国际金融课件讲义

LessonVIIIInternationalTechnologyTransferLearningObjectiveTechnologyandtechnologytransfersTrendsofITTChannelsofITTOverallstatusofITTinChinaTechnologyTechnologyEfficienttechnologicalbasecanresultin:LowercostsThroughimprovedallocationofinputs.IncreasedrevenuesThroughwiderrangeofoutputs.PrincipalFormsofIPPatent

Copyright

Trademark/ServiceMark

TradeSecret(Utility)PatentWhat?

-process

-machine

-product

-compositionofmatter

(includessoftware)Patentability

-novel

-useful

-non-obviousExclusiveright–notanaffirmativeone!Term

-20yearsfromfilingChallenges–mustfilewithinoneyearofpublicuse,offerforsale,sale,orpublication;enterspublicdomainafterexpirationofpatentVariations

-plantpatent

(asexualreproduction)

-designpatent

(ornamental-14years)CopyrightOriginalworksofexpressionfixedinatangibleform,includingliterary,musical,pictorial,graphic,sculptural,andaudiovisualworks(includessoftware)Righttoreproduce,makederivativeworks,publiclydistribute,perform,anddisplayworkRegistration–notnecessarybutusefulTerm–lifeofauthor+70yearsorif“workforhire,”shorterof95yearsfrompublicationor100yearsfromcreationBut…onlyprotectsexpression,notideas;doesnotlimitindependentcreationVariation-maskworksTrademark/ServiceMarkAnymark(e.g.,word,groupofwords,logo)thatidentifiesthesourceofgoodsorservicesfromthoseofanotherwhenusedincommerceOwnercanpreventothersfromusingconfusinglysimilarmarksCommonlawrights–federalandstateregistrationsavailableIfregisteredonafederalbasis,termcanbeextendedforever“Useitorloseit”Avoidyourmarkbecominggeneric!TradeSecretData,formulas,patterns,compilations,programs,devices,methods,listsofactualorpotentialcustomers/suppliersthatderiveeconomicvaluefromnotbeinggenerallyknownorreadilyascertainableEnforcementbasedonpropersafeguardingCannotbeusedtoprotectmatterthatcanbereadilyobservedorreverseengineeredCanbeavaluableformofprotectionifrelationshipsaremanagedeffectivelyTechnologyTransferTechnologytransferWithinthecontextoftheacademicresearchenvironment,technologytransferisthemigrationofnewdiscoveriesandinnovationsresultingfromscientificresearchtothecommercialsector,principallythroughpatentingandlicensingnewinventions.TechnologytransferIncludesbothhardwareandsoftwareIncludestechnologydiffusionandtechnologyco-operationBetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountriesaswellaswithin/amongsteachofthegroupsIncludeslearningtounderstand,choose,utilize,adaptandreplicatetechnologyTrendsofITTIncreasing15%Mainlyamongstdevelopedcountries80%FDIisthemainchannelMNCisthekeyorganizationStrategicAllianceChannelsofinternationaltechnologytransferExportofgoodsDirectinvestmentinwhollyownedsubsidiariesLicensingagreementsOverallStatusonTechnologyTransferinChina

GovernmentisstillthelargestR&DsponsorHybridofmarketandplannedeconomy–Are