脱贫攻坚-2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练（中考试题+各地模拟题）

备战2022中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练

（中考真题+各地模拟题）

专题06脱贫攻坚

Passage1

（2021•青海西宁•中考真题）Poverty（贫穷）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahas

doneagoodjobtodealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.Duringfightingpoverty,

we'vebeenmovedbymanyheroes.

HelpingGirls

♦ZhangGuimei♦Lijiang,Yunnan

♦Manygirlscouldn'tgotoschoolbecausetheywereverypoor.

♦Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,800girlsgotocollege.

BuildingaRoad

♦MaoXianglin♦Wushan,Chongqing

♦Villagerslivedonthe1,000-meter-highcliffs（悬崖峭壁）.Soittookthemthreedays

towalktothenearesttowninthepast.

♦Mr.Maoledvillagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhandsfor7years.Nowtheyspendjustan

hourdrivingtothenearesttown.Localpeoplecansellfruittootherplacesconveniently.

PlantingMushrooms（蘑菇）

♦ChenZaiming♦JingdongYi,Yunnan

♦Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.Butvillagersdidn'tknowhowtogrow

them.

♦Mr.Chentaughtvillagerstoplantmushroomsandhelpedthemmakeover5millionyuan.

ChineseAchievements

♦832counties（县）and128,000villagesarenolongerinpoverty.

♦98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.

♦Chinaisresponsibleforreducing70percentofpovertysincethelate1970salloverthe

world.

1.Whohelpedgirlsgotocollege?

A.ZhangGuimei.B.MaoXianglin.C.ChenZaiming.D.Allabove.

2.HowdidpeoplegotothenearesttowninWushan,Chongqinginthepast?

A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.D.Bytrain.

3.Whichplacewaswell-knownforwildmushroomsinthetext?

A.Lijiang.B.Wushan.C.JingdongYi.D.Notmentioned.

4.Howmanyvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8yearsinChina?

A.832.B.1,800.C.12,8000.D.98,990,000.

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Girlsdidn'twanttogotoschoolinLijiang,Yunnan.

B,IttakespeoplethreehourstodrivetothenearesttowninWushannow.

C.PeopleusedtobegoodatgrowingwildmushroomsinJingdongYi.

D.Chinahasgotthegreatestachievementonliftingoutofpoverty.

Passage2

（2021•广东深圳•中考真题）ShashiyuwasonceapoorvillageinHebeiProvince,

butnowithaschangedintoarichandlivableplace.

Inthe1940s,villagersinShashiyuhadlittlefoodandfewclothes,buttheyhadastrong

wishforabetterlife.ZhangGuishun,thePartysecretaryofShashiyu,encouragedhis

villagerstodotheirbesttopullthemselvesoutofpoverty.4tIntheancientChinesestory,Yu

Gongcouldmovemountainswithhisstrongwillandhardwork,whycan'twe?Nobodywas

bomtobepoor?”Hearinghiswords,thevillagersdecidedtomakeadifference.

LedbytheCommunistPartyofChina（中国共产党），thevillagerscarriedwaterandsoil

totheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.From1966to.1971,they

reclaimed（开垦）lotsoflandandgreatlyimprovedtheirlife.

However,thevillageencounteredanewproblemtwodecadeslaterastheenvironment

becameheavilypollutedbychemicalplantsandminerefineriesbuiltin1990s.

Thepollutingfactorieswereshutdownin2004,andvillagersstartedgrapecultivation,

whichsoonbecameamainindustryinShashiyu.

In2009,thecity-levelgovernmentinvestedover1millionyuan（$152,723）tochange

thevillage'sexhibitionhallintoamuseuminmemoryofdevelopmenteffortsmadebyearlier

generations.

After10years,thevillagewascalled"NationalForestVillage^^.

Zhangsaidthatthevillagestartedayearlytourismfestivalin2015toattracttravelersto

试卷第2页，共8页

pickgrapes.t4ThegrapescouldbesoldatabetterpriceonceShashiyubecomesfamous

throughthisfestival.Ourvillagerscanthenliveevenbetterlives,“hesaid.

6.WhydidZhangGuishunusethestoryofYuGongtoencouragethevillagers?

