警句一般都简洁明了，可用来作答某些题目。（5）做好作答后的检查，检查项包括作答内容是否与设问“对应”、作答词数是否符合题目要求、拼写（含大小写）、语法、标点等是否正确无误。【命题预测】从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读表达阅读表达仍然会综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。题型总览高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了阅读表达这一题型。占10分，5个小题。阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查书面表达能力，同时，这类题目不但选材紧跟时代步伐，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，是一种不错的试题。然而，同学们对这一题型却感到束手无策，不知从何下笔。针对这一情况，我们应在平时的训练中不断总结做题方法，探索答题规律，掌握这类题目的解题技巧。开放性问题答语积累】人性格形容词determined，brave，persistent，lovely，loving，friendly，warmhearted，kind，nice，good，patient，responsible，humorous，active，optimisticApersonwithastrongsenseofresponsibilityApersonwhonevergivesup故事的形容词fantastic，moving，impressive获得什么启示？Iwillnevergiveupwhenfacing/Iamfacedwithdifficulties.Iwillsparenoefforttoachievemygoal/dreamnomatterhowhard/difficultitis.你是负责人，举办什么活动？回答详细内容deliveraspeech/organizeapetition/holdanactivity(inorderto)Iwillencouragethemtooverethedifficulties.你的职业？你想选择什么专业？Iwanttobeacook,becauseIcancookvariousdeliciousfoodtomeetpeople’stastes./tomakemyselfhappy.Iwanttobeadoctor,becauseIcansavepeople’slifeandhelpthemtreatthedisease.Iwanttobeateacher,becauseIcanteachstudentsknowledgeandhelpthemtobeusefulpersons.Iwanttomajorinmaths,becausemathscanhelpmecultivatelogicalandrationalthinking.IwanttolearnEnglish,becauseIhavenodifficultyinmunicatingwithforeignfriendsinEnglish./itpalysanimportantroleinourdailylife.考点一、细节表达题细节表达题：1、题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。2、设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what,why,how等特殊疑问词进行提问。3、答题技巧：解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。问题形式:EQ\o\ac(○,1)Why..?回答形式:+名词性短语(表示原因);To+动Because+句子(表示原因);Becauseof词原形(表示目的);lnorderto+动词原形(表目的)②问题形式：What...?回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。④问题形式：How...?（询问方式）回答形式：By(doing)..；完整的句子。2021年6月天津卷56.WhatdoesAnnekeenjoydoingafterherretirement?(nomorethan10words)_______________________________________________________（2023·天津河西·统考二模）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。Attheageof15,RoxanneBlackWeisheitwastoldthatshegotlupus,asystemicautoimmune(自身免疫)diseasethatoccurswhenone’sbody’simmunesystemattacksthehealthytissuesandorgans.Shortlyafter,BlackWeisheitdesperatelysoughtemotionalsupport.Shewantedafriendwhocouldtrulyunderstandhersituation,andshefiguredtherewereotherswhoneededthis,too.So,duringherfirstyearofcollege,shecreatedFriends’HealthConnection(FHC),anonprofitorganizationthathelpedpeoplewithsimilarhealthconditions.AsshewasstartingFHC,lupuswasdestroyingherkidneyfunction.Duringhersenioryearofcollege,shehadherfirstkidneytransplantand13yearslater,shehadhersecondone.Throughitall,shedidn’tforgoFHC.She’deventransformedherhospitalroomintoan“office”andworkedinherhospitalbed.Aftergraduation,shesecuredenoughfundingtocontinuegrowingherorganization,anditbecameherfulltimejob.But,unfortunately,lupusandkidneytransplantsweren’ttheendofBlackWeisheit’shealthissues.Fiveyearsago,at42,shehadlymphoma.BlackWeisheit’snewdiseaseleftherextremelyweakandtired,andsheknewshehadtomakeachoiceaboutFHC．“Sincemytimeandenergywerelimitedandmyfuturewasuncertain,theboardandIdecidedtocloseouroffice.Iwantedtodevoteallmyenergytokeepingmyfamilylifeasnormalaspossible,”sheexplained.Hercareerdidn’tendthere,though.Whenshestartedfeelingbetter,shefelttheurgetostartworkingagain.UsingherexperiencefromFHC,shestartedanewpany—ScheduleAuthors,whichhelpsotherpaniesscheduledifferenttypesofspeakersfortheirevents.ThisisnowBlackWeisheit’scurrentjob.Butshemissedrunningherownnonprofitorganization,soshestartedtryingtofigureouthowtobringbackFHC．