英语句子写作 课件 3.6relative clause4

Relativeclause(4)Inthissection,youwillLearnprepositionswith“which”and“whom”LearnzerorelativepronounsandadverbsKnowthecircumstancesinwhichonly“that”canbeused.Howtouse“as”and“but”inrelativeclausesDoaquizObjectivesPrepositionswith“which”and“whom”TheBoardwillmeetthejournalist,fromwhomtheyexpectanapology.Experienceisaschoolfromwhichonecannevergraduate.×prepositionswith“that”.×Thecitywasthrownintoanecstasyofdelight,inthateveryonewascelebratingNewYear’sDay.√Thecitywasthrownintoanecstasyofdelight,inwhicheveryonewascelebratingNewYear’sDay.Theoldladywhomsheislookingafterishergrandmother.“lookafter”isaphrasalverb(短语动词),whichcannotbeseparatedintherelativeclause.Otherphrasalverbs:relyon,getalongwith,bringup,catchupwith,takecareof,lookat,fillin……MoreexamplesThisisthebookwhich/thatIamlookingfor.Thatisnotthekindoflifewhich/thathewaslookingforwardto.IwanttosaygoodbyetoallthethingsthatIhadtoputupwithinthepast.Heismygoodfriend,whomIusuallyturntowhenIamintrouble.Thereareotherproblems,whichIdon’tproposetogointoatthemoment.Thisillness,whichhesufferedfrom,hadkilledhisfather.“ofwhich”,“ofwhom”structureItisalanguagesharedbyseveralquitediversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.Tenforeignstudentswereadmittedtothecollege,threeofwhomcamefromtheUK.“someof”，”manyof”and“mostof”+“which”/”whom”ExamplesIfforeigngovernmentswantChinatoraiseitsimportssignificantly,theymayhavetoconsiderChina’sdemandsforaccesstoabroaderrangeofhigh-techimports,someofwhicharecurrentlyrestrictedformilitaryandstrategicreasons.如果外国政府想使中国进口大幅增长，他们必须考虑中国对待更多高科技进口产品的需求，目前一些产品因军事和战略原因在向中国出口时受到限制。Whenthatnewdayfinallydawns,itwillbebecauseofalotofmagnificentwomen,manyofwhomarerighthereinthisroomtoday,andsomeprettyphenomenalmen,fightinghardtomakesurethattheybecometheleaderswhotakeustothetimewhennobodyeverhastosufferfromsexualdiscriminationagain.当全新的日子最终降临时，大家都要感谢一大批伟大的女性，其中很多人今天就在现场，以及一些杰出的男士，他们努力奋斗，确保自己成为领袖，带领我们来到一个没有人会再受到性别歧视困扰的时代。ZerorelativepronounThisisthemanwhomIsaw.√ThisisthemanIsaw.JohnbuiltthehousethatIwasbornin.√JohnbuiltthehouseIwasbornin.TheletterwhichIpostedthreedaysagohasn’tarrivedyet.√TheletterIposedthreedaysagohasn’tarrivedyet.Thezerorelativepronouncannotbethesubjectoftheverbintherelativeclause.Jackbuiltthehousethatsitsonthehill.×Jackbuiltthehousesitsonthehill.Sheistheonewhoencouragedme.×Sheistheoneencouragedme.Philosophyissomethingthatcannotbedefined.×Philosophyissomethingcannotbedefined.“where”cannotbeomitted.“when”canbeomittedonlyinrestrictiverelativeclause.Sometimes,“why”canbeomitted.Ilongforthemoment(when)Icanhavearest.Isthatthereason(why)youstudydancing?All

(that)hecoulddothenwastoapologizeforwhathehaddone.Thestudent

(whom)youcriticizedintheclasshasmadeaself-criticism.Themanlyingunderthetreeistheguy

aboutwhompeoplearetalking.Ilongforthemoment

(when)Icanhavearest.Isthatthereason

(why)youstudydancing?ExamplesPeopledon’tappreciatethingstheydonotunderstand.人们不欣赏他们不懂的东西。Don’ttrustthefirstsignyousee.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。Don’texpectpeopletodothingsyouwouldnotdoyourself.己所不欲勿施于人。Only“that”1.Theantecedentincludesthefollowingwords“all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,theone”andreferstothingsinthemainclause.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hewilltellyoueverythingthatheheardaboutit.Thereislittleworkthatisfitforyou.Ihaveeatenallthefoodthatisleft.2.Theantecedentsinclude“thefirst,thesecond,….last,next,theonly,thevery”orthesuperlativeformofadjectives.ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.3.Theantecedentreferstopeopleandthings,oracollectivenoun.MenandthingsthatIsawtherewereverycurious.Shewantstojoinateamthatconsistsofteenagers.4.Whenthemainclausebeginswith“who”or“which”,weuse“that”toavoidrepetition.Whichisthehousethatcaughtfirelastnight?Whoistheladythatisplayingthepiano?5.IftherelativeclauseistheSVC(subject+linkingverb+subjectcomplement)structure,andtherelativepronounisactingasthesubjectcomplementintheclause,only“that”canbeused.Heisnottheman

thatheseems.Hetalksliketheman

thathewastwentyyearsago.As—relativepronounInrestrictiverelativeclauses,“as”shouldbeusedinthefollowingstructures:“such…as”；”so…as”；”thesame…as”Ineverheardsuchstories

ashetells.Hereissobigapieceoffurniture

asnoonecanmove.Heboughtthesamemobilephone

asyouhad.“thesame…as”vs.“thesame…that”ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.(Thewatchisnotmine)ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.(Thewatchismine)前一句表示这个手表和我丢的那块手表一样；后一句表示这就是我丢的那块手表。Hereturnedwithtobacco,matches,andsuchprovisionsaswereneeded.他带着烟叶、火柴以及必要的食品回来了。Wehadhopedtogiveyouachancesuchasnobodyelseeverhad.(Wehadhopedtogiveyousuchachanceasnobodyelseeverhad.)我们本来希望给你一次别人不曾有过的机会。Innon-restrictiverelativeclauses,“as”usuallyreferstoapartoforthewholemainclause.Sophiawasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.Aswasexpected,heperformedthetaskwithsuccess.Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.像你们中许多人一样，对事实视而不见是愚蠢的。Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkagainyesterday,asisoftenthecase.他昨天又没有完成家庭作业，他总是那样。But—relativepronoun“but”isusedinnegativesentences,referringtopeopleorthings.Thereisnorule

buthasexceptions.Thereisnorulethathasno

exceptions.Thereisnooneofus

butadmireshistalents.Thereisnooneofuswho

doesnotadmirehistalents.Surelythereisn’tamotherbutfacesthisproblem.可以肯定的是，凡是当母亲的都会面临这一问题。what“what”isthecombinationofantecedentandrelativepronoun，

referringto“thething/thingsthat…”，or“thepersonwho…“WhatIwantisyouradvice.Heiswhatwecallawalkingdictionary.whatever，whoever，whicheverIwilldowhateverIcantohelpthem.IwilldoanythingthatIca