A.BecauseYuGonghadstrongwillandhardwork.

B.BecauseYuGongwasbornpoortoo.

C.BecausethevillagersworshipedYuGong.

D.BecauseYuGongbecamerichatlast.

7.From1966to1971,whatdidthevillagersdotoimprovetheirlivingsituation?

A.Theyplantedgrapestoearnmoney.

B.Theycarriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagetoimprovetheirlands.

C.Theymovedtoanotherplacetoliveabetterlife.

D.Theybuiltalotoffactories.

8.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethevillagers?

A.Hard-working.B.Lazy.C.Kind-hearted.D.Stupid.

9.WhenwasShashiyucalled"NationalForestVillage"?

A.In2009.B.In2004.C.In2015.D.In2019.

10.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?

A.Inastorybook.B.Inanewspaper.

C.Inasportsmagazine.D.Inasciencebook

Passage3

（2019•湖南株洲•中考真题）The2030Agendasaysthatendingpovertyinallits

forms,includingextremepoverty（极度贫困），isthegreatesttask.Because1.4billionpeople

indevelopingcountriesliveonlessthan$1.25aday.Another842millionpeople,oronein

eightpeople,donothaveenoughtoeat,today.

Thegoodnewsisthattherearewaystoendpoverty.

Creatingjobs,bothintheUnitedStatesandabroad,isagreatwaytodealwithpoverty.

Whenpeoplehavejobs,theyhavemoney,andwhenpeoplehavemoney,theycanmore

easilygetthemselvesoutofpoverty.TheU.N.saysthat“Forthepoor,laborisoftentheonly

thingtheycanusetoimprovetheirwell-being.^^

Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts（影响）therestofthesocieties.Awoman's

degreeofeducationislinkedtotheageatwhichshemarriesandhaschildren,toherhealth

anddiseases.Educatinggirlsandwomencanendpovertyindevelopingnations,aswellasin

theUnitedStates.

TheUnitedStateshasn'traisedthelowestpaysince2007.Becauseofthis,rightnow,

UAfull-timeworkerwithtwochildrengettingthelowestpaywillstillraisehisorherfamily

inpoverty.^^Andthisisaprobleminalmosteveryothercountry,especiallyindeveloping

nations.Raisingthelowestpaycouldpossiblyincreasethehealthandwell-beingofmillions.

ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim,saysthathebelieves“healthcare

coveringinallcountriescanhelpachieveagoalofendingextremepovertyby2030.“He

saysthathealthcarecouldendpoverty.Becauseabout100millionpeoplearepushedinto

extremepovertyeveryyearbyhavingtospendmoneyonhealthproblems,andhealth

problemspushaboutanother150millionintoveryserioushardship.

Thesewaystoendpovertyshowthatwhilethereisadifficultroadahead,thereisa

practicalpathforward.

11.Howmanypeopledonothaveenoughtoeattoday?

A.100million.B.150million.C.842million.

12.Whatistheonlythingthepoorcanusetoimprovetheirwell-being?

A.Creating.B.LaborC.Studying.

13.Thefourthparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.theimportanceofeducatinggirlsandwomen

B.thewaysofeducatinggirlsandwomen

C.thetimeofeducatinggirlsandwomen

14.WhoisJimYongKim?

A.ThePresidentoftheU.N.

B.ThepresidentoftheWorldBank.

C.ThePresidentoftheUnitedStates.

15.Howmanywaystoendpovertyarementioned?

A.4.B.6.C.7.

Passage4

（2020・山东・济宁学院附属中学三模）

试卷第4页，共8页

Theyear2019markedthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicof

China（PRC）.Overthepast70years,undertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina

（CPC）,Chinahasexperiencedhistoricchangesandmadegreatachievements.

Thenationhasexperiencedgreateconomic（经济的）growthinthepastsevendecades.

In1978,China'sGDPwasthe11thhighestintheworld.In2010,ChinaovertookJapan

tobecomethesecond-largesteconomyintheworldaftertheUS.Thecountryisstillinthat

positionnow.