And,recently,shereceivedsomegreatnews:ApastFHCdonorwouldprovideherwithagranttogettheorganizationrunningagain.6．WhatdidBlackWeisheitrealizeshortlyafterbeingtoldthatshegotlupus?(nomorethan8words)7．WhydidBlackWeisheitcreatethenonprofitorganizationFHC?(nomorethan10words)8．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan10words)9．WhatmadeBlackWeisheitdecidetoclosetheofficeintheend?(nomorethan5words)10．WhatdoyouthinkofBlackWeisheit?Why?(nomorethan20words)考点二、主旨表达题1．题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。2．设问形式：①What'sthemainideaofthepassage/Paragraph...?②What'sthepassagemainlyabout?③What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?3．答题技巧：考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。4．常用的回答形式有：①名词短语／动名词短语；②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；③名词性从句或"疑问词＋不定式":What.../Why...How./Howto...?2021年6月天津卷58.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?(nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________________（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Therearemanyhistoricalsitesandplacesintheworldthatgiveusinsightandevidenceofthepastcivilization.Thesesiteshelpuslearnaboutourancestors,theirlivingandculture.Thesesitescanbecalledmonoruniversalheritage(遗产)ofhumankindandourworldheritage.Thesesitesfromthepastcivilizationsareforallhumans.Wemustliveinthemtodayandalsopassthemontofuturegenerations.Theyteachusaboutourpastandrepresentthegreatachievementsofourancestorsandmakeusproud.Worldheritagehashistorical,culturalandeconomicsignificance.Ithasexceptionalvalueandimportanceforhumankindfromhistory,scienceandartspointsofviewandmustbecaredfor.ManyUNESCOsitesthatstandtodayareunderthreat.ThereisalistofthirtysitesbyUNESCOthatareendangered.Therearemanyexternalfactorsresponsiblefordamagingtheworldheritage,someofwhichareclimatechange,naturaldisasters,urbanizationanduncheckedtourismetc.Withthegrowingstrengthoftheseexternalfactors,itisbeingmoreandmoreimportanttotakepropermeasurestosaveandpreservethesetimelessachievementsofhumankind.Therearemanymunitiesandorganizationsintheworldwhichareworkingtoprotectthesesites.Wecanworkwiththeseorganizations,travelagencies,governmentgroupsandlocalmunities.Weshouldjointhemtosupporttheircause.AnotherwaytoplayourpartistoshouldertravelresponsibilityTourismcangeneratefundsfortherestorationofhistoricalsitesbutatthesametimeuncheckedtourismcandamagethemseriously.Theyoungergenerationmustpreservetheidentityofthepeoplewhocamebeforethem.Nomatterwhatisourreach,weshouldhelpprotectthemthrougheffectivemeans.Oureverystepwouldcountandhelpinprotectingtheworldheritagesites.74．WhatisParagraph2mainlytalkingabout?考点三、推断表达题1．题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的，容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。2．设问形式：①What'sthepurposeofthetext?②Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention..inParagraph...?③Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying...?④Whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowards...?⑤Whatdoes...imply?⑥Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?3．答题技巧：①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以么全。③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。