大二轮高考总复习英语第02部分专题01第01节拨云见日巧解细节理解题

第一节拨云见日——巧解细节理解题1．“断章取义”寻依据——题干定位法。首先要认真阅读题干或选项，迅速确定关键词语，如：人物、地点、时间、事件等，以关键词为线索，返回文章跳读寻查。如利用人名、地点、时间等，直接到文章中去找涉及到这些信息的相关句子，即可准确地找到答案。【典例1】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，A)eq\x(阿凡题1084526)...HabimaNationalTheatreTelAvivHebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew－languagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution，thepanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958，theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time：Monday28May,7：30pm&Tuesday29May,7：30pm...WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?A．OnSaturday28April.B．OnSunday29April.C．OnTuesday22May.D．OnTuesday29May.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的inHebrew可以定位至HabimaNationalTheatre处，根据最后一部分内容“Date&Time：Monday28May,7：30pm&Tuesday29May,7：30pm”可知，在5月29日是可以看戏剧的，故选D项。A、B、C三项张冠李戴，A、B两项是NationalTheatreofChina的戏剧演出的时间安排；C项是DeafinitelyTheatre的戏剧演出的时间安排。只有D项符合。答案：D2．“去伪存真”辨是非首先浏览题目所提供的四个选项。若各选项针对同一内容，则要找出各个选项之间的差异，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容；若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，“各自为政”，则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文，逐个找到相关句，最后确定答案。另外，解答细节理解题时，不能脱离原文，不能想当然地依赖自己的文化背景知识，而应该在文章中找出相应出外，并根据相应出处的信息作选择。【典例2】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，A)eq\x(阿凡题1084527)...DeafinitelyTheatreLondonBritishSignLanguage(BSL)BytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL，DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare’sedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time：Tuesday22May,2：30pm&Wednesday23May,7：30pmWhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre?A．Ithastwogroupsofactors.B．ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C．ItperformsplaysinBSL.D．Itisgoodatproducingedies.解析：细节理解题。根据DeafinitelyTheatreLondon|BritishSignLanguage(BSL)下面的第一句“BytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL...”可知，在DeafinitelyTheatre中，戏剧是用BSL(英国手语)来演出的。故选C项。A项偷换概念，文中指出DeafinitelyTheatre的观众包括失聪的人和正常人两种群体，而不是它的演员；B项无中生有，文章没有说DeafinitelyTheatre是伦敦最好的剧院；D项曲解文意，文中虽然提到了edy，但提到的是这家剧院对莎士比亚的喜剧新的诠释，不是这家剧院擅长制作喜剧。答案：C3．“同义互释”定选项细节题答案选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话，而是使用与之同义或近义的词语来表达。如：把loseone’sjob换成outofwork；important换成ofimportance。考生一定要回到文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词或短语。【典例3】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)eq\x(阿凡题1084528)...ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold，mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown....WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A．Itwasanall－timeclassic.B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C．Theaudiencerequestedit.D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：根据第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.”可知，影院选择放映电影TheLastPictureShow，是因为影院老板认为它比较合适。故选D项。A项答非所问。它是部经典电影，但这不是选择它的原因。B项颠倒是非。这部电影以一个小城镇为背景，这个镇上唯一的电影院即将关门。这个小城镇不是影院老板所在的城镇。C项无中生有。文中没有提及，而且文章说的是，影院老板安排放映了这部影片。答案：D4．“本末倒置”读广告广告、字典、公告、演出信息、航班时间表以及借书卡片等一般为功能阅读，需快速寻找信息。