WithChina?sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization（WTO）in2001,thecountryhas

becomeamajorpowerforworldeconomicgrowth.Since2002,ithashelpedtheworld

economygrowbynearly30%onaverage（平均）.TodayChinaistheworld'slargestexporter

（出口国）andthesecond-largestimporter（进口国）,accordingtoChinaDaily.

Infightingpoverty（贫穷）inrecentdecades,Chinahasmadehistoricachievementsand

becomeamajorcontributortotheimprovementofpeople'slivesaroundtheworld.Toreduce

（减少）poverty,theChinesegovernmenthasdonealotofwork.Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,

andgavepeoplebettereducationandmedicalservices.Thecountryhaspromisedtoeradicate

（根除）extreme（极端）povertyby2020,andtodate,morethan800millionChinesehave

beenliftedoutofpoverty,ChinaDailynoted.

Asforeducation,manyChinesearegoingabroadtostudyanddoresearch.Over600,000

Chinesewentabroadtostudyin2018,accordingtoChinaDaily.Chinahasalsosetup536

ConfuciusInstitutes（孑L子学院）inmorethan150countries.Manyforeignstudentsare

learningChineselanguageandculturethere.

16.WhatdoweknowaboutChina'seconomy?

A.China?seconomyisthesecond-largestintheworld.

B.China'seconomyovertookJapan'sforoneyear.

C.China'sGDPreacheditshighestlevelin1978.

D.Chinaistheworld'slargestimporterandexporter.

17.WhathasChinadonetoreducepoverty?

a.Builtroads.

b.Createdmorejobs.

c.Givenpeoplemoney.

d.Improvedmedicalservices.

e.Providedfreecollegeeducation.

A.abeB.abdC.acdD.bee

18.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

A.HowmanyChinesestudentsarestudyingabroad.

B,WhyChinahassetupConfuciusInstitutes.

C.China'sdevelopmentineducation.

D.China'ssupportforforeignstudents.

19.Whatisthisarticlemainlyabout?

A.HowgreatChina'seconomyis.B.HowChinahasfoughtpoverty.

C.HowChina'seducationhaschanged.D.TheachievementsChinahasmade.

Passage5

（2021•山东北区•二模）WiththedevelopmentofChina,manytraditionalink

paintings（水墨画）showthechangesinsouthernChinesevillages.ShangXinzhou,a

painterfromtheGuangxiArtsUniversity,hasbeencreatingtraditionalinkpaintingsformany

years.Hispaintingsshowthelifeinpoorareas.

“ThankstomyexperienceinDuomaiVillage,Icanmakethepaintingsmuchlovelier,

saidthe36-year-oldpainter,whohasspenttwoandahalfyearsworkingthere.

Shang5spaintingsshowtheprogressinthefightagainstpoverty.Hisworksshow

changesfromdifficultlocalconditionsandpeople'shardtimestobetterconditionsandhappy

lives.

“Ilikedrawingpeople'sreallives,andpaintingscanbeabridgeforcommunication

betweenthelocalpeopleandme."saidShang.

Duringhisstay,heputhispaintingsaboutthelocallifeontheInternettohelpvillagers

selltheirproducts.Tomakethenightlifetherericher,hesoldpaintingstobuystreetlights,so

peoplecouldenjoysquaredancingintheevening.

Shang?sexcellentworkswerepopularinthevillage.t4Ilovehispaintingsandtheyshow

greatchangesinourvillage,saidafarmer.

试卷第6页，共8页

Inrecentyears,moreartistshavetraveledtomountainvillagestorecordthe

developmentofChina'spoorareas,tellingstoriesofthecountry'sfightagainstpoverty.uFve

seenthelocalpovertyalleviation.Iwanttorecordthechangesofthepoorareasandcreate

moreworksaboutpeople,“saidShang.

20.WhatmadeShang9spaintingslovelier?

A.Hishappylife.B.Hisstayinacity.

C.Hisexperienceinavillage.D.Hisexperienceinauniversity.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"poverty“meaninChinese?

A.沉默B.交流C.富有D.贫穷

22.WhatdidShangdoforthepeopleinDuomaiVillage?

@hetaughtthemtodance.

②Heboughtthemstreetlights.

（3）Hehelpedthemselltheirproducts.