【2022年天津卷第二次】Itwasadarkandstormynight.Theferociouswindshookthewindowswildly,asthoughsomeoneoutsidewerebeatingontheglass.ItwasalsoNewYear’sEve.Wewerehavingourannualpartyandhadahousefullofpeoplejuststartingtocelebrate.Suddenly,weheardloudexplosions.Lookingoutsideandupintothehills,wesawsparks(火花)flyingfromelectricaltransformers(变压器).Oneareaafteranotherwentdarkupinthosehills.Thentherewastheloudestexplosionofthemallandourhousewentdarktoo.Itriedtofindeverycandlewehadandlitthem.Thecandlesmadeeverythinglooklovely.Butwehadproblems.Wehadfifteenpeoplestandingaroundandwestillhadtocookdinner.Howwouldwedothatwithoutelectricity?Thebarbecue!Whynotcookonthebarbecue?Wemenwentoutside,someholdingflashlightsandotherscooking.Wedidawonderfuljob.Thewomenstayedinsideandgotthesaladsready.Everythingwasdelicious.Therewerestillafewhourstogobeforethebeginningofthenewyear,soweallsataroundthediningroomtableandsangupuntilafewminutesbeforemidnight.Wecouldn’twatchtheballdropinTimesSquareontelevisionbutthatwouldn’tstopusfromcelebrating.Istoodonachairand,withthehelpofsomeone’swatchtotellusthetime,weallcounteddownandIdroppedatennisball!WeallscreamedHappyNewYear.Wedidn’tneedelectricityforthat!Nowadays,westillgettogetherwiththesamegrouptocelebratetheNewYearandwestilltalkaboutthatspecialnight.Idon’tthinkwehaveeverlaughedsomuchaswedidonthatNewYear’sEve.59.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthatparticularNewYear’sEve?(nomorethan8words)____________________________________________________________60.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostnecessaryqualitywhendealingwithanunexpecteddifficultsituation?Pleaseexplainwhy.(nomorethan25words)____________________________________________________________【答案59.Itwasthemostexcitingone./Itwasanightfilledwithlaughter./Itwasspecial./Exciting./Pleasant./（2023·天津·耀华中学校考一模）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Lifeonthestreetisaconstantstruggleforhomelesspeople.Inextremeweatherconditions,thatstrugglebeesevenmoredifficult.Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.OnJanuary30,34yearoldCandicePayne,alocalmanagingbroker,wasluckyenoughtohaveshelterfromthedangerousconditions.“Itwas20℃,andIknewtheyweregoingtobesleepingoniceandIhadtodosomething,”saidPayne.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Finally,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalinnsandhotelsthatshecouldgettohelpthosestuckonthestreet.ForPayne,hermissionwaspersonal.AccordingtoPayne,herhusband,CarlosCallahan,hadlivedonthestreetatonepointinhislife.Basedonhisexperience,Payneknewthatthehomelesspeoplestilllivingonthestreetdesperatelyneededhelpandshewantedtostepup.However,whenPayneexplainedwhatshewastryingtodo,manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortheroomsastheydidn’twanthomelesspeopletostayintheirrooms.“Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,wasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,”saidPayne.Payne’sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry.However,sheinsistedshehadneverdoneitforattention.“Iamaregularperson,”saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneytohelppletestrangers.“Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI’mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.”60．WhywasCandicePaynedeterminedtohelphomelesspeople?(nomorethan10words)考点四、猜词表达题一）题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。（二）设问形式：①What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword/phrase/partinthe...paragraph'?②Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthe..paragraphmean?、（三）答题技巧：结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇．能进行猜测判断。（四）常用的回答形式有：①相近含义、相同词性的单词；②完整、直白、简短的句子。1、根据上下文语境理解词义2、根据释义猜测词义：①借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义。构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。②如果生词在文中直接被句子或段落解释，理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义。2022年6月天津考题56.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?(1word)____________________________________________________________（2023·天津和平·统考二模）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。