英语语法总结

英语语法总结动名词：1）下列动词宾语用动名词：acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,confess,consider,defend,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,excusepardon,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,mention,practice,postpone,permit,resent,resume,recall,recollect,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate.2）下列词组用动名词做介词宾语：objectto,resortto,reactto,contributeto,lookforwardto,beaccustomedto,becommittedto,beexposedto,besubjectedto,bedevotedto,bededicatedto,beopposedto,bereconciledto,becontraryto,beusedto,comecloseto,getdownto,giveoneselfupto,prefer…to…,seeto,setto,taketo,inadditionto,withregardto,withaviewto,onthewayto,owingto,dueto3)下列词组用不定式和动名词都可，但意义不同meantodo想要做某事meandoing意味做某事forgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingproposetodo打算proposedoing建议suggesttodo:proposedoingsuggestdoing:meandoingregrettodo遗憾regretdoing后悔4）动名词习惯用法--bebusydoing/withsth.--beactivedoing--Itisnogood/usedoing--Spend/wastetimedoing--Cannothelpdoingsth.--Sb.havedifficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.--Sb.haveagreattime/wonderfultimedoingsth.--Thereisnopoint/sense/harm/usedoingsth.--Thereisnodoingsth.5)不定式的习惯用法--cannothelpbutdosth--cannothelpdoing--cannotbutdo;--cannotchoosebutdo:--havenochoicebuttodo;--candonothingbutdo:cannotdoanythingbutdo不定式：1）接不定式作宾语的动词：agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,.ought,plan,pledge,pretend,prepare,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,venture,wait,wish2)用不定式作宾补v.….sb.todoadvise,allow,ask,beg,cause,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,force,hate,inform,invite,like,mean,need,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,wish.用不带to的不定式：v.sbdosth.感观动词：(hear,feel,see,taste,notice,)其他：(help,make,let,find,have,)3)不定式作定语：A）名词前有最高级或next,last,only,nota,the,very,B）其动词要求用不定式，相应的名词也用不定式tendencytotendtodecisiontodecidetoc)其形容词要求用不定式作补语，相应名词也用不定式作定语one’sambitiontodo:beambitioustodohiscuriositytodo:becurioustodohisabilitytodo:beabletodoD)表示方式，原因，时间，机会，权利的名词用不定式定语Way,method,reason,time,place,chance,occasion,opportunity,evidence,power,right,movement,drive,(运动)，effortF)something,nothing,little,much,alot,习惯上用不定式定语虚拟语气：1）if引导的虚拟：和现在事实相反：If…did/were……,would/should/could/mightdosth.和过去事实相反：If….haddone…..,would/should/could/mighthavedonesth.和将来事实相反：If….shoulddo/weretodo…,would/should/could/mightdosth2)if的混合虚拟：_____________forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.A.HaditnotbeenBWereitnotC.BeitnotD.Shoulditnot3)宾语从句虚拟：动词＋thatsb(should)dodesire,advise,recommend,command,direct,ask,demand,request,require,insist,maintain,move,propose,prefer,urge,vote,suggest,4）主语从句虚拟：itis＋形容词＋that(should)doAdvisable/advise，desirable/desire,insistent/insist,preferable/prefer,urgent/urge,appropriate,compulsory,vital,crucial,essential,imperative,important,necessary,obligatory/oblige,possible,probable,proper,advised,arranged,commanded,demanded,desired,ordered,proposed,recommended,requested,required,suggested,5)同位语从句、表语从句虚拟：Insistence/insist,preference/prefer,recommendation/recommend,suggestion/suggest,proposal/propose,motion/move,desire,requirement/require,request,order,necessity/necessary,importance/important,regulation/regulate,rule,resolution/resolve,understanding/understand.6)含蓄虚拟条件句：A）but,butthat,or,orelse,otherwise,unfortunately,表示转折假设：Asafetyanalysis_____thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.AwouldidentifyBwillidentifyCwouldhaveidentifiedDwillhaveidentifiedBwithout,butfor,undermorefavorableconditions虚拟：Cintended/meant/hoped/wished/plannedtohavedone,7)虚拟句型：hadrather,wouldrather,asthoughasififonly,和if从句变化情况一样itis(about/high)timethat……*lest,/forfearthat/incasethat…(should)do平行结构：1）注意由并列连词连接的成分的语法形式是否相同：but,and,or,neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…,not….but….,*Intheteachingofmathematics,thewayofinstructionisgenerallytraditional,withteacherspresentingformallecturesandstudents________notes.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken2）注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同*Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthan_______.A.livingonone’skneesB.liveonone’skneesC.onone’skneesD.toliveonone’sknees3)其他具有并列或比较意义的短语：ratherthan,letaloneWearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyle______inapersonalstyle.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.betterthanD.lessthan倒装结构：1）下列否定词或含有否定意义的词组修饰状语，若置于句首，句子主谓部分倒装：never,no,neither,notonly,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,notuntil,nowhere,atnotime,onnoaccount,innorespect,innosense,bynomeans,innoway,nolonger,noless,nomore,nosoonerthan,undernocircumstances,invain,stillless2)only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓部分倒装：Onlythen,onlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywith,onlythrough,onlyby,onlywhen,onlyafter,onlybecause,3)以下副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装：often,so,well,tosuchadegree,tosuchanextent,tosuchextremes,tosuchapoint,manyatime.4)表示方向的副词，全部倒装：out,down,in,up,away,on5)让步从句的倒装：Muchas/thoughIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalher.情态动词完成式：1）表示已经发生的情况：（1）musthavedone:对已发生的情况的肯定推测,“（昨天）一定”（2）can’t/couldn’thavedone,对已经发生的情况的否定推测，“一定没有…….”（3）May/mighthavedone,对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的，可能性很小的推测，“也许……”2)表示虚拟语气：（1）needn’thavedone,表示做了不必做的事情，“其实没有必要……”Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we______soformally.A.needn’tdressupB.didn’tneedhavedressedupC.didnotneeddressupD.needn’thavedressedup(2)should/shouldnothavedone,表示应该做某事，但事实上没有做/不应该做某事，但事实上做了；(3)couldhavedone,过去可以做但没有做，“完全可以……”(4)may/mighthavedone,过去可以做，但事实上没有做，“那样也许会……”3.易考句型:（1）may/mightaswelldosth.,不妨最好（2）cannot/can’t…too…越…越好,怎么也不过分Youcannotbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.(3)should除了“应该”讲，还有“竟然”Ididn’texpectthatthestudentsshouldhavebehavedlikethat.4.固定搭配：hadbetter/bestdohadbetternotdowouldliketodowouldnotliketodousedtodo/didn’tusetodohavetodo定语从句：1whose的用法2介词＋which的用法3．非限定定语从句中as的固定结构：Ashasbeensaidbefore,Ascanbeimagined,Ashasbeenmentionedabove,AsisknowntoallAshasbeenannouncedAsmightbeexp