@Hetaughtthemtocreatepaintings.

A.①④B.②③C.①③D.②④

23.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.WhyShangcreatedthepaintings.B.WhenShangstartedtopaint.

C.HowShang?slifewasinthevillage.D.WhereShangwillworkinthefuture.

24.Whafsthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Apainterspenthiswholelifefightingagainstpovertyinhiscity.

B.ApaintertriedtoshowtheworldChinesetraditionalinkpaintings.

C.Apainterusedhispaintingstorecordthechangesinpoorareas.

D.Apainterfoundtheeasiestwaytomakehimselffamousinhiscountry.

Passage5

（2021•湖北谷城•一模）Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople,Chinahastriedto

educatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoshake^poverty（贫困）.

MaoXianglin,62,avillageheadofXiazhuangvillage,WushancountyinChongqing.In

1997,38-year-oldMaostartedtoworkasthePartysecretary（党支书）ofhisvillage.Around

thevillageare1,000-meter-tallcliffs（悬崖峭壁），andtherewasonlyonepathwayoutofthe

villageformanyyears.Ittookvillagersthreedaystowalktothenearesttown.Maodecided

tobuildaroad.

“Wecan'tstaypoorforever.I'llleadusaswetry,eventhoughitwillbehard.^^Maosaid.

Heledmorethan100villagerstobuildtheroadwiththeirhands.Theyhungfromropesand

usedhammers（锤）anddrills（钻）tocreatetheroad.Fallingrocksledtothedeathsofsix

villagers.Ittookthemsevenyearstobuildaneight-kilometerroad.Buttheirworkhas

improvedpeople'slives.Itnowtakesjustonehourtodrivetothenearesttown.

Maothenencouragedthevillagerstogroworanges.Lastyear,theirorangeyield（产量）

wasnearly40tons.Youngpeoplehavereturnedtothevillagetosellorangesonline.Bythe

endof2019,269villagershadbeenliftedoutofpoverty.Thepercapitaincome（人均收入）

reached12,670yuan,40timesmorethaninthe1990s.

25.HowdoesChinadealwithpovertyaccordingtothearticle?

A.Bygivingpeoplebooks.B.Bygivingpeopleclothes.

C.Bygivingpeoplefood.D.Byeducatingandprovidingtools.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace"shakeoff''inPara.l?

A.getintoB.getoutofC.getinthewayofD.getusedto

27.WhatdoesMaoXianglindo?

A.AvillagerB.AvillageheadC.AworkerD.Anoldteacher

28.Ittakesvillagerstothenearesttownnow.

A.sevenhourstorideB.onehourtodrive

C.threeweekstowalkD.threedaystowalk

29.AboutXiazhuangvillage,whichisNOTright?

A.Therewasonlyonepathwayinthepast.B.Thevillagespent7yearsbuildingaroad.

C.Thevillagersgrowapplesandsellonline.D.269villagershaveshakenoffpoverty.

试卷第8页，共8页

参考答案

1.A

2.A

3.C

4.D

5.D

【分析】

本文讲述了中国在脱贫战斗中涌现出的英雄以及他们所做出的贡献。

1.

细节理解题。根据“ZhangGuimei...Mrs.Zhangstartedagirlschoolforfreeandhelpedover1,

800girlsgotocollege”可知，张贵梅帮助女孩们上学，故选A。

2.

细节理解题。根据“Wushan,Chongqing...Soittookthemthreedaystowalktothenearesttown

inthepast."可知，过去重庆巫山的人们去最近的镇上，需要步行去，故选A。

3.

细节理解题。根据"JingdongYi,Yunnan...Thisplacewasfamousforitswildmushrooms.“可知，

云南省的景东彝族自治县因为野生蘑菇而出名，故选C。

4.

细节理解题。根据“98.99millionvillagershavebeenliftedoutofpovertyinthepast8year.“可

知，8年来，9899万村民实现了脱贫。故选D。

5.

推理判断题o根据"Poverty（贫穷）isabigproblemintheworld,butChinahasdoneagoodjob

todealwithitandmadetheproudachievement.”可知，中国在脱贫方面已经取得了伟大的成

就，故选D。

6.A

7.B

8.A

9.D

答案第1页，共6页

10.B

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了河北省的一个贫困村——沙市峪在中国共产党脱贫攻坚的正

确领导下，在全体村民的共同努力下，发生了翻天覆地的变化的故事。

6.