TheAppalachianTrailattractsthousandsofserioushikerseachspring,onlyoneinfourhikerspletestheentiretrail.TheSuttonfamilyrecentlyfinishedhikingtheentiretrail.Theyareauniquetrio(三人组)astheirsonHarveyturnedfiveonthetrail,whichmakeshimtheyoungesttopletetheAppalachianTrail.JoshandCarrieSuttonsaidtheyneededtotake,breaksfrombusyworkcalledminiretirements.“Wesetthefamilygoaloflivingalifewithextraordinarystories.DoingthingslikehikingwithachildontheAppalachianTrailgivesyouextraordinarystories,”JoshSuttonsaid.WhenHarveyturnedthree,theytookhimwintercamping,andbythetimehewasfour,thefamilypleteda50milehike,campingoversixdays.SeeingthatHarveydevelopedapassionforhiking,theyplannedathruhikeontheAppalachianTrail.Hikingfromendtoendiscalledathruhikeandgenerallytakesfivetosevenmonthstoplete.TheyhitthetrailinGeorgiaonJanuary13,2021.Thefirstweekswerecold.Thetrailwasicyandsnowcovered,andtheweatherwasoftencloudyandbitter,sotheymadeslowprogress.Theywouldwakeupearlyeachday,packtheirgear(装备),andthenstartwalking.Astheyhadmanymilestocovereachday,theyhadtobeinventiveandstartedusingimaginationandSkittles(彩虹糖)asincentiveforlittleHarvey.ThefamilypletedtheirjourneyonAugust9,2021.LittleHarveylearnedtocountallthewayto2,193,thetotalmileshislittlefeettraveled,andabignumberforsomeonewhojuststartedkindergarten.“Iwilldoitagainbecauselikeitsomuch,”saidHarvey.AlthoughtheSuttonsarenowbackhome,theyhaveincrediblememoriesofthisminiretirement.ThejourneyisalifechangingexperiencefortheSuttonfamilyandisaninspirationforfamilieswhodreamoftakingasimilarjourney.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph5probablymean?(nomorethan1word)过关检测（2023·天津北辰·统考模拟预测）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。In2019,thestateofCaliforniawasonfire.AlexandriaVillaseor,whowas13atthetime,witnessedthedestructionofNorthernCalifornia’sCampFire,whichwouldgoontoburnmorethan150,000acresofland.Villaseorwasscared.“That’swhenIfoundouthowimportantclimateeducationwas,”shereflected.“Andjusthowmuchwelackedclimateeducationthesepastcoupleofyears.”Villaseor,attheageof15,wasdeterminedtohaveabiggerconversation.Shequicklyrealizedthefightrequiresinternational,governmentlevelchanges.Forher,whatstartedaslocalconcernturnedintoayearlongprotestinfrontoftheUnitedNations’NewYorkCityheadquartersandaglobalcampaignformorepulsoryclimateeducation.Shesatonabenchinfrontoftheheadquarters,beggingfortheworld’sleaderstotakeclimatechangeseriously.Heractionreceivednationalattention,withmillionsofotherstudentsaroundtheworldjoininginthemovement.“It’spletelyunacceptablenottolearnanythingaboutourplanetandourenvironmentinschool,afteralltheyoungpeoplewouldinherittheEarth.”Villaseorsaid,“That’swhyIthinkthatclimateeducationissoimportant,andthat’swhyIfocusalotonitnow.”Rightnow,VillaseorisworkingwiththeAmericanAdministrationonitsclimateplan,whichhaspromisedtocenterontheneedsofyoungpeopleandmunitiesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.Sheevenspokeatthe2021DemocraticNationalConvention.“ThiswasdefinitelyahugemomentwhenIrealizedthatpeoplewerelisteningtothevoicesofmeandyouthclimateactivists.”Villaseorsaid.Whensheisn’tconnectingwithherfellowyouthactivists,Villaseorislikemostotherteens.“Myfavoritethingtodo,ofcourse,issleep,”shesaid,“Iliketoreadalot.Ilikefantasybooks,normally.Ialsoliketowrite.”1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?(nomorethan10words)2．HowdidVillaseormaketheworld’sleadersattachimportancetoclimateeducation?(nomorethan15words)3．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?(nomorethan15words)4．WhenwasthehugemomenttoVillaseor?(nomorethan10words)5．WhatdoyouthinkofVillaseor?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords?(nomorethan20words)（2023·北京·北京交通大学附属中学校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。Fashion’sMeltDownThrowawaycultureistrashingtheplanet—butoneyoungchemicalengineerhasherownwaytoturnitover.Fastfashionhaschangedthewaywedress.Webuymoreclothes,moreoften–butwewearthemless.AlinaBassi,founderofKleiderly,wantstogiveourclothingwasteanotherchanceatausefullife.Bassihasalwayscaredaboutthethreatofclimatechange,butsheactuallystartedhercareerintheoilindustry.Afterafewyears,shelandedatbiobean,astartupthatturnedwastecoffeegroundsintoproductsthatcouldbeburntforheatandfuel.Afterayear,Bassiwaskeentobranchout—usedcoffeegroundsarenotthebiggestthreatfacingtheplanet.Instead,shepouredhereffortsintotacklingamuchbiggerglobalpolluter:thefashionindustry.AccordingtotheEllenMacArthurFoundation,weproduce100billionitemsofclothingperyear,andthisissettodoubleby2050.Buttheydon’tlastlongenoughtooffset(抵消)thecarboncostofproducingthematerial,creatingtheclothes,andthenshippingthemtocustomers.“Itmakesnosensethatwehavesuchahighcarbonfootprintforsomethingsoshortlived.”Bassisays.Usingtheprinciplesofacirculareconomy,Bassihasdevelopedalowenergy,multistageprocesstoturnclothingfibresintoanalternativetooilbasedplastic.Thisnewplasticcanthenbeusedbymanufacturersintheirexistingmachines,sothatyouroldTshirtsandjeanswillbeedifferentproductsinsteadofclothes,suchasclothinghangers,orevenfurniture.Fashionpanieshavesomeotherwaystoreducefashionwaste,fromcreatingclothesdesignedtolast,torecyclingthefabrictomakemoreclothing.But“aproblemthisbigneedsmultiplesolutions,”Bassisays.“Wethinkaboutthemultiplelivesofaproductandhowwecankeepreusingitinsteadoflettingitfallintolandfillsorincinerators(焚化炉),”shesays.6．WhydidBassiswitchherfocustothefashionindustry?7．Howdidshetackletheproblemscausedbythefashionindustry?8．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.●Kleiderlycanchangeoldjacketsandtrousersintoanewmaterial,whichcanbeusedtomakemoreclothing.9．Pleasebrieflypresentyourownsolution(s)tothethrowawayproblemindailylife.(about40words)（2023·北京·清华附中校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Foryears,psychologistshaveknownhowtomeasuretheintelligenceofindividuals,butonlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntoinvestigatetheissueofgroupintelligence.Thisnotionstemsfromtheobservationthatsomegroupsseemtoworkfantasticallyacrosstasks,eventasksthatarenotverysimilar.Earlyinvestigationssuggestthatgroupintelligenceisnotthesumoftheintelligenceoftheindividualsinit.Sowhatisthesecrettotheirsuccess?ResearchersatGooglehavetackledthisquestion.Theycollectedthousandsofdatapointsonhundredsofgroupsandbedthroughthemtryingtofindpatterns.Arethemembersofeffectivegroupsfriendsoutsideofwork?Dogroupswhosemembershavesimilarpersonalitiesorbackgroundsworktogetherbest?Theyputforwardmanytheoriesbutfoundnopatterstosupportthem.Infact,whowasinthegroupapparentlydidnotseemtomakeadifference;instead,thedifferencebetweenmoreandlesseffectivegroupsseemedtolieintheinteractionamongthemembers.Ineffectivegroups,membersspokeforaroughlyequalamountoftime—notateverymeetingorinteraction,butacrossthecourseofaproject.Additionally,ineffectivegroups,membersfaceoneanotherdirectlywhentheyspeak,usingenergeticandenthusiasticgestures.Moreover,sideconversationsbetweenindividualmembersduringmeetings,farfrombeingadistraction,actuallyincreasedthegroup’sproductivity.Thepositivebehaviorsuncoveredinthestudyoccurexclusivelyinfacetofaceinteraction.Onemightarguethatmostofthesefindingsareextremelyobvious,andneedlesstosay,goodmanagershaveprobablyalwaysunderstoodtheprinciples.However,understandinggroupintelligencecanhelpbusinessandotherorganizationsmakethefundamentalchangesnecessarytoimprovegroupperformance.Thereasonisthatoursocialandprofessionallivesarenotalwaysstructuredinwaysthatfacilitatethekindofinteractionthatapparentlyunderlineseffectivegroupperformance.10．