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，可采用“题干定位法”，即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题，有针对性地阅读相关部分，缩小阅读范围，提高解题效率。【典例4】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，A)eq\x(阿凡题1084529)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning：February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery：TourtimesuponrequestDuration(时长)：2hoursPrice：$90WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A．SanFranciscoWineryTour.B．BacktotheFiftiesTour.C．SpookyHalloweenTour.D．HolidayLightsTour.解析：细节理解题。根据第一个标题SanFranciscoWineryTour下的February1stthroughApril30th可知，此项活动从2月1日持续到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要选择SanFranciscoWineryTour，故选A项。答案：A5．“加减乘除”巧计算数字计算题是近年来常考的一种题型，有的可以在文中直接找到答案，有的可以在文中找到相关的数字信息，但要经过对比、分析及具体的计算才能得到答案。解答此类题目时应做到以下三点：第一，要审清题目，弄清楚题目问的是什么，不要盲目作答；第二，要比对原文中的数字和单位；第三，不要忽视文中的任何一个数字。【典例5】(2017·北京卷，B)eq\x(阿凡题1084530)...SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap，aPassportPuzzleBooklet，andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback....Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12－monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A．￡55. B．￡60.C．￡65. D．￡70.解析：细节理解题。由题干中的几个关键点，12－month(即annual“一年的”)，withgiftpack及fromChina(即RestofWorld)，以及AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack部分中的“RestofWould￡70”答案：DAJetSkiingInstructors：CampLohikanisafirst－classsummercamplyinginthePoconoMountainsofPennsylvania.Ourcampersrangeinagefrom6to15andetocampfromallovertheworld.Sodoesourstaff!Wepaythebestsalariestorecruitthebeststaff.Weknowthatthemostimportantelementinguaranteeingthatourcampershaveagreatsummerexperienceisourstaff.Ifyouhavethetalenttoteachorworkintheareaofyourspecialtyandyouareanoutgoing，friendlyindividualwhowillbeapositiverolemodelforchildrenandyouenjoyworkingwithkids，westronglyencourageyoutopleteouremploymentapplication!EmploymentBenefits：·Travelallowanceisavailable.·Tippingispermitted.·Room，boardandlaundryservicesareprovided.Youhavenoexpenses!·Nightsoffanddaysoffarescheduledthroughoutthesummer.OurbeststaffisrecruitedfromacrosstheUSandEuropeandprovidesauniquesocialexperienceforourcampers.WorkingatCampLohikanistheexperienceofalifetime.Thepersonalgrowth，therewardsofworkingwithchildren，theexcitementofanactive，diversemunityandtheclosefriendshipsthatyouformwillstaywithyoulongafterthesummerends.ManystaffmembersdescribetheiremploymentatCampToApply：Thebestwaytoapplyforthejobisonlineatlohikan/staffrec.htm.Youcanalsotelephoneourofficeat9084709317andwe’llbehappytomailyouourStaffApplicationPackage.Getreadyforthebestsummerofyourlife!1.Whatplaysakeyroleinensuringcampershaveagoodtime?A．Staff’ssalaries.B．Children’srolemodels.C．Thepany’semployees.D．Thepany’smanagement.2．WhatwillyoudowhileworkingatCampA．Tipthewaiters.B．Payforthemeals.C．Gaintravelallowance.D．Haveadayoffeveryweek.3．Whichmeansismostpreferredtoapplyforthejob?A．OntheInternet. B．Facetoface.C．Onthephone. D．Bye－mail.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，是一个夏令营招募员工的广告。1．解析：考查细节理解。根据文中的“themostimportantelementinguaranteeingthatourcampershaveagreatsummerexperienceisourstaff”可知选C。答案：C2．