先天性心脏病英文

先天性心脏病英文1、Geneticfactor(internalfactor):Geneticandchromosomalaberrations2、Environmentalfactor(externalfactor):Highaltitude4、Inheritedfactor3、Otherrelatedfactors:Viralinfectionsofpregnancy,Motherswhoarediabetic,alcoholicsordrugaddictiveDrugsandmetabolicfactorsEtiologyThehealthprotectionofpregnantwomanshouldbeenhanced、Highriskfactors,suchasdrugs,radiation,viralinfection,et、shouldbeavoided、SuitdosageFolicAcidshouldbefilledupinearlypregnancystage、PreventionDoesthechildhaveheartdisease?EvaluatingachildwithaheartmurmurIsitcongenitalheartdisease?Ifitiscongenitalheartdisease,whatisthelesion?Whatistheseverityofthelesion?Assessmentofachildforthepresenceofheartdisease

MajorSystolicmurmurgardeIIIormorespeciallywithathrillDiastolicmurmurCyanosisCongestiveheartfailureMinorSystolicmurmurlessthangradeIIIinintensity2、AbnormalS23、AbnormalECG4、AbnormalX-ray5、AbnormalBPCHDAcyanoticCHDCyanoticCHDLtoRshuntsASDVSDPDAObstructivelesionsPulmonicstenosisAorticstenosisCoarctationofaortaMitralregurgitationRtoLshuntsTOFCompleteTGATOFPDAVSDASDFourCongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildren返回CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect(ASD)ASDisthemostfrequentcongenitallesionofmajorimportanceinadults、Itisoftennotdiagnoseduntiladultlife,eveninthepresentera,becauseitrarelyproducessymptomsinchildhoodandtheassociatedphysicalsignsareeasilyconfusedwiththecardiacfindingsinnormalchildren、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectThreetypesofatrialseptaldefectareclassifiedonananatomicbasis:ostiumsecundum第二孔,sinusvenosus,andostiumprimum第一孔、Allthreetypesareassociatedwithaleft-to-rightshuntattheatriallevelandvolumeoverworkoftherightventricle、房间隔缺损12大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流房间隔缺损—原发孔型位于房间隔得下部,紧邻房室瓣。房间隔缺损—继发孔型亦称中央型或卵圆孔型房间隔缺损—静脉窦型位置接近上腔静脉房间隔缺损CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Bloodischronicallyovercirculatedthroughthelungsatnormalintracardiacpressurelevels、Increasedflowthroughthepulmonaryvalveproducesacharacteristicpulmonarysystolicejectionmurmur、Thepulmonaryvalvecloseslatebecauseofthereducedimpedance阻抗inthepulmonaryarterialsystem,causingawidesplittingofthesecondheartsound,theotherclassicfindinginASD、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectThesplittingremainsrelativelyfixedinrelationtorespiration;

theaorticandpulmonaryponentsremainaudiblysplitduringexpiration、Achestx-rayusuallyrevealsenlargementoftheheartandsignsofpulmonaryovercirculation,suchasalargepulmonarytrunkandincreasedpulmonaryvascularmarkings、Therelativeseverityoftheseconditionsreflectsthesizeoftheleft-to-rightshunt、

CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectTwomajorplicationsofASDarepulmonaryarterialhypertensionandrightventricularfailure、Pulmonaryarterialhypertensioniscausedbyelevatedpulmonaryvascularresistance;itdevelopsafteradolescenceinabout15percentofcases、Inthemostseverecases,anirreversibleplexiformarteriopathy丛状得动脉病,similartothatseeninEisenmengersyndromeorprimarypulmonaryhypertension,ispresent、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Asaresultofpulmonaryhypertension,theleft-to-rightshuntfirstdecreases,thenbeesbidirectional,andfinallyreverses;arightventricularpressureoverloaddevelops,pulmonarybloodflowisreduced,andthepatientbeescyanotic、

CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Rightventricularfailuredevelopsasaresultoflong-standingvolumeoverload;itusuallyaffectspatientsolderthan40years、Rightventricularfailureisusuallyassociatedwithatrialflutterorfibrillationandisoftenlinkedtotricuspidregurgitation、Eventually,asyndromeofright-andleft-sidedcongestiveheartfailuredevelops,andatthisstage,itmaybedifficulttodifferentiateclinicallybetweenASDandsuchconditionsascardiomyopathyandmitralvalvedisease、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectSurgicalclosureofASDisaverysafeandhighlyeffectiveprocedure、Prophylacticsurgeryisthereforeindicatedinanypatientinwhomtheratioofpulmonarybloodflowtosystemicbloodflowis2:1orgreater、NearlyallpatientsinwhomASDcanbeclinicallydiagnosedexhibitatleastthisdegreeofleft-to-rightshunt、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefect

Surgeryiscontraindicated治疗或处置不当whenpulmonaryhypertensionapproachesthepressurelevelofthesystemiccirculationbecauseinsuchpatientstheoperativemortalityishighandtheelevatedpulmonaryvascularresistancedoesnotfallaftersurgery、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenAtrialSeptalDefectNonsurgicalclosureusingcardiaccatheterizationwithanumbrellalikedevicehasbeenacplishedinpatientswithdefectslessthan2cmindiameter,mostofwhomhavebeeninfantsorsmallchildren、

房间隔缺损封堵伞房间隔缺损封堵过程CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefect(VSD)VSDisthemostmoncongenitalcardiacanomalyininfants、ItisrarelyseeninadultsbecausesubstantialVSDthatarenotcorrectedsurgicallyareassociatedwithahighmortality、Inaddition,theincidenceofspontaneousclosureofVSDisrelativelyhigh;closureoccursparticularlyoftenininfancybutalsoinlateryears、VSDVSDCongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefectTheVSDthatdoappearinadultsasisolatedanomaliesareusuallylessthan1cmindiameter、Becausetheopeningisquitesmall,normalsystolicpressurecanbemaintainedintherightventricleandinthepulmonaryartery、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefectIninfantswithalargeVSD,medicalmanagementhastwoaims:tocontrolheartfailureandtopreventthedevelopmentofpulmonaryvasculardisease、Therapeuticmeasuresareaimedatthecontrolofheartfailuresymptomsandthemaintenanceofnormalgrowth、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefect

IndicationsforsurgicalclosureofVSDincludepatientsatanyagewithlargedefectsinwhomclinicalsymptomsandfailuretothrivecannotbecontrolledmedically、Infantsbetween6and12moofagewithlargedefectsassociatedwithpulmonaryhypertension,evenifsymptomsarecontrolledbymedication、CongenitalCardiacAnomaliesinChildrenVentricularSeptalDefectSurgicalclosureisusuallyundertakentopreventinfectiveendocarditis、Theincidenceofthisplicationisnotwellestablished,butsurgeryappearstobehighlyeffectiveasaprophylactic

measure、室间隔缺损封堵伞室间隔缺损封堵PatentDuctusArteriosusPDA–PersistenceofthenormalfetalvesselthatjoinsthePAtotheAorta、Normallyclosesinthe1stwkoflife、Accountsfor10%ofallCHD,seenin10%ofothercongenitalhrtlesionsandcanoftenplayacriticalroleinsomelesions、Female:Maleratioof2:1Oftenassociatedw/coarctation&VSD、动脉导管未闭PDAPatentDuctusArteriosusQuestion: WhatTORCHinfectionisPDAassociatedwith?•Answer: RubellaPatentDuctusArteriosusHemodynamicsAsaresultofhigheraorticpressure,bloodshuntsLtoRthroughtheductusfromAortatoPA、Extentoftheshuntdependsonsizeoftheductus&PVR:SVR、SmallPDA,pressuresinPA,RV,RAarenormal、PatentDuctusArteriosusHemodynamicsLargePDA,PApressuresareequaltosystemicpressures、Inextremecases70%ofCOisshuntedthroughtheductustopulmonarycirculation、Leadstoincreasedpulmonaryvasculardisease、PatentDuctusArteriosusClinicalSig