Whatisthefindingofpreviousstudiesongroupintelligence?11．Whyisitimportantforpeopletounderstandgroupintelligence?12．Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.▶Althoughsideconversationsdistractmembersduringmeetings,theycanhelptoboostthegroup’sefficiency.13．Apartfromwhatismentionedinthepassage,whatotherway(s)canweusetoimprovegroupintelligence?(Inabout40words)（2023·北京·人大附中校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。“Ican’t”mightactuallymean“Idon’twantto,”“I’mafraid,”“I’mconfused,”oreven“Idon’tknowhow.”Andafterparsingouthiddenmeaningsforthehundredthtime,Icanunderstandwhymychildhoodgymnasticscoachhadputagymwidebanonthephrase.Anyonewhousedit,eventheothercoaches,hadtodo50pushupsbeforetryingconversationagain.Itwasn’tthathewantedpeopletodothingsbeyondtheirskillorsafetylevel.Thepolicywasagainstthewordsthemselves.Hefelttheywereashieldtohidebehindinsteadofadmittingmoreusefulandactionablehesitations.“I’mafraid.”“I’veneverdoneitbymyself.”“IneedtorestafewminutesbeforeItry.”“I’membarrassedtotryinfrontofotherpeople.”“Idon’twantto,because...”.Academicexperiencescanfollowthesamepattern.Answeringunexpectedquestionsortryinganewprotocolinfrontofanaudiencecanbecrippling,Homeworkproblemscanpoundandseemtogetworsewitheachtryinsteadofbetter.Weenduputtering“Ican’t,”becausesometimesit’seasierthan“IamsofrustratedandexhaustedthatIwanttocry,”“Thismakesmefeelsodumb,”oreven“Ineedhelp.”Asanasthmatic,mymostvividmemoriesefromtheannualhazingritualknownasthegymclassmilerun.Forme,“Ican’t”actuallymeant“I’mafraidofhavinganasthmaattackinfrontofallofmyclassmates,”and“It’ssoembarrassingtorunandbelapsbehindmypeers;Iwouldrathershieldmyegofromthehitbyintentionallywalkingthewholething,sopleaseleavemealone.”Myheartstillstartstoracejustthinkingofthenumberoftimesmyselfpreserving.“Ican’t”wasmetwithadismissive“Ofcourse,youcan.”Butlettingourselvesfallbackonthe“Ican’t”candomoredamagethanjusthidingourdeeperfeelings.Eventuallywe,andthepeoplearoundus,starttobelieveit.IknowtherearethingsIhavestoppedtryingbecause,well,Ijustcan’t.Sowhytry?ThenumberoflapsIhaveavoidedwithwelltimedbathroombreaksisstaggering.Ican’tgobackandtellmychildhoodselfthatthemilerunwasn’tworththeanticipatoryanxiety.ButIcanrememberhowbadlyIwishedevenoneclassmatehadacknowledgedthatIhadbarelymissedtheschoolrecordinsitandreachinsteadofteasingmeaboutlapsthenextday.Icanrememberthat“Ican’t”cansooftenmeansomethingelse.AndIcantakethetimetotrytoasktherightquestions,sothatIcansaysomethingmoreusefulinresponsethan“Ofcourseyoucan.”14．Whatwerepeoplesupposedtodoiftheysaid“Ican’t”inmychildhoodgymnastics?15．Whatdoes“Ican’t”actuallymeanwhenIsaidthatinthegymclassmilerun?16．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TherearethingsIhavestoppedtryingbecauseofthefactthatIamnotabletodothat.17．Describeoneofyourexperiencesofdealingwith“Ican’t”.(Inabout40words)（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Judgementisaqualitythatishardtodefinebutimportanttopossess.SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolsuggeststhatjudgmentis“thebinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions”.Andhearguesthat,thusdefined,judgmentinvolvesaprocess—takingininformation,decidingwhomandwhattotrust,summarizingone’spersonalknowledge,checkinganypriorbeliefsorfeelings,summarizingthechoicesavailableandthenmakingthedecision.Expertknowledgecanbeusefulinmakingjudgments.Buttheyarenotthesamething.“Academicshaveexpertknowledge,”SirAndrewobserves.“Th