细节理解题。根据文中“IntheancientChinesestory,YuGongcouldmovemountainswithhis

strongwillandhardwork,whycan'twe?”可知，张贵顺用愚公的故事来激励村民是因为愚公

意志坚强，工作努力。故选A。

7.

细节理解题。根据文中“LedbytheCommunistPartyofChina（中国共产党），thevillagers

carriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.”可知,从1966

年到1971年，村民们把水和土壤运到他们的村庄改善土地来改善他们的生活状况。故选B。

8.

推理判断题。根据文中"LedbytheCommunistPartyofChina（中国共产党），thevillagers

carriedwaterandsoiltotheirvillagefromfarawayplacestoimprovetheirland.From1966to.

1971,theyreclaimed（开垦）lotsoflandandgreatlyimprovedtheir和“andvillagersstarted

grapecultivation,whichsoonbecameamainindustryinShashiyu.”可推理出，沙石峪的村民是

很勤奋的。故选A。

9.

推理判断题。根据文中“In2009,thecity-levelgovernmentinvestedover1millionyuan（$152,

723）tochangethevillage'sexhibitionhallintoamuseuminmemoryofdevelopmentefforts

madebyearliergenerations.After10years,thevillagewascalled"'NationalForestVillage”.”可推

理出，沙石峪在2019年被称为“国家森林村”。故选D。

10.

推理判断题。短文主要记叙了河北省的一个贫困村——沙市峪在中国共产党脱贫攻坚的正确

领导下，在全体村民的共同努力下，发生了翻天覆地的变化的故事,这是一篇新闻报道，故

推理出，你可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。故选B。

11.C

12.B

答案第2页，共6页

13.A

14.B

15.A

【分析】

本篇文章难度是适中，主要讲述几个消除贫困的方法。

11.细节理解题。根据Another842millionpeople,oroneineightpeople,donothaveenoughto

eat,today可知，如今，其他的8亿四千二百万人，或者八分之一的人没有足够的吃的，故

选C。

12.细节理解题。根据Forthepoor,laborisoftentheonlythingtheycanusetoimprovetheir

well-being可知，对于穷人来说，劳动往往是他们唯一可以用来改善生活的东西，故选B。

13.主旨大意题。根据Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts（影响）therestofthesocieties

以及第四段可知，讲述女孩和女人的教育影响着社会,所以是女孩和妇女接受教育的重要性，

故选Ao

14.细节理解题。根据ThepresidentoftheWorldBank,JimYongKim可知，他是世界银行行

长，故选B。

15.细节理解题。根据Creatingjobs>Theeducationofgirlsandwomenimpacts（影响）therest

ofthesocieties>TheUnitedStateshasn'traisedthelowestpaysince2007、Thepresidentofthe

WorldBank,JimYongKim,saysthathebelieves"healthcarecoveringinallcountriescanhelp

achieveagoalofendingextremepovertyby2030可知，总共提出了四个方法：创造就业机会、

女孩和妇女接受教育、健康医疗和提高最低工资。故选A。

16.A

17.B

18.C

19.D

【分析】

2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。本文介绍了中国的发展，以及为了对抗贫穷做出的

努力。

16.

细节理解题。根据“In2010,ChinaovertookJapantobecomethesecond-largesteconomyinthe

答案第3页，共6页

worldaftertheUS.”可知2010年，中国超过日本，成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体。故

选Ao

17.

细节理解题o根据"Itbuiltroads,createdjobs,andgavepeoplebettereducationandmedical

services.”可知为了减少贫穷，中国修路、增加工作机会、给人们更好的教育和医疗。因此

abd符合。故选B。

18.

主旨大意题。根据“Asforeducation,manyChinesearegoingabroadtostudyanddoresearch.9,

可知此段介绍了中国在教育方面的发展。故选C。

19.

主旨大意题。第一段总领全文，根据第一段最后一句话“Overthepast70years,underthe

leadershipoftheCommunistParty