解析：考查细节理解。根据EmploymentBenefits中的“Travelallowanceisavailable”可知选C。答案：C3．解析：考查细节理解。根据ToApply中的“Thebestwaytoapplyforthejobisonlineatlohikan/staffrec.htm”可知，通过登录网站申请是最好的方法，故选A。答案：ABMakingartworkaboutsocietyDesigner：SamGlobeAge：18Family：SingleHome：Alton，Missouri，USWhathemakes：SamistheownerofSam’sOriginals.Hecreatesmultimediaartworkandjewelry.Tellusaboutyourself：Iama2015AltonHighSchoolgraduate.Inthefall，IamattendingtheSchooloftheArtInstituteofChicago(SAIC)inthehopeofreceivingaBachelorofFineArtsdegree.Tellusaboutyourpany：IstartedSam’sOriginalsasafreshmaninhighschoolsellingjewelryandartwork.Icreatemultimediapieces，paintings，photographyandrecycledadornments(装饰品)．Whatinspiresyou？Currentissuesinspiremyartpieces.Twoofmyrecentmultimediapiecesdealwithassassination(暗杀)andtheinfluencesocietyhasonpresidents.Myjewelryismadefromproductsmanypeoplewouldconsidertrashlikebrokenskateboardsandbicycletubes(轮胎)．Whatisyourgreateststrength，andhowdoesitaidinthecreatingprocess？Ibelievethatmygreateststrengthwouldbemyabilitytobecreative.IthelpsthecreatingprocessespeciallywhenIambrainstormingconceptsformynextpiece.Howdoyoumakeeachpieceunique？EachpieceisuniquebecauseofthevariousformsofmaterialsIuseinmywork，includingcollage，stenciling，photographyandscreen－printing.Howlongdoesittaketomakeeachpiece？Theamountoftimeittakestocreateapiecedefinitelydependsonhowdifficultthespecificworkis.Itmaytakeanhourortwoorevenuptoawholemonth.Wheredoyouseeisyourbusinessheaded？InfiveyearsIwillgraduatefromcollege，andmybrotherandIhopetoownadesignbusinessinAlton.4．WhendidSamGlobebeginSam’sOriginals?A．In2015.B．Whenhegraduatedfromcollege.C．WhenhewasafreshmanatSAIC.D．WhenheenteredAlton5．WhatdoesSamGlobedrawhisinspirationfrom?A．Householdtrash.B．Hiskeeninterestinart.C．Greatworksofart.D．Problemsintoday’ssociety.6．What’sthemosthelpfulwhenSamGlobe’singupwithideasofworks?A．Hisexperience. B．Hiscreativity.C．Differentmaterials. D．Brainstorming.[语篇解读]本文为应用文，介绍了SamGlobe和他的Sam’sOriginals。4．解析：考查细节理解。根据Tellusaboutyourpany部分的第一句中的“IstartedSam’sOriginalsasafreshmaninhighschool”可知答案。答案：D5．解析：考查细节理解。根据Whatinspiresyou？部分的第一句“Currentissuesinspiremyartpieces”可知D项正确。答案：D6．解析：考查细节理解。根据Whatisyourgreateststrength，andhowdoesitaidinthecreatingprocess？部分中的“Ibelievethatmygreateststrengthwouldbemyabilitytobecreative”可知B项正确。答案：BC(2017·广州毕业班模拟)ThesunwasrisingwhenDaryl’sdeliverytruckreachedthehighway.Thiswasthebesttimeofdagtodrive，whentheroadswerewideopenandempty.HefeltsurehewasgoingtomakeittoLosAngelesbeforemidnight.Itlookedlikeitwasgoingtobeagoodday.Thenhesawit，alargelumpinthemiddleoftheroad.Daryloftenpasseddeadanimalsontheroadsidebutheknewthatthiswassomethingdifferent.Heslammedonhisbrakesandthetruckscreechedtoahalt.Thelumpwasagirl.Hetriedshakingherawakebutshewouldn’tmove，sohepickedherupandcarriedhertothesideoftheroad.Atleastshewouldn’tberunoverthere.Nowshewassomeoneelse’sproblem.HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidn’thavetimetobeahero.Heclimbedbackintohistruckbutashelookedinhismirrorandsawthegirllyingstillbythesideoftheroad，heknewhecouldn’tleaveher.Darylputherintohistruckanddrovetothenexttown.Anhourlaterhepulledupatthepolicestation.Afterexplainingwhathadhappened，hepreparedtoleave，onlyforthepolicemantosaythatheneededtomakeareport.Darylknewthiswouldtakeseveralhours，buthehadnochoice.Therewasnowayhe’dgettoLosAngelesontimenow.Threehourslaterthereportwasdoneandthegirlhadrecoveredsomewhat.Sheexplainedthatshehadfallenonthehighway，weakfromhunger，butcouldremembernothingelse.ShealsothankedDarylforsavingherlife.Daryltoldherthathehadbeenhappytohelp，butashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldn’tbe.Justashewasabouttopullbackontotheroad，hismothercalled.“Haveyouseen？”shesaid，“Abridgecollapsedtwohoursago，theonethatyoudriveoveronthewaytoLosAngeles.”Daryl’s_blood_ran_cold.Ifhehadbeenontime，hewouldhavebeenonthatfallenbridgeabouttwohoursago.Darylrealizedhowluckyhewas.[语篇解读]Daryl在送货途中看到一位晕倒的女孩，为了帮助她而耽误了不少时间，不能按时交货，他担心老板会生气。此时母亲打过来，告诉他他要经过的一座桥梁在两小时前塌方了，Daryl因为帮助他人而逃过一劫。7．WhatdidDarylplantodoinLosAngeles?A.Goonholiday. B．Deliversomegoods.C．Visithismum. D．Reporttohisboss.8．WhydidDarylfirstleavethegirlbythesideoftheroad?A．Hedidn’twanttobelate.B．Hethoughtthegirlwouldbefine.C．Heknewthatsomeoneelsewouldhelp.D．Heworriedthepolicewouldblamehim.9．HowdidDarylfeelafterheleftthepolicestation?A．Confidentthathewouldbeontime.B．Angrythathehadtomakethereport.C．Proudthathehadsavedthegirl’slife.D．Worriedthathisbosswouldbeangry.7．解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“Daryl’sdeliverytruck”可知他是去洛杉矶送货物的。答案：B8．解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidn’thavetimetobeahero”可知，他需要在午夜之前赶到洛杉矶，怕救女孩而迟到，所以最初他想把那位女孩留在路边。答案：A9．解析：考查细节理解。根据第六段最后一句中的“ashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldn’tbe”可知，当他离开警察局回到自己车上的时候，是在担心老板会生气。答案：DDWelikepeoplewholooklikeus，becausetheytendtohavepersonalitiessimilartoourown.And，anewstudysuggests，thelongerwearewithsomeone，themoresimilaritiesinappearancegrow.Researcherssetouttostudywhycouplesoftentendtolooklikeoneanother.Theyasked11maleand11femaleparticipantstojudgetheage，attractivenessandpersonalityof160real－lifemarriedcouples.Photographsofhusbandsandwiveswereviewedseparately，sotheparticipantsdidn’tknowwhowasmarriedtowhom.Thetestparticipantsratedmenandwomenwhowereactualcouplesaslookingalikeandhavingsimilarpersonalities.Also，thelongerthecoupleshadbeentogether，thegreaterthesimilarities.Theresearchersguessthatthesharingofexperiencesmightaffecthowcoupleslook.“Theideathatthereisaconnectionbetweenappearanceandpersonalitymightseemstrangeatfirst，buttherecouldbebiologicalreasonsforalink，”saidstudymemberTonyLittlefromtheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.“Thefacedisplaysouremotionsandovertimeemotionalexpressionsmaybeewrittenintheface，”LittletoldLiveScience.Forexample，someonewhosmilesalotmaydeveloplinesandmusclesthataresuggestiveofsomeonewhoishappy.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpartnerswhoaregeneticallysimilartoeachothertendtohavehappiermarriages.Thenewstudyindicatesthatpeoplehavedifferentfeatureswhenusingfacialappearancetomakedecisionsaboutsomeone’spersonality，andthattheparticularcues(暗示)focusedonchangefromfacetoface.Vitaltothed